Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

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Photo of Megan Maguire, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Megan Maguire
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55405
I have worked in the mental health field for 5 years in a variety of roles and settings including hospitals, outpatient settings, and as a mobile crisis responder. I have experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly who are struggling with a variety of diagnoses, life transitions, and personal and societal issues. I have a particular interest in working with persons looking to deepen their understanding of themselves and the world they live in, teens ages 12+, and first responders/healthcare workers.
I have worked in the mental health field for 5 years in a variety of roles and settings including hospitals, outpatient settings, and as a mobile crisis responder. I have experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly who are struggling with a variety of diagnoses, life transitions, and personal and societal issues. I have a particular interest in working with persons looking to deepen their understanding of themselves and the world they live in, teens ages 12+, and first responders/healthcare workers.
(612) 662-2863 x6 View (612) 662-2863 x6
Photo of Jessica C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica C
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55439
Jess’s ideal clients are college students and young adults facing anxiety, stress, life transitions, low self-esteem, grief, and depression. Jess is especially passionate about helping people who have been hurt and betrayed by those they should have been able to trust the most. Jess welcomes those with attachment wounds and relationship trauma. Finally, Jess invites those in caregiving or helping roles to consider therapy as well. Workplace trauma and compassion fatigue can hijack your relationships, self-esteem, and overall health. Let’s improve the way you care for yourself while you care for others.
Jess’s ideal clients are college students and young adults facing anxiety, stress, life transitions, low self-esteem, grief, and depression. Jess is especially passionate about helping people who have been hurt and betrayed by those they should have been able to trust the most. Jess welcomes those with attachment wounds and relationship trauma. Finally, Jess invites those in caregiving or helping roles to consider therapy as well. Workplace trauma and compassion fatigue can hijack your relationships, self-esteem, and overall health. Let’s improve the way you care for yourself while you care for others.
(952) 522-3788 View (952) 522-3788
Photo of Autumn McDonald, MSW, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Autumn McDonald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55407  (Online Only)
I am a queer, fat, cis-gender woman. I'm a divorced single mom, a therapist, a social worker, a community organizer, a birth and postpartum doula, an activist, a friend, and a member of many different kinds of families. All these identities, roles, life experiences have woven together to shape the unique perspective and philosophy that guides me. I am committed to the goal of liberation, individually and collectively. I am committed to finding ways to live life as our liberated authentic selves in a world that tries to shatter our identities, question our experiences, values and dreams.
I am a queer, fat, cis-gender woman. I'm a divorced single mom, a therapist, a social worker, a community organizer, a birth and postpartum doula, an activist, a friend, and a member of many different kinds of families. All these identities, roles, life experiences have woven together to shape the unique perspective and philosophy that guides me. I am committed to the goal of liberation, individually and collectively. I am committed to finding ways to live life as our liberated authentic selves in a world that tries to shatter our identities, question our experiences, values and dreams.
(612) 429-3748 View (612) 429-3748
Photo of Missy Parsons-Stadler, MA, LPCC, LADC
Missy Parsons-Stadler
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55439  (Online Only)
If you've been affected by addiction, emotionally distant parents, or just find yourself struggling in life... I offer a safe and compassionate space for you to explore your struggles and find ways to change dysfunctional relational patterns. If you are ready to start the journey of understanding, acceptance, and work toward change where it's needed...I will hold space for you and start where you are at, with no judgment. My specialty is working with relational change, addictive patterns, and adult women with ADHD or those suspect they might. However, I also enjoy working with anyone in life transition or who are "feeling stuck".
If you've been affected by addiction, emotionally distant parents, or just find yourself struggling in life... I offer a safe and compassionate space for you to explore your struggles and find ways to change dysfunctional relational patterns. If you are ready to start the journey of understanding, acceptance, and work toward change where it's needed...I will hold space for you and start where you are at, with no judgment. My specialty is working with relational change, addictive patterns, and adult women with ADHD or those suspect they might. However, I also enjoy working with anyone in life transition or who are "feeling stuck".
(612) 293-7532 View (612) 293-7532
Photo of Rachael Belair, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachael Belair
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55407
Not accepting new clients
I value and understand the importance of a strong therapeutic relationship, and work collaboratively with clients to tailor their therapy to meet their unique needs. I have experience with a variety of therapeutic techniques including play therapy, art therapy, solution focused, psychodynamic, ACT, EMDR and CBT.
I value and understand the importance of a strong therapeutic relationship, and work collaboratively with clients to tailor their therapy to meet their unique needs. I have experience with a variety of therapeutic techniques including play therapy, art therapy, solution focused, psychodynamic, ACT, EMDR and CBT.
(612) 688-2129 View (612) 688-2129
Photo of Nina Shadi, MS, LPCC
Nina Shadi
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55405
You're a woman/mother/mom-to-be looking for a therapist that will understand you. Or parents dissatisfied with your relationship. You’re struggling, questioning so much and want clarity. You long to understand your thoughts, feelings, and dynamics but don't know where to start. So much is weighing on you. You miss balance. You're not alone and our therapeutic relationship can help. Through an eclectic approach, -utilizing techniques specific to YOUR needs we'll work together to resolve, not bandaid your struggles. You'll change maladaptive patterns and build a foundation of strength and self-worth, fostering healing, change.
You're a woman/mother/mom-to-be looking for a therapist that will understand you. Or parents dissatisfied with your relationship. You’re struggling, questioning so much and want clarity. You long to understand your thoughts, feelings, and dynamics but don't know where to start. So much is weighing on you. You miss balance. You're not alone and our therapeutic relationship can help. Through an eclectic approach, -utilizing techniques specific to YOUR needs we'll work together to resolve, not bandaid your struggles. You'll change maladaptive patterns and build a foundation of strength and self-worth, fostering healing, change.
(612) 268-6126 View (612) 268-6126
Photo of Jeannine Katherine Myrvik, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jeannine Katherine Myrvik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
I have been working with adults experiencing life challenges for the last 20 years. I believe the vulnerability of seeking help to make your life better is pure courage. I understand the investment required in doing this work and seek to make your time in therapy valuable and worthwhile. My approach is validating as well as direct. My clients say that I am able to understand their situations quickly, and provide clear ideas of how to cope differently. I am a skills oriented therapist who has many ideas for strategies in working towards your goals.
I have been working with adults experiencing life challenges for the last 20 years. I believe the vulnerability of seeking help to make your life better is pure courage. I understand the investment required in doing this work and seek to make your time in therapy valuable and worthwhile. My approach is validating as well as direct. My clients say that I am able to understand their situations quickly, and provide clear ideas of how to cope differently. I am a skills oriented therapist who has many ideas for strategies in working towards your goals.
(651) 404-2100 View (651) 404-2100
Photo of John Healy, PhD, LP, Psychologist
John Healy
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55409
I am a compassionate and clear-thinking therapist. For the past thirty+ years, I have worked with clients to help them unravel problematic emotions, develop more resilience, and expand self-awareness. I use a psychodynamically informed approach, which means the therapy focuses both on current symptoms and problems, as well as underlying root causes. My style is interactive, engaging, and direct. I bring warmth, dedication, and an open presence to help clients sort through difficult issues and develop lasting confidence.
I am a compassionate and clear-thinking therapist. For the past thirty+ years, I have worked with clients to help them unravel problematic emotions, develop more resilience, and expand self-awareness. I use a psychodynamically informed approach, which means the therapy focuses both on current symptoms and problems, as well as underlying root causes. My style is interactive, engaging, and direct. I bring warmth, dedication, and an open presence to help clients sort through difficult issues and develop lasting confidence.
(651) 301-8559 View (651) 301-8559
Photo of Quinn Maroney-Hernandez, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Quinn Maroney-Hernandez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55423
Expertise: I work with women and non-binary folks age 14-65 who are looking for a space to explore how their lives, experiences, & behaviors shape their understanding and authentic needs. I specialize in ADHD/ neurodiversity, anxiety, depression, and couples looking to reduce conflict and increase friendship.
Expertise: I work with women and non-binary folks age 14-65 who are looking for a space to explore how their lives, experiences, & behaviors shape their understanding and authentic needs. I specialize in ADHD/ neurodiversity, anxiety, depression, and couples looking to reduce conflict and increase friendship.
(952) 522-6038 View (952) 522-6038
Photo of Jen Nelson, LPCC, Counselor
Jen Nelson
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55419
Now accepting Blue Cross BlueShield. I believe that each person is their own healer and is capable of living life fully. My approach to therapy includes exploring our past experience, present circumstances, and future goals. I strive to create a non-judgmental, compassionate, and collaborative space for my clients. I have been a licensed masters level therapist since 2015. My experience includes anxiety, depression, trauma, EMDR, substance use disorder, eating disorder, self esteem, body image, perinatal mental health, and parenting. Before becoming an LPCC I worked with severe and persistent mental health in residential settings.
Now accepting Blue Cross BlueShield. I believe that each person is their own healer and is capable of living life fully. My approach to therapy includes exploring our past experience, present circumstances, and future goals. I strive to create a non-judgmental, compassionate, and collaborative space for my clients. I have been a licensed masters level therapist since 2015. My experience includes anxiety, depression, trauma, EMDR, substance use disorder, eating disorder, self esteem, body image, perinatal mental health, and parenting. Before becoming an LPCC I worked with severe and persistent mental health in residential settings.
(952) 900-3403 View (952) 900-3403
Photo of Laurie Schlosser, MA, LP, Psychologist
Laurie Schlosser
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55412
Are you struggling with anxiety, phobias or OCD? Is it impacting your happiness, friendships, school or work performance? I believe in supporting individuals with curiosity and compassion. I have experience helping children/teens and young adults to develop strategies to face their fears and increase self awareness. I use a strength based approach, evidenced based CBT-ERP, as well as approaches based in Eastern Psychology, such as yoga and mindfulness. I help my clients find brave moments expand their value based life. I work with individuals 8-25 years old and provide parent support. (All adult age groups for specific phobias)
Are you struggling with anxiety, phobias or OCD? Is it impacting your happiness, friendships, school or work performance? I believe in supporting individuals with curiosity and compassion. I have experience helping children/teens and young adults to develop strategies to face their fears and increase self awareness. I use a strength based approach, evidenced based CBT-ERP, as well as approaches based in Eastern Psychology, such as yoga and mindfulness. I help my clients find brave moments expand their value based life. I work with individuals 8-25 years old and provide parent support. (All adult age groups for specific phobias)
(612) 509-9879 View (612) 509-9879
Photo of Liana Brinson, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Liana Brinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55414
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about working with individuals who feel disconnected from parts of themselves. Perhaps you are highly logical but struggle to identify or feel emotions. Or maybe you feel emotions so intensely that your sense of self gets lost. I use various modalities including narrative therapy, mindfulness, and the use of symbols and metaphors to assist in the discovery of a more expansive self where there is love, again or for the first time, for rejected parts.
I am passionate about working with individuals who feel disconnected from parts of themselves. Perhaps you are highly logical but struggle to identify or feel emotions. Or maybe you feel emotions so intensely that your sense of self gets lost. I use various modalities including narrative therapy, mindfulness, and the use of symbols and metaphors to assist in the discovery of a more expansive self where there is love, again or for the first time, for rejected parts.
(651) 661-5218 View (651) 661-5218
Photo of Julie A. Kaufman, MA, LPCC
Julie A. Kaufman
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401  (Online Only)
I am dedicated to helping others re-experience themselves. While we all experience struggles, there are times when managing them can be more difficult. Feelings of vulnerability, shame, and fear can easily become chains that hold us down. We begin to give away our power by allowing others to decide how we experience ourselves, our relationships, and our lives. We use food, emotions, behaviors, alcohol, and drugs hoping to protect ourselves. In these attempts we surrender even more power. The energy we once used to live in love, abundance, and wellness is no longer available: as a limited resource, it's now all used up.
I am dedicated to helping others re-experience themselves. While we all experience struggles, there are times when managing them can be more difficult. Feelings of vulnerability, shame, and fear can easily become chains that hold us down. We begin to give away our power by allowing others to decide how we experience ourselves, our relationships, and our lives. We use food, emotions, behaviors, alcohol, and drugs hoping to protect ourselves. In these attempts we surrender even more power. The energy we once used to live in love, abundance, and wellness is no longer available: as a limited resource, it's now all used up.
(651) 433-6074 View (651) 433-6074
Photo of Jenny Arth, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Jenny Arth
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55409
I'm taking new clients for November! My passions are relationships and how we process trauma. I love to explore how systemic and societal power structures influence how we connect with our partners, family members, and friends. I work with couples, families, and individuals in areas such as polyamory, boundaries, queerness, anxiety/depression, sex and sexuality, trauma, stress, life transitions, chronic illness, and anything else that affects our ability to be authentically and safely ourselves. I'm now also trained in brainspotting for individuals looking to process trauma.
I'm taking new clients for November! My passions are relationships and how we process trauma. I love to explore how systemic and societal power structures influence how we connect with our partners, family members, and friends. I work with couples, families, and individuals in areas such as polyamory, boundaries, queerness, anxiety/depression, sex and sexuality, trauma, stress, life transitions, chronic illness, and anything else that affects our ability to be authentically and safely ourselves. I'm now also trained in brainspotting for individuals looking to process trauma.
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Photo of Demmie Lorayne Rosenberg, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Demmie Lorayne Rosenberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
I am an Licensed Marriage and Family therapist who works with adults and couples. I received my Masters Degree in Counseling Psychology and have a certification in marriage and family therapy. I also have a BSN in nursing which I feel has helped me see the impact of the mind and body connection.
I am an Licensed Marriage and Family therapist who works with adults and couples. I received my Masters Degree in Counseling Psychology and have a certification in marriage and family therapy. I also have a BSN in nursing which I feel has helped me see the impact of the mind and body connection.
(612) 712-6569 View (612) 712-6569
Photo of Bruce Kohlhase, MA, LP, Psychologist
Bruce Kohlhase
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55417
Creating a comfortable, individualized treatment relationship within the context of a secure and relaxed environment is a primary therapy goal for serving all age groups. Diverse backgrounds, life experiences and orientations are all welcome and respected. I draw from a wide variety of treatment approaches to adapt to your personal situation. Emotions, thought, behavior, your life history and relationship experience are all given careful consideration. Humor, warmth, encouragement, knowledge and skill in treatment techniques can all play a role in the support provided as you work on improving and changing your life.
Creating a comfortable, individualized treatment relationship within the context of a secure and relaxed environment is a primary therapy goal for serving all age groups. Diverse backgrounds, life experiences and orientations are all welcome and respected. I draw from a wide variety of treatment approaches to adapt to your personal situation. Emotions, thought, behavior, your life history and relationship experience are all given careful consideration. Humor, warmth, encouragement, knowledge and skill in treatment techniques can all play a role in the support provided as you work on improving and changing your life.
(612) 255-6791 View (612) 255-6791
Photo of Dara Denton, LPCC, Counselor
Dara Denton
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Do you question if your wants and needs are reasonable? Have you been told you're "too sensitive"? Are you finding yourself in relationships where you give more than you get? I am committed to empowering women to trust themselves, understand the science behind their "symptoms," and ultimately improve their relationships (whether in one or not). I'll help you develop skills to support connection while reducing self-doubt and worry. You'll walk away from therapy less reliant on others to gauge how you should feel about something and more in tune with your body's internal wisdom.
Do you question if your wants and needs are reasonable? Have you been told you're "too sensitive"? Are you finding yourself in relationships where you give more than you get? I am committed to empowering women to trust themselves, understand the science behind their "symptoms," and ultimately improve their relationships (whether in one or not). I'll help you develop skills to support connection while reducing self-doubt and worry. You'll walk away from therapy less reliant on others to gauge how you should feel about something and more in tune with your body's internal wisdom.
(763) 247-7912 View (763) 247-7912
Photo of Lucy Erickson, MA, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lucy Erickson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55401
It is my goal as your therapist to create a safe and supportive space for you to explore who you are and strive for change! Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, or self-esteem, I am here to support you. I like to help empower my clients to be able to process and express their emotions in a more effective and healthy manner, develop healthy relationships, process past experiences, and strengthen their sense of self.
It is my goal as your therapist to create a safe and supportive space for you to explore who you are and strive for change! Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, or self-esteem, I am here to support you. I like to help empower my clients to be able to process and express their emotions in a more effective and healthy manner, develop healthy relationships, process past experiences, and strengthen their sense of self.
(651) 350-1206 View (651) 350-1206
Photo of Jennifer Kortgard, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Kortgard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55413
One of life's greatest challenges is trying to balance who we are with what the world demands of us. We often need to adjust ourselves to fit circumstances that are not always aligned with our heart and soul. This can cause us to feel overwhelmed, isolated, frustrated and hopeless. Therapy is one of the best ways to rediscover that true self that can often get lost in the hustle and bustle of daily life.
One of life's greatest challenges is trying to balance who we are with what the world demands of us. We often need to adjust ourselves to fit circumstances that are not always aligned with our heart and soul. This can cause us to feel overwhelmed, isolated, frustrated and hopeless. Therapy is one of the best ways to rediscover that true self that can often get lost in the hustle and bustle of daily life.
(651) 505-5890 View (651) 505-5890
Photo of Nick Pranke, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nick Pranke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401
Waitlist for new clients
I believe the process of therapy is about the therapist and client joining together in a collaborative effort to work toward goals. Every person has strengths and values that are essential to living their best possible life. Sometimes obstacles get in the way of living those values and recognizing our strengths, including family, trauma, health concerns, and mental health difficulties. Through a systemic and trauma-informed lens, we will create individualized goals and approaches that best meet your needs.
I believe the process of therapy is about the therapist and client joining together in a collaborative effort to work toward goals. Every person has strengths and values that are essential to living their best possible life. Sometimes obstacles get in the way of living those values and recognizing our strengths, including family, trauma, health concerns, and mental health difficulties. Through a systemic and trauma-informed lens, we will create individualized goals and approaches that best meet your needs.
(763) 343-7399 View (763) 343-7399
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

2,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Minneapolis, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% Aetna
69% UCare

How Therapists in Minneapolis, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minneapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.