Therapists in Mokena, IL

Photo of Melissa Cullinane, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Cullinane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
"Nothing changes if nothing changes." As your therapist I will help you gain insight into yourself and your behaviors and provide you with healthy coping skills. I will challenge you to be your best self. I believe everyone can benefit from talking with an unbiased, third party when faced with mental and emotional struggles as well as, everyday life stressors. I utilize Brainspotting, Psychodynamic therapy, CBT, DBT, and Solution Focused Therapy.
"Nothing changes if nothing changes." As your therapist I will help you gain insight into yourself and your behaviors and provide you with healthy coping skills. I will challenge you to be your best self. I believe everyone can benefit from talking with an unbiased, third party when faced with mental and emotional struggles as well as, everyday life stressors. I utilize Brainspotting, Psychodynamic therapy, CBT, DBT, and Solution Focused Therapy.
(815) 599-1042 View (815) 599-1042
Photo of Holly A Cox, LCPC, CDC, Counselor
Holly A Cox
Counselor, LCPC, CDC
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
Have you been living your life like it's a dress rehearsal for the real thing? If so, you've come to the right place! My goal is to help you get clear about what you really want and assist you in transforming your life. I will support you in developing the skills you need to achieve whatever it is you are searching for - increased self-confidence, better relationships, improved parenting skills, emotional peace and stability, stress reduction, financial security, family harmony, etc. I am also passionate about assisting parents who are dealing with the challenges of raising "gritty" children in this topsy-turvy world.
Have you been living your life like it's a dress rehearsal for the real thing? If so, you've come to the right place! My goal is to help you get clear about what you really want and assist you in transforming your life. I will support you in developing the skills you need to achieve whatever it is you are searching for - increased self-confidence, better relationships, improved parenting skills, emotional peace and stability, stress reduction, financial security, family harmony, etc. I am also passionate about assisting parents who are dealing with the challenges of raising "gritty" children in this topsy-turvy world.
(708) 277-6852 View (708) 277-6852
Photo of Deanna L Stacy, MA, LCPC, NCC, CCMHC, Counselor
Deanna L Stacy
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with over 9 years experience. I hold an M.A. in Clinical Psychology from Roosevelt University and additional credentials in Family Psychology and Stress Management. I regularly guide clients to develop coping mechanisms for their anxiety, depression, and difficult life situations. My experience working with the foster care system assists me to support children, teens, and adults through many complex issues including abuse and trauma. I am also skilled in helping couples and families build proper communication to strengthen marriages and relationships.
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with over 9 years experience. I hold an M.A. in Clinical Psychology from Roosevelt University and additional credentials in Family Psychology and Stress Management. I regularly guide clients to develop coping mechanisms for their anxiety, depression, and difficult life situations. My experience working with the foster care system assists me to support children, teens, and adults through many complex issues including abuse and trauma. I am also skilled in helping couples and families build proper communication to strengthen marriages and relationships.
(708) 541-1822 View (708) 541-1822
Photo of Marcia Ooms, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marcia Ooms
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
Marcia graduated from Dominican University with a Master’s degree in social work and is a licensed clinical social worker. She uses cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy as well as a strengths-based and person-centered approach.
Marcia graduated from Dominican University with a Master’s degree in social work and is a licensed clinical social worker. She uses cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy as well as a strengths-based and person-centered approach.
(708) 726-3559 View (708) 726-3559
Photo of Jennifer Zerfowski, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Zerfowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
My approach to therapy is not always your traditional approach. I utilize many evidence-based therapy modalities while also making our time together interesting and fun. Many times deep healing work can occur without even realizing it. You may find yourself feeling an array of emotions from crying to laughing as we work together. I believe that there is deep healing power in laughter.
My approach to therapy is not always your traditional approach. I utilize many evidence-based therapy modalities while also making our time together interesting and fun. Many times deep healing work can occur without even realizing it. You may find yourself feeling an array of emotions from crying to laughing as we work together. I believe that there is deep healing power in laughter.
(708) 419-4738 View (708) 419-4738
Photo of Erik Brandon Lloyd Christensen - Christensen and Sons, LLC, MSW, LCSW, PES, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christensen and Sons, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, PES, LSW
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
When life seems confusing and is overwhelming...Our family can walk with you, help you seek answers, and find hope. Feeling anxious, nervous, alone, angry or overwhelmed? Struggling at work, home, school, or in relationships? Our therapists can help you seek the changes in life you desire. Our counseling/coaching services are geared toward helping individuals, groups, and families with any multitude of problems that arise.
When life seems confusing and is overwhelming...Our family can walk with you, help you seek answers, and find hope. Feeling anxious, nervous, alone, angry or overwhelmed? Struggling at work, home, school, or in relationships? Our therapists can help you seek the changes in life you desire. Our counseling/coaching services are geared toward helping individuals, groups, and families with any multitude of problems that arise.
(708) 381-2846 View (708) 381-2846
Photo of Marissa Latko, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marissa Latko
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mokena, IL 60448  (Online Only)
I believe that empathy and compassion are the foundation of the healing relationship. I believe in meeting clients where they are at in their therapeutic journey. I am trained in working with clients struggling with a variety of difficulties such as: depression, anxiety, mood disorders, eating disorders, and trauma. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process and I work alongside my clients to identify goals that aide in decreasing emotional turmoil and suffering. I use an integrative approach in therapy, pulling from CBT, DBT, psychodynamic, solutions-focused, and trauma-informed.
I believe that empathy and compassion are the foundation of the healing relationship. I believe in meeting clients where they are at in their therapeutic journey. I am trained in working with clients struggling with a variety of difficulties such as: depression, anxiety, mood disorders, eating disorders, and trauma. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process and I work alongside my clients to identify goals that aide in decreasing emotional turmoil and suffering. I use an integrative approach in therapy, pulling from CBT, DBT, psychodynamic, solutions-focused, and trauma-informed.
(708) 726-5149 View (708) 726-5149
Photo of Matt Littlefield, LCPC, CADC, Counselor
Matt Littlefield
Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
My approach is strengths based, focused on solutions, and present and forward directed. We will explore new possibilities and opportunities to learn how to lessen your current clinical symptoms, while improving your sense of self-acceptance, increasing your resiliency, and developing a healthier and more effective behavioral pattern moving forward. Together, we will collaborate on aligning your treatment goals with your own personal values within a warm, empathic, and compassionate space.
My approach is strengths based, focused on solutions, and present and forward directed. We will explore new possibilities and opportunities to learn how to lessen your current clinical symptoms, while improving your sense of self-acceptance, increasing your resiliency, and developing a healthier and more effective behavioral pattern moving forward. Together, we will collaborate on aligning your treatment goals with your own personal values within a warm, empathic, and compassionate space.
(708) 722-8009 View (708) 722-8009
Photo of Deborah Fields, LCPC, Counselor
Deborah Fields
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
I work collaboratively with my clients utilizing an integrative therapeutic approach to match my client's needs and individual issues. I strive to help my clients achieve personal growth, achieve new insights, develop new coping strategies and help them recognize their personal strengths. I have 15 years of experience working with adults aged 18 to 65 both in a hospital setting and private practice. Some of the issues that I help clients with are loss, grief, stress, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, relationship concerns and life transitions. I see clients in Mokena, IL and also offer telehealth services.
I work collaboratively with my clients utilizing an integrative therapeutic approach to match my client's needs and individual issues. I strive to help my clients achieve personal growth, achieve new insights, develop new coping strategies and help them recognize their personal strengths. I have 15 years of experience working with adults aged 18 to 65 both in a hospital setting and private practice. Some of the issues that I help clients with are loss, grief, stress, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, relationship concerns and life transitions. I see clients in Mokena, IL and also offer telehealth services.
(779) 256-6021 View (779) 256-6021
Photo of Troy Westercamp, MA, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Troy Westercamp
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
In my work with individuals and couples many of my clients tell me that I have a warm and interpersonal approach. I help them feel comfortable and take a very collaborative approach. In marriage counseling, I try to help couples prioritize their marriage and work to help both of them feel more heard and understood as a person. I am passionate about helping people develop healthy relationships, achieve personal growth and experience emotional wholeness. It is my goal to bring hope, guidance, and a safe place for individuals or couples to explore the nature their challenges.
In my work with individuals and couples many of my clients tell me that I have a warm and interpersonal approach. I help them feel comfortable and take a very collaborative approach. In marriage counseling, I try to help couples prioritize their marriage and work to help both of them feel more heard and understood as a person. I am passionate about helping people develop healthy relationships, achieve personal growth and experience emotional wholeness. It is my goal to bring hope, guidance, and a safe place for individuals or couples to explore the nature their challenges.
(866) 284-9464 View (866) 284-9464
Photo of Daniel J Kemp, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Daniel J Kemp
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
I believe everyone has a story, a unique story. Sometimes our story needs editing, sometimes it needs revision. Sometimes it just needs the next chapter to be written. This is what I believe can be accomplished with therapy but only when the person has decided the story needs to be explored. I work to help individuals better understand their unique personality and the way they process their thoughts and emotions and how these thoughts and emotions impact their relationships.
I believe everyone has a story, a unique story. Sometimes our story needs editing, sometimes it needs revision. Sometimes it just needs the next chapter to be written. This is what I believe can be accomplished with therapy but only when the person has decided the story needs to be explored. I work to help individuals better understand their unique personality and the way they process their thoughts and emotions and how these thoughts and emotions impact their relationships.
(708) 419-3640 View (708) 419-3640
Photo of V Manger, MA, LCPC, CAADC, CODP, ICCS
V Manger
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, CAADC, CODP, ICCS
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448  (Online Only)
Believing that we...ourselves are responsible for our own lives...No matter what comes our way...We have a choice as to how we will respond to the situation that will be in our own best interests...at all times. Working together as a team, you will be assisted in choosing the best 'interest' for you, and how you can work toward achieving this goal. Being mindful that you have the power within to choose, work toward and achieve any goal you create and accomplish. "Have the courage to be imperfect!" ~~~ Alfred Adler
Believing that we...ourselves are responsible for our own lives...No matter what comes our way...We have a choice as to how we will respond to the situation that will be in our own best interests...at all times. Working together as a team, you will be assisted in choosing the best 'interest' for you, and how you can work toward achieving this goal. Being mindful that you have the power within to choose, work toward and achieve any goal you create and accomplish. "Have the courage to be imperfect!" ~~~ Alfred Adler
(708) 279-4369 View (708) 279-4369
Photo of Dr. Ari Richelson, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Ari Richelson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
In some ways, the decision you’re about to make is the hardest part of this process. Choosing the right therapist and “type of therapy” can be confusing. That’s why I’d like to explain a little about my training and my approach to make your choice a little easier. My training taught me that by knowing what to listen for, I can connect your symptoms to your past life experiences. Once we start to do that, I will help you identify the reasons those experiences were hard to resolve. When something is hard to resolve, we tend to avoid it, which is why our mind then tells us that something still feels unresolved by producing symptoms.
In some ways, the decision you’re about to make is the hardest part of this process. Choosing the right therapist and “type of therapy” can be confusing. That’s why I’d like to explain a little about my training and my approach to make your choice a little easier. My training taught me that by knowing what to listen for, I can connect your symptoms to your past life experiences. Once we start to do that, I will help you identify the reasons those experiences were hard to resolve. When something is hard to resolve, we tend to avoid it, which is why our mind then tells us that something still feels unresolved by producing symptoms.
(708) 478-9319 View (708) 478-9319
Photo of Deborah Mary Lynch - BELA Recovery, PhD, CAADC, LAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
BELA Recovery
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, CAADC, LAC
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
I am a certified addiction counselor, licensed educator, licensed addiction counselor (LAC) in Colorado, and the Director of BELA Recovery, a nonprofit, Illinois-state-licensed addiction treatment Center. We specialize in adolescent and adult substance use prevention, early intervention and outpatient treatment services. We also provide DUI classes and counseling, domestic violence, anger management, and more. We also do community outreach and presentations for schools, community organizations and professional organizations on topics such as supporting students struggling with substance use, trauma, anxiety/depression and ADHD.
I am a certified addiction counselor, licensed educator, licensed addiction counselor (LAC) in Colorado, and the Director of BELA Recovery, a nonprofit, Illinois-state-licensed addiction treatment Center. We specialize in adolescent and adult substance use prevention, early intervention and outpatient treatment services. We also provide DUI classes and counseling, domestic violence, anger management, and more. We also do community outreach and presentations for schools, community organizations and professional organizations on topics such as supporting students struggling with substance use, trauma, anxiety/depression and ADHD.
(708) 794-6867 View (708) 794-6867
Photo of Simona Tuminello, MA, LCPC, NCC
Simona Tuminello
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
Heal. Grow. Create a life aligned with who you truly are. Depression and anxiety may be blocking the path to your authentic self. You may be feeling stuck, overwhelmed, wanting to isolate, constantly feeling on edge, and feeling so drained that you can’t find the motivation to change unhealthy patterns. Relationships, emotional wounds, childhood trauma, and the demands and expectations of life may be just a few of the contributing factors. Or you may have no idea why you are feeling this way. Therapy can help gain clarity to move forward. My goal is to help you feel more aligned, hopeful, empowered, and confident in your life.
Heal. Grow. Create a life aligned with who you truly are. Depression and anxiety may be blocking the path to your authentic self. You may be feeling stuck, overwhelmed, wanting to isolate, constantly feeling on edge, and feeling so drained that you can’t find the motivation to change unhealthy patterns. Relationships, emotional wounds, childhood trauma, and the demands and expectations of life may be just a few of the contributing factors. Or you may have no idea why you are feeling this way. Therapy can help gain clarity to move forward. My goal is to help you feel more aligned, hopeful, empowered, and confident in your life.
(708) 734-2775 View (708) 734-2775
Photo of Lynn Panepinto, LCSW, CCTP-II, EMDR , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lynn Panepinto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP-II, EMDR
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
If you’re struggling with difficult emotions, relationship/family issues, trauma, uncomfortable life transitions, or feeling stuck and overwhelmed, help is available. My passion is working with clients to develop self-awareness, inner strength, and coping skills so that true and lasting healing occurs. I believe that your overall sense of well-being and overall health includes mental and emotional wellness. My hope is that therapy will help you experience greater self-acceptance, understanding, and an ability to achieve your goals and increase your emotional wellness.
If you’re struggling with difficult emotions, relationship/family issues, trauma, uncomfortable life transitions, or feeling stuck and overwhelmed, help is available. My passion is working with clients to develop self-awareness, inner strength, and coping skills so that true and lasting healing occurs. I believe that your overall sense of well-being and overall health includes mental and emotional wellness. My hope is that therapy will help you experience greater self-acceptance, understanding, and an ability to achieve your goals and increase your emotional wellness.
(708) 316-9132 View (708) 316-9132
Photo of Tammy Grode, MA, LCPC
Tammy Grode
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mokena, IL 60448
Not accepting new clients
Instilling HOPE to those who feel stuck in their current situation by helping them identify options they have not considered is an important part of my work. I help clients identify and build on their emotional strengths and inner wisdom and teach coping skills to reduce their symptoms in order to face life's challenges in a more productive and PEACEful way. I love helping people AWAKEN to their life's purpose, find inner peace despite challenging circumstances, and learn to value themselves personally, within relationships and in their employment.
Instilling HOPE to those who feel stuck in their current situation by helping them identify options they have not considered is an important part of my work. I help clients identify and build on their emotional strengths and inner wisdom and teach coping skills to reduce their symptoms in order to face life's challenges in a more productive and PEACEful way. I love helping people AWAKEN to their life's purpose, find inner peace despite challenging circumstances, and learn to value themselves personally, within relationships and in their employment.
(708) 315-2029 View (708) 315-2029
Photo of Saulena Antanavi, MSCP, LCPC, NCC, Counselor
Saulena Antanavi
Counselor, MSCP, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
Do you feel overwhelmed by anxiety or obsessive thoughts, frequently thinking the worst? Have you noticed your child is preoccupied by excessive worry or fears? You are not alone, and there is help. My focus is on, though not limited to, services for those struggling with anxiety, OCD, mood disorders, PTSD and co-occurring disorders, such as depression. My approach is entirely determined by the unique needs of you, my client - whether it's individual or family counseling. You deserve the best help and guidance to live a fulfilling, more joyful life.
Do you feel overwhelmed by anxiety or obsessive thoughts, frequently thinking the worst? Have you noticed your child is preoccupied by excessive worry or fears? You are not alone, and there is help. My focus is on, though not limited to, services for those struggling with anxiety, OCD, mood disorders, PTSD and co-occurring disorders, such as depression. My approach is entirely determined by the unique needs of you, my client - whether it's individual or family counseling. You deserve the best help and guidance to live a fulfilling, more joyful life.
(708) 469-4748 View (708) 469-4748
Photo of Kathy Ordiway, LSW, CTRS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathy Ordiway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, CTRS
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
Kathy is a Licensed Social Worker and Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist with a Master’s degree in Social Work from Aurora University. She has extensive experience in therapeutic mental health settings, including residential, inpatient, and outpatient programs, and has worked with survivors of domestic violence. Kathy uses various treatment modalities, including DBT, ACT, and CBT.
Kathy is a Licensed Social Worker and Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist with a Master’s degree in Social Work from Aurora University. She has extensive experience in therapeutic mental health settings, including residential, inpatient, and outpatient programs, and has worked with survivors of domestic violence. Kathy uses various treatment modalities, including DBT, ACT, and CBT.
(708) 765-6435 View (708) 765-6435
Photo of Kimberly Briney - Mental Edge Counseling LLC, PsyD, RDDP, Psychologist
Mental Edge Counseling LLC
Psychologist, PsyD, RDDP
Verified Verified
Mokena, IL 60448
Kimberly specializes in numerous mental health issues, including: Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Anxiety, PTSD, Anger Issues, Relationship issues, and Personality and Behavior Disorders. Over the years, Kimberly has gained expertise with several specialty areas and populations in mental health, including co-occurring disorders, trauma-informed/ gender-responsive treatment, and has significant experience working with diverse populations. Kimberly also has expertise working with clients with substance abuse struggles and is a Registered Dual Disorder Professional (RDDP).
Kimberly specializes in numerous mental health issues, including: Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Anxiety, PTSD, Anger Issues, Relationship issues, and Personality and Behavior Disorders. Over the years, Kimberly has gained expertise with several specialty areas and populations in mental health, including co-occurring disorders, trauma-informed/ gender-responsive treatment, and has significant experience working with diverse populations. Kimberly also has expertise working with clients with substance abuse struggles and is a Registered Dual Disorder Professional (RDDP).
(708) 742-7166 View (708) 742-7166
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Mokena, IL

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Mokena, IL who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
93% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
74% Coping Skills
70% Grief
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

96% BlueCross and BlueShield
74% Aetna
64% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Mokena, IL see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Mokena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.