Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Sullivans Island, SC

Photo of Kathleen Mueller, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathleen Mueller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
Many of my clients seek treatment for Depression, Anxiety, Addiction, Trauma related disorders, and relationship difficulties.
My practice provides a conveniently located, safe and caring place for clients to work through life's struggles. Having experience as a personal trainer and a strong cognitive-behavioral therapy background, I am passionate about how physical health impacts a person's mental well-being and strive to integrate both in order to help clients achieve goals they have set to improve the quality of their lives. The therapy process is a collaborative experience between an individual and myself that involves identifying unhelpful feelings and thoughts in order to develop positive coping strategies and utilize current strengths.
Many of my clients seek treatment for Depression, Anxiety, Addiction, Trauma related disorders, and relationship difficulties.
My practice provides a conveniently located, safe and caring place for clients to work through life's struggles. Having experience as a personal trainer and a strong cognitive-behavioral therapy background, I am passionate about how physical health impacts a person's mental well-being and strive to integrate both in order to help clients achieve goals they have set to improve the quality of their lives. The therapy process is a collaborative experience between an individual and myself that involves identifying unhelpful feelings and thoughts in order to develop positive coping strategies and utilize current strengths.
(843) 203-8332 View (843) 203-8332
Photo of David Kalergis, LPC, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
David Kalergis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
I work with children as young as age 4 on a variety of issues including: worrying/anxiety, feelings of sadness, frustration, loneliness, adjustment, perfectionism, divorce, separation and other big transitions, social challenges, difficulty making friends, keeping friends, trauma, difficulties with behavior/defiance, explosive and angry outburst/tempers.
I am a licensed therapist in Charleston, SC with a private practice in Mount Pleasant. I offer private therapy sessions for children, adolescents and adults, as well as parent coaching and guidance. My passion is helping children and adults thrive in reaching their personal, academic, behavioral, and family oriented goals.
I work with children as young as age 4 on a variety of issues including: worrying/anxiety, feelings of sadness, frustration, loneliness, adjustment, perfectionism, divorce, separation and other big transitions, social challenges, difficulty making friends, keeping friends, trauma, difficulties with behavior/defiance, explosive and angry outburst/tempers.
I am a licensed therapist in Charleston, SC with a private practice in Mount Pleasant. I offer private therapy sessions for children, adolescents and adults, as well as parent coaching and guidance. My passion is helping children and adults thrive in reaching their personal, academic, behavioral, and family oriented goals.
(843) 548-8466 View (843) 548-8466
Photo of Lenna Jawdat, LICSW, EMDR-C, RYT200, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lenna Jawdat
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, EMDR-C, RYT200
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
I'm trained in brain-body techniques such as EMDR and trauma sensitive yoga that help us to access trauma stored in the body and calm the nervous system.
I believe in our innate power to heal and grow from difficult life experiences. Whether you've experienced a trauma recently or many years ago, these experiences may continue to impact you in the present: physically, emotionally, psychologically and relationally. I offer a gentle, collaborative and affirming space to access and work through past events, however they show up, as well as for self-exploration and personal growth. I pay attention to the ways in which issues of identity (race, class, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, ability, size, etc.) may impact your experience. I am licensed in DC, CT, SC, DE.
I'm trained in brain-body techniques such as EMDR and trauma sensitive yoga that help us to access trauma stored in the body and calm the nervous system.
I believe in our innate power to heal and grow from difficult life experiences. Whether you've experienced a trauma recently or many years ago, these experiences may continue to impact you in the present: physically, emotionally, psychologically and relationally. I offer a gentle, collaborative and affirming space to access and work through past events, however they show up, as well as for self-exploration and personal growth. I pay attention to the ways in which issues of identity (race, class, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, ability, size, etc.) may impact your experience. I am licensed in DC, CT, SC, DE.
(202) 838-4899 View (202) 838-4899
Photo of Theresa Wheeler - Certified In Brainspotting, LPC/S, LAC/S, MAC,  CS, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Theresa Wheeler - Certified In Brainspotting
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC/S, LAC/S, MAC, CS, LCPC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
Trauma treatment through Brainspotting, Cognitive Processing Therapy , and Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Trauma has brought a desire for change, healing, and to find yourself again. You are ready to set down the mask formed by trauma and allow for the deeper healing of the parts of you that have been longing for care, compassion, love and acceptance. Desiring authenticity and connection that comes from inner healing. I work with clients who experience trauma, depression, anxiety, self-harm / suicidal ideation, substance use disorders and more. I will walk with you as you work to connect with your true self. Empowering you to address the issues that brought you into therapy.
Trauma treatment through Brainspotting, Cognitive Processing Therapy , and Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Trauma has brought a desire for change, healing, and to find yourself again. You are ready to set down the mask formed by trauma and allow for the deeper healing of the parts of you that have been longing for care, compassion, love and acceptance. Desiring authenticity and connection that comes from inner healing. I work with clients who experience trauma, depression, anxiety, self-harm / suicidal ideation, substance use disorders and more. I will walk with you as you work to connect with your true self. Empowering you to address the issues that brought you into therapy.
(864) 719-3683 View (864) 719-3683
Photo of Sandra Knapp, LPC, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sandra Knapp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPC-S
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
We will incorporate trauma-focused approaches (EMDR, PIT, ego state, TF-CBT) in working through life transitions, traumatic stress, addictions, and relationship issues.
Do you often feel responsible for everyone and everything? Accompanied by feelings of guilt and shame if you can’t do it all. Do thoughts of failure or not being good enough often cross your mind? It seems like you've tried everything, but nothing seems to work, at least not for long. It is likely that you have hidden your difficult feelings behind rigid emotional walls for years. It can be difficult to reach out to a therapist and share your vulnerable self. Therapeutic relationship is the largest factor in facilitating change, so I understand the importance of finding the right fit.
We will incorporate trauma-focused approaches (EMDR, PIT, ego state, TF-CBT) in working through life transitions, traumatic stress, addictions, and relationship issues.
Do you often feel responsible for everyone and everything? Accompanied by feelings of guilt and shame if you can’t do it all. Do thoughts of failure or not being good enough often cross your mind? It seems like you've tried everything, but nothing seems to work, at least not for long. It is likely that you have hidden your difficult feelings behind rigid emotional walls for years. It can be difficult to reach out to a therapist and share your vulnerable self. Therapeutic relationship is the largest factor in facilitating change, so I understand the importance of finding the right fit.
(843) 258-4813 View (843) 258-4813
Photo of Tara Estes, LPC, Counselor
Tara Estes
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
I specialize in working with clients who have experienced different types of trauma, and understand how difficult it can be to just get through the day.
Stress from work and anxiety about the future combined with everything else going on in life can cause you major strain and lead to burnout. Sometimes you just need someone to talk through your week with. As your therapist, I am here to listen to your struggles and help you achieve mental clarity in your life. When obligations and responsibilities seem to be too much to handle, we will work together to create a plan to overcome these obstacles and regain a sense of control in your life. The effects of trauma can linger for many years and get in the way of living a happy, meaningful life.
I specialize in working with clients who have experienced different types of trauma, and understand how difficult it can be to just get through the day.
Stress from work and anxiety about the future combined with everything else going on in life can cause you major strain and lead to burnout. Sometimes you just need someone to talk through your week with. As your therapist, I am here to listen to your struggles and help you achieve mental clarity in your life. When obligations and responsibilities seem to be too much to handle, we will work together to create a plan to overcome these obstacles and regain a sense of control in your life. The effects of trauma can linger for many years and get in the way of living a happy, meaningful life.
(843) 483-6213 View (843) 483-6213
Photo of Christina Ward, PsyD, Psychologist
Christina Ward
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
Christina uses EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), an evidenced-based treatment to process trauma.
Christina Ward is a psychologist who has been licensed since 2017. She graduated from the University of St. Thomas in Minneapolis, MN in 2015 where she received her doctorate in counseling psychology. Christina completed her pre-doctoral internship in 2015 at the University of Kentucky. In 2017 she completed her post-doctoral training at MUSC. Christina believes that trauma is common and can go unnoticed for years. Often as a result of prolonged untreated trauma, anxiety and depression symptoms may begin to surface and impact an individual's quality of life.
Christina uses EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), an evidenced-based treatment to process trauma.
Christina Ward is a psychologist who has been licensed since 2017. She graduated from the University of St. Thomas in Minneapolis, MN in 2015 where she received her doctorate in counseling psychology. Christina completed her pre-doctoral internship in 2015 at the University of Kentucky. In 2017 she completed her post-doctoral training at MUSC. Christina believes that trauma is common and can go unnoticed for years. Often as a result of prolonged untreated trauma, anxiety and depression symptoms may begin to surface and impact an individual's quality of life.
(843) 887-1261 View (843) 887-1261
Photo of Tracey Fournier, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tracey Fournier
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
Tracey Fournier earned her undergraduate degree in psychology at Eastern Washington University and her Masters in Professional Counseling at Liberty University. Tracey has been living in the lowcountry for 15 years and enjoys traveling and spending time with her Husband and three children. Tracey specializes in treating trauma and PTSD, but also treats depression, anxiety, ADHD, and other disorders.
Tracey Fournier earned her undergraduate degree in psychology at Eastern Washington University and her Masters in Professional Counseling at Liberty University. Tracey has been living in the lowcountry for 15 years and enjoys traveling and spending time with her Husband and three children. Tracey specializes in treating trauma and PTSD, but also treats depression, anxiety, ADHD, and other disorders.
(843) 418-9778 View (843) 418-9778
Photo of Audrey Godfrey, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Audrey Godfrey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
I am accepting new clients! Are you feeling stressed, stuck, insecure, or overwhelmed? Let's talk! I believe in my clients' ability to learn, grow, and make “mind-style” changes that lead to emotional fitness, mental flexibility, and transformational healing. Whether you are seeking counseling for discouraging patterns of negative thoughts or behavior, childhood issues, relational discord, or trauma, my goal is to help you identify and overcome limiting beliefs so you can feel more authentic, empowered, and self-confident.
I am accepting new clients! Are you feeling stressed, stuck, insecure, or overwhelmed? Let's talk! I believe in my clients' ability to learn, grow, and make “mind-style” changes that lead to emotional fitness, mental flexibility, and transformational healing. Whether you are seeking counseling for discouraging patterns of negative thoughts or behavior, childhood issues, relational discord, or trauma, my goal is to help you identify and overcome limiting beliefs so you can feel more authentic, empowered, and self-confident.
(843) 892-5851 View (843) 892-5851
Photo of Jill Bias, MA, LMFT , Marriage & Family Therapist
Jill Bias
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
Whether it's improving communication, resolving conflicts, or strengthening relationships, we will do it all together! I’ve worked extensively with relational complexities, eating disorders, addiction, trauma, mood disorders, and the impact these have on relationships.
With over 14 years of experience, I have spent my career helping individuals, couples, and families work through life’s ups and downs. I believe the most important part of therapy is the connection between the therapist and client. As a team, we will work together to explore areas of your life and relationships that aren’t bringing you the fulfillment you deserve.
Whether it's improving communication, resolving conflicts, or strengthening relationships, we will do it all together! I’ve worked extensively with relational complexities, eating disorders, addiction, trauma, mood disorders, and the impact these have on relationships.
With over 14 years of experience, I have spent my career helping individuals, couples, and families work through life’s ups and downs. I believe the most important part of therapy is the connection between the therapist and client. As a team, we will work together to explore areas of your life and relationships that aren’t bringing you the fulfillment you deserve.
(843) 920-6721 View (843) 920-6721
Photo of Crystal Ann Hank, PsyD, LP, She, Her, Hers, Psychologist
Crystal Ann Hank
Psychologist, PsyD, LP, She, Her, Hers
Verified Verified
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
I enjoy tailoring my approach and creating a warm, welcoming environment for work with clients who have a variety of concerns that may lead them to seek counseling including anxiety, depression, trauma,identity development, LGBTQ+ concerns, adjustment to new life stressors, stress management, grief and loss, body image concerns, and working with those who are going through the process for bariatric surgery, or are adjusting to the post-operative lifestyle. I also have two clinicians who work for my practice, under my supervision, who use a similar approach as I do, so I can refer easily in the event my schedule is full!
I enjoy tailoring my approach and creating a warm, welcoming environment for work with clients who have a variety of concerns that may lead them to seek counseling including anxiety, depression, trauma,identity development, LGBTQ+ concerns, adjustment to new life stressors, stress management, grief and loss, body image concerns, and working with those who are going through the process for bariatric surgery, or are adjusting to the post-operative lifestyle. I also have two clinicians who work for my practice, under my supervision, who use a similar approach as I do, so I can refer easily in the event my schedule is full!
(843) 800-0954 View (843) 800-0954
Photo of Shannon Loftin, MA, LPC-A, NCC
Shannon Loftin
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sullivans Island, SC 29482  (Online Only)
As a trauma-informed therapist, I work with clients who are looking for resources to process all levels of trauma.
Life can often feel overwhelming, hard, and confusing. Therapy provides the space and the tools we need to heal and live a more authentic life where we feel seen, known, and loved for who we truly are. By looking back through stories of pain and trauma and what you have had to do in order to survive, we are able to rewrite a story where kindness and honor can be invited in.
As a trauma-informed therapist, I work with clients who are looking for resources to process all levels of trauma.
Life can often feel overwhelming, hard, and confusing. Therapy provides the space and the tools we need to heal and live a more authentic life where we feel seen, known, and loved for who we truly are. By looking back through stories of pain and trauma and what you have had to do in order to survive, we are able to rewrite a story where kindness and honor can be invited in.
(843) 428-2062 View (843) 428-2062
Photo of Joel Dean, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joel Dean
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sullivans Island, SC 29482  (Online Only)
Are there areas of your life or relationship that are overwhelmed by stress, hurt, or fear? Have you found yourself or your partner engaging in things like excessive drinking, food, sex, internet use, or shopping to find relief or to escape? Is your relationship suffering from a lack of communication, trust, intimacy or betrayal? As a Marriage and Family Therapist I treat individuals, couples, and families with specific consideration of their context and the role it plays in their current struggles. I treat individual and relationship issues around anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, life adjustments, communication, and trust.
Are there areas of your life or relationship that are overwhelmed by stress, hurt, or fear? Have you found yourself or your partner engaging in things like excessive drinking, food, sex, internet use, or shopping to find relief or to escape? Is your relationship suffering from a lack of communication, trust, intimacy or betrayal? As a Marriage and Family Therapist I treat individuals, couples, and families with specific consideration of their context and the role it plays in their current struggles. I treat individual and relationship issues around anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, life adjustments, communication, and trust.
(803) 598-1029 View (803) 598-1029
Photo of Elizabeth Kerr, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Kerr
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sullivans Island, SC 29482  (Online Only)
My work focuses on trauma-informed, sex-positive, and intersectional identity development.
If you are grappling with issues related to gender identity exploration, sexuality, coming out, or navigating relationships, my practice is a safe haven for you to express your thoughts and feelings. I believe in the transformative power of therapy and the strength that comes from embracing one's true self. Humans need other humans, and you need a place of safety. Whether you are seeking support individually or within a relationship, I am here to help you experience the intricacies of your journey with empathy, understanding, and expertise.
My work focuses on trauma-informed, sex-positive, and intersectional identity development.
If you are grappling with issues related to gender identity exploration, sexuality, coming out, or navigating relationships, my practice is a safe haven for you to express your thoughts and feelings. I believe in the transformative power of therapy and the strength that comes from embracing one's true self. Humans need other humans, and you need a place of safety. Whether you are seeking support individually or within a relationship, I am here to help you experience the intricacies of your journey with empathy, understanding, and expertise.
(803) 373-9618 View (803) 373-9618
Photo of Dana Avallone, LISW-CP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dana Avallone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-CP
Verified Verified
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
Dana is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 2015. She graduated from the University of Southern California with a Master of Social Work degree. Dana believes in person-centered approaches to therapy, meaning the focus is on the client and what the client is capable of, and not just their symptoms and conditions.
Dana is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 2015. She graduated from the University of Southern California with a Master of Social Work degree. Dana believes in person-centered approaches to therapy, meaning the focus is on the client and what the client is capable of, and not just their symptoms and conditions.
(843) 242-0298 View (843) 242-0298
Photo of Landrie H Ethredge - Landrie Ethredge Counseling Group, MA, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Landrie Ethredge Counseling Group
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
You are a millennial woman living in Charleston and you know you “should” be happy... But the truth is, you are struggling so much. On paper everything seems great! You have a decent job, a few friends... but inside you feel like you are absolutely losing it. You feel lost, stuck, and miserable too much of the time. Your life isn't where you want it to be. Panic attacks have become the norm. You cry more than you'd like to admit. And yeah, maybe a glass of wine is the best part of your day.
You are a millennial woman living in Charleston and you know you “should” be happy... But the truth is, you are struggling so much. On paper everything seems great! You have a decent job, a few friends... but inside you feel like you are absolutely losing it. You feel lost, stuck, and miserable too much of the time. Your life isn't where you want it to be. Panic attacks have become the norm. You cry more than you'd like to admit. And yeah, maybe a glass of wine is the best part of your day.
(843) 287-9199 View (843) 287-9199
Photo of Victoria Mamin, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Victoria Mamin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
Victoria Mamin, LISWCP, is dedicated to helping clients navigate the complexities of their lives by uncovering the barriers that stand between them and their ideal selves. Serving adults (18+) and seniors and in South Carolina, Victoria specializes in assisting individuals who feel "stuck," empowering them to gradually grow into the person they were born to become.
Victoria Mamin, LISWCP, is dedicated to helping clients navigate the complexities of their lives by uncovering the barriers that stand between them and their ideal selves. Serving adults (18+) and seniors and in South Carolina, Victoria specializes in assisting individuals who feel "stuck," empowering them to gradually grow into the person they were born to become.
(855) 252-6396 View (855) 252-6396
Photo of Rebecca McVey, PsyD, Psychologist
Rebecca McVey
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
Dr. Rebecca McVey is a Licensed Psychologist, Nationally Certified School Psychologist, and BoardCertified Behavior Analyst in South Carolina who has been practicing since 2024. She has a Bachelors in Special Education from Appalachian State University, and a Masters in School Psychology and Doctor of Psychology in School Psychology from University of Colorado Denver. Dr. McVey’s specialty is in Pediatric Psychology. She began her career as a special education teacher serving children on the autism spectrum.
Dr. Rebecca McVey is a Licensed Psychologist, Nationally Certified School Psychologist, and BoardCertified Behavior Analyst in South Carolina who has been practicing since 2024. She has a Bachelors in Special Education from Appalachian State University, and a Masters in School Psychology and Doctor of Psychology in School Psychology from University of Colorado Denver. Dr. McVey’s specialty is in Pediatric Psychology. She began her career as a special education teacher serving children on the autism spectrum.
(843) 773-4733 View (843) 773-4733
Photo of Johnna Bolender, MS,  LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Johnna Bolender
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
Johnna Bolender is a Licensed Professional Counselor in South Carolina who has been practicing since 2019. Johnna tailors her approach to the needs of each individual client. She tries to create a comfortable and safe atmosphere for her clients to come in and share what they wanted to come to therapy for. Outside of work, Johnna enjoys pickleball, music, crafting, hanging out with friends and family, hanging out with her dog, and hanging out at the beach.
Johnna Bolender is a Licensed Professional Counselor in South Carolina who has been practicing since 2019. Johnna tailors her approach to the needs of each individual client. She tries to create a comfortable and safe atmosphere for her clients to come in and share what they wanted to come to therapy for. Outside of work, Johnna enjoys pickleball, music, crafting, hanging out with friends and family, hanging out with her dog, and hanging out at the beach.
(843) 517-6646 View (843) 517-6646
Photo of Sarah Stevens, PhD, Psychologist
Sarah Stevens
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sullivans Island, SC 29482
Sarah Stevens is a Psychologist in South Carolina who has been practicing since 2008. She studied at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and West Virginia University. Sarah is able to provide a variety of assessments and testing to aid with diagnosis and treatment planning, for adults, adolescents, and children. Outside of work, Sarah is a huge Disney fan (parks, movies, etc. ). She loves spending time with her family, putting together puzzles, and is a pop culture nerd.
Sarah Stevens is a Psychologist in South Carolina who has been practicing since 2008. She studied at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and West Virginia University. Sarah is able to provide a variety of assessments and testing to aid with diagnosis and treatment planning, for adults, adolescents, and children. Outside of work, Sarah is a huge Disney fan (parks, movies, etc. ). She loves spending time with her family, putting together puzzles, and is a pop culture nerd.
(843) 874-8350 View (843) 874-8350
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Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.