Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Karyn Adelstein, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Karyn Adelstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90048
If you are feeling overwhelmed, burned out, anxious, depressed, irritable or fatigued, these are key indicators that what was working before, isn’t working anymore. When you can no longer fix it on your own, or you are struggling to get by, you need new tools, and I will help you create them. I specialize in working with professionals in high stress careers, teen and pre-teen girls, and those experiencing grief and loss. I tailor each of my client's treatment specifically to who you are, choosing therapeutic modalities and strategies that align with your unique personality and way of thinking.
If you are feeling overwhelmed, burned out, anxious, depressed, irritable or fatigued, these are key indicators that what was working before, isn’t working anymore. When you can no longer fix it on your own, or you are struggling to get by, you need new tools, and I will help you create them. I specialize in working with professionals in high stress careers, teen and pre-teen girls, and those experiencing grief and loss. I tailor each of my client's treatment specifically to who you are, choosing therapeutic modalities and strategies that align with your unique personality and way of thinking.
(424) 286-3057 View (424) 286-3057
Photo of Allison M Stepka, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Allison M Stepka
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90066
Perhaps you're down or anxious, maybe you're unsure about the future of a relationship, or just feel that you aren't living the life you are meant to lead. Whatever your needs may be, I am here to offer support. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery, and in my sessions I promote behavioral transformation by changing your relationship with your thoughts, feelings, and yourself by utilizing an Acceptance and Commitment Therapeutic Approach. Together, you can take the next step to a better future!
Perhaps you're down or anxious, maybe you're unsure about the future of a relationship, or just feel that you aren't living the life you are meant to lead. Whatever your needs may be, I am here to offer support. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery, and in my sessions I promote behavioral transformation by changing your relationship with your thoughts, feelings, and yourself by utilizing an Acceptance and Commitment Therapeutic Approach. Together, you can take the next step to a better future!
(424) 484-6902 View (424) 484-6902
Photo of Jo Ann Brandon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jo Ann Brandon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), based in California, with over 30 years experience providing psychotherapy to adults, adolescents, and couples. I help individuals gain insight into their thoughts , feelings, and behaviors so they can successfully revise their choices and experiences.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), based in California, with over 30 years experience providing psychotherapy to adults, adolescents, and couples. I help individuals gain insight into their thoughts , feelings, and behaviors so they can successfully revise their choices and experiences.
(562) 512-7178 View (562) 512-7178
Photo of Andrew Flynn, Pre-Licensed Professional
Andrew Flynn
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90045  (Online Only)
As a Marriage and Family Therapist Trainee at the Center for Mental Health Excellence (CFMHE), my priority is to create a strong therapeutic alliance with my clients, built on compassion, empathy, and understanding. I offer a supportive presence and a safe space where your experiences are acknowledged and respected. My practice integrates evidence-based strategies, combining insights from past experiences with practical solutions for present challenges. I advocate a holistic approach to well-being, encompassing mental, emotional, and spiritual health. My diverse background fosters appreciation for various cultures and perspectives.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist Trainee at the Center for Mental Health Excellence (CFMHE), my priority is to create a strong therapeutic alliance with my clients, built on compassion, empathy, and understanding. I offer a supportive presence and a safe space where your experiences are acknowledged and respected. My practice integrates evidence-based strategies, combining insights from past experiences with practical solutions for present challenges. I advocate a holistic approach to well-being, encompassing mental, emotional, and spiritual health. My diverse background fosters appreciation for various cultures and perspectives.
(424) 587-1941 View (424) 587-1941
Photo of Laura C. Westmoreland, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Laura C. Westmoreland
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90012  (Online Only)
My specialty comes down to one thing: the ability to build relationships. I am a firm believer that it is the relationship that you and I build that brings about change, growth, and healing.
My specialty comes down to one thing: the ability to build relationships. I am a firm believer that it is the relationship that you and I build that brings about change, growth, and healing.
(213) 732-3396 View (213) 732-3396
Photo of Oliver Viboolkij - Oliver Viboolkij & Associates, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Oliver Viboolkij & Associates
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90048
Unlike psychiatry where medication is prescribed to prevent your feelings from being experienced, my practice is focused on understanding what our symptoms are telling us with the intent to implement personal change within ourselves and/or our environments. Professionally bringing our attention to psychological symptoms puts us in direct contact with conflicts we may not be aware of, which enables us to make conscious-informed choices.
Unlike psychiatry where medication is prescribed to prevent your feelings from being experienced, my practice is focused on understanding what our symptoms are telling us with the intent to implement personal change within ourselves and/or our environments. Professionally bringing our attention to psychological symptoms puts us in direct contact with conflicts we may not be aware of, which enables us to make conscious-informed choices.
(323) 430-9062 View (323) 430-9062
Photo of Shlomit Yelin-Arber, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shlomit Yelin-Arber
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90039
If you are reading this, I can only assume that you have been thinking about starting therapy for a while, but keep putting it off. The hardest part is making that first phone call. It requires us to acknowledge that our life is not where we wanted it to be.
If you are reading this, I can only assume that you have been thinking about starting therapy for a while, but keep putting it off. The hardest part is making that first phone call. It requires us to acknowledge that our life is not where we wanted it to be.
(424) 218-1539 View (424) 218-1539
Photo of Cesar Lagleva, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cesar Lagleva
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in California. I have been practicing for 23+ years both in the public and private sectors. When I am not providing psychotherapy, I am an educator, and lead or co-lead trainings, workshops and seminars and on the topics Diversity-Equity-Inclusion (DEI) with a focus on race, class and gender, using both clinical and social justice lenses (perspectives) for organizations, communities and public/private institutions.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in California. I have been practicing for 23+ years both in the public and private sectors. When I am not providing psychotherapy, I am an educator, and lead or co-lead trainings, workshops and seminars and on the topics Diversity-Equity-Inclusion (DEI) with a focus on race, class and gender, using both clinical and social justice lenses (perspectives) for organizations, communities and public/private institutions.
(562) 669-3987 View (562) 669-3987
Photo of Denise Rockwell, PhD, BCBA-D, Psychologist
Denise Rockwell
Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90042
Rockwell Psychological Services offers psychological and psychoeducational evaluations and treatment for children ages 2-18, as well as individual, family, and couples therapy for adults. Parent training and education are central to our practice, as we believe that the most substantial and sustained change in child behavior comes when families are empowered to take strategies learned in therapy sessions and apply them to real life situations. We collaborate closely with medical, educational, and clinical providers both during the assessment and treatment process to ensure that families are fully supported.
Rockwell Psychological Services offers psychological and psychoeducational evaluations and treatment for children ages 2-18, as well as individual, family, and couples therapy for adults. Parent training and education are central to our practice, as we believe that the most substantial and sustained change in child behavior comes when families are empowered to take strategies learned in therapy sessions and apply them to real life situations. We collaborate closely with medical, educational, and clinical providers both during the assessment and treatment process to ensure that families are fully supported.
(213) 660-4743 View (213) 660-4743
Photo of Renee Feiger, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Renee Feiger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Is this a critical time or are you feeling stuck? At various times in our lives we reach a crossroad. Changes in your relationships, your work, your finances or about planning your future can cause anxiety and stress. I have successfully worked with people during these transitions. In treatment, I follow a holistic approach using various modalities such as psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral techniques, and coaching. We will identify your road blocks by exploring your worries and your fears, providing you with coping skills to achieve the life you want.
Is this a critical time or are you feeling stuck? At various times in our lives we reach a crossroad. Changes in your relationships, your work, your finances or about planning your future can cause anxiety and stress. I have successfully worked with people during these transitions. In treatment, I follow a holistic approach using various modalities such as psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral techniques, and coaching. We will identify your road blocks by exploring your worries and your fears, providing you with coping skills to achieve the life you want.
(310) 494-2858 View (310) 494-2858
Photo of Konstance Castle, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Konstance Castle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90065  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
In a society with high standards, caregiving challenges, and demanding work environments, it is easy to forget about our own well-being. It can even appear more convenient to put our mental health on the back-burner, but if we disregard self-care it can lead to a burnout. Burnout can lead to mental exhaustion, cynicism, detachment, and depression. Furthermore, when we are burnt out, the light we shine on and for others is diminished. I can assist and support you in working through hardships that may cause you frustration, have you in a burnout state, and/or make it difficult for you to manage daily tasks.
In a society with high standards, caregiving challenges, and demanding work environments, it is easy to forget about our own well-being. It can even appear more convenient to put our mental health on the back-burner, but if we disregard self-care it can lead to a burnout. Burnout can lead to mental exhaustion, cynicism, detachment, and depression. Furthermore, when we are burnt out, the light we shine on and for others is diminished. I can assist and support you in working through hardships that may cause you frustration, have you in a burnout state, and/or make it difficult for you to manage daily tasks.
(213) 561-6266 View (213) 561-6266
Photo of Stephanie Holz, LMFT, MA, MFA, EFT, EFTCT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stephanie Holz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MFA, EFT, EFTCT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90049
In addition to individual work, we specialize in couples therapy. Our work with couples is focused on strengthening relationships by understanding patterns of conflict. We explore each partner’s internal experience of conflict, helping couples to release defensive patterns and assisting them in communicating in a manner which fosters empathy and connection. Sessions are directive and focused, and include practical skills which build secure attachment. These sessions are based on the Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT) model. Sessions are in-person or via telehealth.
In addition to individual work, we specialize in couples therapy. Our work with couples is focused on strengthening relationships by understanding patterns of conflict. We explore each partner’s internal experience of conflict, helping couples to release defensive patterns and assisting them in communicating in a manner which fosters empathy and connection. Sessions are directive and focused, and include practical skills which build secure attachment. These sessions are based on the Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT) model. Sessions are in-person or via telehealth.
(424) 622-3487 View (424) 622-3487
Photo of Nina Gonzaga, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nina Gonzaga
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90042  (Online Only)
I hold the sacredness of authenticity, humaning alongside other humans. I focus on working with women, particularly women of color, to show up to the brutal, sweaty, and liberating work of tending to your life while challenging oppressive systems that want humans to stay small. Together, we examine trauma and pain with self-compassion, address avoidance, build vocabulary around emotions to expand your knowing, and work together to enrich relational bonds. I would love to hold space for you! I am licensed and available to work with residents of California and Washington.
I hold the sacredness of authenticity, humaning alongside other humans. I focus on working with women, particularly women of color, to show up to the brutal, sweaty, and liberating work of tending to your life while challenging oppressive systems that want humans to stay small. Together, we examine trauma and pain with self-compassion, address avoidance, build vocabulary around emotions to expand your knowing, and work together to enrich relational bonds. I would love to hold space for you! I am licensed and available to work with residents of California and Washington.
(323) 366-3723 View (323) 366-3723
Photo of Kenneth Starr - Bicycle Health, MD
Bicycle Health
MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Bicycle Health exists to treat all patients with opioid use disorder. Many people who have been taking opioids can become dependent on these substances, and opioids can start to take control of their life. They have cravings, think about opioids all the time, and are unable to fulfill their daily responsibilities, like going to work or taking care of friends and family. It becomes an “all consuming disease”. Anyone struggling with opioid use disorder who is seeking convenient, discreet, non-judgmental treatment may be a good fit for Bicycle Health.
Bicycle Health exists to treat all patients with opioid use disorder. Many people who have been taking opioids can become dependent on these substances, and opioids can start to take control of their life. They have cravings, think about opioids all the time, and are unable to fulfill their daily responsibilities, like going to work or taking care of friends and family. It becomes an “all consuming disease”. Anyone struggling with opioid use disorder who is seeking convenient, discreet, non-judgmental treatment may be a good fit for Bicycle Health.
(562) 568-7678 View (562) 568-7678
Photo of Marissa Tunis - Dr. Marissa Tunis, Ketamine-Assisted Therapist, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Marissa Tunis, Ketamine-Assisted Therapist
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Everything feels harder than it needs to be, as if you are trudging through life with a heavy weight on your back. Days go by, but life feels slow, muted and sad - many days you just want to give up. After trying so many treatments and therapies, hopelessness has started to set in. But there is a part of you who wants to live - and wants to live with joy and purpose. You know it's time to heal from traumas, problematic family dynamics, limiting beliefs and insecurities - because you're sick of trudging through! You are ready to be the main character in your story again!
Everything feels harder than it needs to be, as if you are trudging through life with a heavy weight on your back. Days go by, but life feels slow, muted and sad - many days you just want to give up. After trying so many treatments and therapies, hopelessness has started to set in. But there is a part of you who wants to live - and wants to live with joy and purpose. You know it's time to heal from traumas, problematic family dynamics, limiting beliefs and insecurities - because you're sick of trudging through! You are ready to be the main character in your story again!
(424) 622-6457 View (424) 622-6457
Photo of Rachelle Surmani, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Rachelle Surmani
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90029
When was the last time you felt like someone genuinely heard you? Are your experiences often dismissed because someone else has it worse? Without the proper tools or support, many people learn to deal with their traumas and intergenerational/inherited self-limiting beliefs by seeking out substances and compulsive behaviors. Separated by stigma, trauma and addictive behaviors can make people feel isolated and like they are just going through the motions, living life on autopilot. But you don’t have to walk your path alone.
When was the last time you felt like someone genuinely heard you? Are your experiences often dismissed because someone else has it worse? Without the proper tools or support, many people learn to deal with their traumas and intergenerational/inherited self-limiting beliefs by seeking out substances and compulsive behaviors. Separated by stigma, trauma and addictive behaviors can make people feel isolated and like they are just going through the motions, living life on autopilot. But you don’t have to walk your path alone.
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Photo of Evan K McCrary, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Evan K McCrary
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Where trauma and oppressive systems fragment and disconnect, this work offers a reminder and an invitation back to our inherent fullness. In our sessions together, you can get raw, vulnerable, and foster deeper intimacy, connection, compassion, understanding and knowledge of yourself. Together, we will co-create a brave space and collaborate in the healing work. You creating a pleasurable life is a key component to you living your most fulfilled life. This courageous choice to seek your healing is about us both being present to bear witness to the growth and creation of you.
Where trauma and oppressive systems fragment and disconnect, this work offers a reminder and an invitation back to our inherent fullness. In our sessions together, you can get raw, vulnerable, and foster deeper intimacy, connection, compassion, understanding and knowledge of yourself. Together, we will co-create a brave space and collaborate in the healing work. You creating a pleasurable life is a key component to you living your most fulfilled life. This courageous choice to seek your healing is about us both being present to bear witness to the growth and creation of you.
(424) 688-6352 View (424) 688-6352
Photo of Navah Elyasian, EMDR, Certifi, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Navah Elyasian
Marriage & Family Therapist, EMDR, Certifi, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90048
You have had regular talk therapy for years, but you did not get the results that you need. As a Certified EMDR therapist, I will help you rewire your nervous system & move from survival mode (fight-flight-freeze-fawn) to a productive mode (emotional regulation- critical thinking- decision making - creative), thus leading the life that you desire. This evidenced based modality heals attachment traumas which are the roots of current symptoms. I specialize in Inner Child and Parts Work, Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM), somatic based therapy & Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (Advanced Attachment Based Couples Therapy)
You have had regular talk therapy for years, but you did not get the results that you need. As a Certified EMDR therapist, I will help you rewire your nervous system & move from survival mode (fight-flight-freeze-fawn) to a productive mode (emotional regulation- critical thinking- decision making - creative), thus leading the life that you desire. This evidenced based modality heals attachment traumas which are the roots of current symptoms. I specialize in Inner Child and Parts Work, Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM), somatic based therapy & Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (Advanced Attachment Based Couples Therapy)
(424) 532-7715 View (424) 532-7715
Photo of Prerna Martin, PhD, MPH
Prerna Martin
Registered Psychological Associate, PhD, MPH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
I specialize in evidence-based treatments for children, teens, and young adults with anxiety, OCD, depression, trauma, eating disorders, and behavior problems. I have extensive experience working with clients from diverse, multicultural backgrounds. I strive to provide therapy that is grounded in science, while honoring the unique needs of each individual. My approach is deeply relational, and I aim to create a safe, non-judgmental space for you to understand your struggles and learn new tools. I am passionate about empowering clients to face their fears, change unhelpful patterns, heal from trauma, and develop more self-compassion.
I specialize in evidence-based treatments for children, teens, and young adults with anxiety, OCD, depression, trauma, eating disorders, and behavior problems. I have extensive experience working with clients from diverse, multicultural backgrounds. I strive to provide therapy that is grounded in science, while honoring the unique needs of each individual. My approach is deeply relational, and I aim to create a safe, non-judgmental space for you to understand your struggles and learn new tools. I am passionate about empowering clients to face their fears, change unhelpful patterns, heal from trauma, and develop more self-compassion.
(424) 203-0676 View (424) 203-0676
Photo of William Marek, LCP, Psychologist
William Marek
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 91335
William K Marek. California psychologist number 14791. I primarily use a cognitive behavioral approach. My focus area of practice is helping clients improve! I listen a lot and then help people help themselves. I am directive and responsive. There is the problem and there’s how you think about the problem. For most folks, the latter is the bigger problem. That’s the bad news… and the good news! Change does not have to take a long time. I’m comfortable with all kinds of clients. I’m good at helping people find purpose and meaning in their lives. My sessions are calm, collegial, interactive, respectful, directive and helpful.
William K Marek. California psychologist number 14791. I primarily use a cognitive behavioral approach. My focus area of practice is helping clients improve! I listen a lot and then help people help themselves. I am directive and responsive. There is the problem and there’s how you think about the problem. For most folks, the latter is the bigger problem. That’s the bad news… and the good news! Change does not have to take a long time. I’m comfortable with all kinds of clients. I’m good at helping people find purpose and meaning in their lives. My sessions are calm, collegial, interactive, respectful, directive and helpful.
(747) 281-3783 View (747) 281-3783
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.