Therapists in San Pedro, CA

Photo of Nina Ashrafzadeh, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nina Ashrafzadeh
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731  (Online Only)
Life is not what it's supposed to be. It's what it is. The way you cope with it is what makes the difference. -Virginia Satir No two people are alike, therefore no two treatment plans are alike. Each individual should have a treatment plan created specifically to meet their needs. Whether you are struggling with Depression, Anxiety, self-esteem, parenting, or are having occupational or educational stressors, I can help!
Life is not what it's supposed to be. It's what it is. The way you cope with it is what makes the difference. -Virginia Satir No two people are alike, therefore no two treatment plans are alike. Each individual should have a treatment plan created specifically to meet their needs. Whether you are struggling with Depression, Anxiety, self-esteem, parenting, or are having occupational or educational stressors, I can help!
(424) 295-7099 View (424) 295-7099
Photo of Mona Rich - Focus on Mindfulness, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Focus on Mindfulness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90734  (Online Only)
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been licensed in the State of California since 1996. I love the therapeutic process because there is nothing more beautiful and exciting than to experience the evolutionary transformation that can happen within a therapeutic relationship.Life can present us with many challenges that we might not be able to assimilate or make sense of at the particular time.This lack of assimilation can cause an imbalance in our lives and in our relationships.The therapeutic process may help you integrate and bounce back to the full, rich life that you deserve. Some of us have not learned yet how to best develop healthy emotional relationships. We need to acquire different perspectives by learning new skills and disposing of old ones that might stand in the way of wholeness and integration. By making use of different treatment modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal Neurobiology, Depth Psychology, Hypnosis and life experiences I gently guide you through the process towards emotional health and wellbeing.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been licensed in the State of California since 1996. I love the therapeutic process because there is nothing more beautiful and exciting than to experience the evolutionary transformation that can happen within a therapeutic relationship.Life can present us with many challenges that we might not be able to assimilate or make sense of at the particular time.This lack of assimilation can cause an imbalance in our lives and in our relationships.The therapeutic process may help you integrate and bounce back to the full, rich life that you deserve. Some of us have not learned yet how to best develop healthy emotional relationships. We need to acquire different perspectives by learning new skills and disposing of old ones that might stand in the way of wholeness and integration. By making use of different treatment modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal Neurobiology, Depth Psychology, Hypnosis and life experiences I gently guide you through the process towards emotional health and wellbeing.
(310) 740-9791 View (310) 740-9791
Photo of Jacqueline Hong, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jacqueline Hong
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
Jacqueline Hong, LMFT124664, has extensive knowledge and experience working with adults with undiagnosed/diagnosed ADHD. I also work with disorders comorbid with ADHD, such as anxiety, panic, and depression with anxious features. My approach to therapy is mainly psychodynamic and relational, but also integrative since the needs of the client are all different. My approach to therapy is integrative. I mainly use psychodynamic and relational approaches. However, I use CBT for initial symptom reduction.
Jacqueline Hong, LMFT124664, has extensive knowledge and experience working with adults with undiagnosed/diagnosed ADHD. I also work with disorders comorbid with ADHD, such as anxiety, panic, and depression with anxious features. My approach to therapy is mainly psychodynamic and relational, but also integrative since the needs of the client are all different. My approach to therapy is integrative. I mainly use psychodynamic and relational approaches. However, I use CBT for initial symptom reduction.
(424) 544-8487 View (424) 544-8487
Photo of Ruben Arancibia, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ruben Arancibia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
I always wanted to assist those in the community with overcoming emotional challenges. I have over 16 years' experience working with children, adolescents, adults, families and couples. I've worked with El Nido Family Centers for 16 years providing psychotherapy and case management services. I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy. I obtained my Master's degree from Adelphi University in Garden City, New York. I am fluent in both English and Spanish. I look forward to meeting with you to talk and develop new ways of overcoming life's challenges.
I always wanted to assist those in the community with overcoming emotional challenges. I have over 16 years' experience working with children, adolescents, adults, families and couples. I've worked with El Nido Family Centers for 16 years providing psychotherapy and case management services. I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy. I obtained my Master's degree from Adelphi University in Garden City, New York. I am fluent in both English and Spanish. I look forward to meeting with you to talk and develop new ways of overcoming life's challenges.
(424) 275-2390 View (424) 275-2390
Photo of Kriss Light - Kriss Light, LMFT, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kriss Light, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90732  (Online Only)
I am a Jungian Certificated Psychotherapist. Depth Psychology is interested in all ages. All Peoples. All Understandings. "How does it work?" people ask. By making the Unconscious, Conscious. Therapist and patient become curious together, about your life. Feelings and values vital to the individual. Psychotherapy is the inner journey towards understanding ourselves. Your journey. By making conscious our unconscious (often complicated) feelings, we project them less onto the world and less onto others. This process, brings self acceptance and a new vitality. I look forward to sitting with you.
I am a Jungian Certificated Psychotherapist. Depth Psychology is interested in all ages. All Peoples. All Understandings. "How does it work?" people ask. By making the Unconscious, Conscious. Therapist and patient become curious together, about your life. Feelings and values vital to the individual. Psychotherapy is the inner journey towards understanding ourselves. Your journey. By making conscious our unconscious (often complicated) feelings, we project them less onto the world and less onto others. This process, brings self acceptance and a new vitality. I look forward to sitting with you.
(310) 878-4618 View (310) 878-4618
Photo of Monica Bezzi Demas, LMFT, MA, RAS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Monica Bezzi Demas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, RAS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731
I have a passion for what I do and I believe that all human beings share similar traits that allow us to understand and empathize with one another. I see my role as a facilitator in this process and believe that everyone has the strength and ability within themselves to grow, change, and heal. I walk my clients through the path of transformation, explore patterns of thoughts and behaviors, and provide them with new tools necessary to take control of their lives.
I have a passion for what I do and I believe that all human beings share similar traits that allow us to understand and empathize with one another. I see my role as a facilitator in this process and believe that everyone has the strength and ability within themselves to grow, change, and heal. I walk my clients through the path of transformation, explore patterns of thoughts and behaviors, and provide them with new tools necessary to take control of their lives.
(310) 895-9765 View (310) 895-9765
Photo of Danielle Gilardi, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Danielle Gilardi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
I specialize in working with teenagers, young adults, and their families. I am also passionate about working with the LGBTQ+ community and am a gender-affirming therapist. I strive to create a warm and safe environment for people to explore self-identity, personal development, relational dynamics, process trauma, and create solutions in order to support people in living the life they want and deserve.
I specialize in working with teenagers, young adults, and their families. I am also passionate about working with the LGBTQ+ community and am a gender-affirming therapist. I strive to create a warm and safe environment for people to explore self-identity, personal development, relational dynamics, process trauma, and create solutions in order to support people in living the life they want and deserve.
(424) 349-6134 View (424) 349-6134
Photo of Alicia MacGowan, LCSW, LAADC, CAI, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alicia MacGowan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAADC, CAI
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90732
Trusting therapy is an opportunity to improve your life with the assistance of a Therapist who has been practicing since 1992 will ensure your ability to achieve success. Deciding to make changes can leave you feeling overwhelmed. I have created a safe and welcoming space which allows you to feel comfortable and at ease.
Trusting therapy is an opportunity to improve your life with the assistance of a Therapist who has been practicing since 1992 will ensure your ability to achieve success. Deciding to make changes can leave you feeling overwhelmed. I have created a safe and welcoming space which allows you to feel comfortable and at ease.
(424) 645-5156 View (424) 645-5156
Photo of Cora Ramirez-Vasquez, MA, LMFT, ATR, Psy D, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cora Ramirez-Vasquez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR, Psy D
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731
Not accepting new clients
Life can sometimes become difficult. Unexpected changes such as a divorce, relationships problems, work transition, loss, or death in the family can trigger such difficulties. I will work with you to help provide insight, support, and new strategies to help you manage these life challenges. Therapy is right for you if you are interested in getting the most out of your life by taking responsibility, creating greater self-awareness, and working towards a positive change.
Life can sometimes become difficult. Unexpected changes such as a divorce, relationships problems, work transition, loss, or death in the family can trigger such difficulties. I will work with you to help provide insight, support, and new strategies to help you manage these life challenges. Therapy is right for you if you are interested in getting the most out of your life by taking responsibility, creating greater self-awareness, and working towards a positive change.
(562) 250-5688 View (562) 250-5688
Photo of Marissa J Dominguez, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Marissa J Dominguez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90732
Being a parent can be very challenging, make you feel vulnerable, and even overwhelmed at times. My goal as a therapist is to begin the healing process with you. Whether you are a parent that is seeking support for your infant, toddler, or child due to behavioral or emotional problems, family conflict, recent separation, divorce, death, or trauma. I specialize in providing Play Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Behavioral Modification for children, teens & families.
Being a parent can be very challenging, make you feel vulnerable, and even overwhelmed at times. My goal as a therapist is to begin the healing process with you. Whether you are a parent that is seeking support for your infant, toddler, or child due to behavioral or emotional problems, family conflict, recent separation, divorce, death, or trauma. I specialize in providing Play Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Behavioral Modification for children, teens & families.
(209) 643-4545 View (209) 643-4545
Photo of Miyume McKinley, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Miyume McKinley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731
Feeling stressed or overwhelmed? Tearing up or having crying spells? Family, relationships or work becoming more challenging? Or maybe, past situations are now causing feelings of sadness, anger, or shame because you can't forget the memory though you try. These are things that many people deal with on daily basis, however you don't have to do it alone. Therapy is an opportunity to learn ways of coping with things that can be emotionally draining. Counseling is not only what I do, but what I love! You will have the opportunity to share your thoughts in an environment free from judgment or criticism.
Feeling stressed or overwhelmed? Tearing up or having crying spells? Family, relationships or work becoming more challenging? Or maybe, past situations are now causing feelings of sadness, anger, or shame because you can't forget the memory though you try. These are things that many people deal with on daily basis, however you don't have to do it alone. Therapy is an opportunity to learn ways of coping with things that can be emotionally draining. Counseling is not only what I do, but what I love! You will have the opportunity to share your thoughts in an environment free from judgment or criticism.
(424) 570-6955 View (424) 570-6955
Photo of Stephanie Adams, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Adams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
Hi, my name is Stephanie Adams! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and have been in this field for 5 years. I have worked with young and older adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, and loneliness, using Cognitive Behavorial Therapy, and Strength-Based Practices, and Psychodynamic Therapy to help my clients start making positive changes and feeling better about themselves. My communication style is calm, thorough, transparent, and personable. I want my clients to feel comfortable when talking with me about anything, and I hold true to my ability to listen without judgment.
Hi, my name is Stephanie Adams! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and have been in this field for 5 years. I have worked with young and older adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, and loneliness, using Cognitive Behavorial Therapy, and Strength-Based Practices, and Psychodynamic Therapy to help my clients start making positive changes and feeling better about themselves. My communication style is calm, thorough, transparent, and personable. I want my clients to feel comfortable when talking with me about anything, and I hold true to my ability to listen without judgment.
(424) 526-5481 View (424) 526-5481
Photo of Laura Castro, LMFT , Marriage & Family Therapist
Laura Castro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731  (Online Only)
I’ve helped hundreds of clients who struggle with self-worth as a result of complex PTSD as well as working with clients to increase feelings of safety after a traumatic experience.    I believe that each of my clients deserve a life filled with endless possibilities, but have found that my clients are often blocked in experiencing meaningful lives due to unprocessed trauma. It has nothing to do with whether someone deserves good things at all, but rather the lack of safety that comes up for my PTSD clients that prevents them from fully experiencing a more meaningful life.
I’ve helped hundreds of clients who struggle with self-worth as a result of complex PTSD as well as working with clients to increase feelings of safety after a traumatic experience.    I believe that each of my clients deserve a life filled with endless possibilities, but have found that my clients are often blocked in experiencing meaningful lives due to unprocessed trauma. It has nothing to do with whether someone deserves good things at all, but rather the lack of safety that comes up for my PTSD clients that prevents them from fully experiencing a more meaningful life.
(818) 369-3948 View (818) 369-3948
Photo of Mallory Molle, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mallory Molle
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731
Welcome! My name is Mallory Molle and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist within the San Pedro area. I am passionate about helping people grow, change, and ultimately feel their best. With an empathic and compassionate approach, I am dedicated to supporting and encouraging clients throughout their therapeutic journey. In a confidential and non-judgmental environment, I work to foster a space of acceptance and warmth. Having worked within this profession for the past 8 years and within the helping field for 15 years, I have extensive experience helping people from all walks of life.
Welcome! My name is Mallory Molle and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist within the San Pedro area. I am passionate about helping people grow, change, and ultimately feel their best. With an empathic and compassionate approach, I am dedicated to supporting and encouraging clients throughout their therapeutic journey. In a confidential and non-judgmental environment, I work to foster a space of acceptance and warmth. Having worked within this profession for the past 8 years and within the helping field for 15 years, I have extensive experience helping people from all walks of life.
(424) 888-7528 View (424) 888-7528
Photo of Hearts Respond - Hearts Respond, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hearts Respond
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731  (Online Only)
We are a group of therapists that seek the best care for our clients. We are a diverse group who can help with a wide range of problems. We can provide Telehealth virtual meetings and in-person meetings with safety pre-cautions in place. Please visit www.heartsrespond.com for more specific information about our therapists and care.
We are a group of therapists that seek the best care for our clients. We are a diverse group who can help with a wide range of problems. We can provide Telehealth virtual meetings and in-person meetings with safety pre-cautions in place. Please visit www.heartsrespond.com for more specific information about our therapists and care.
(424) 336-8835 View (424) 336-8835
Photo of Katie Wilkinson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Wilkinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
My name is Katie Wilkinson, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I feel honored when my clients trust me with their life struggles, and it is an even greater honor to see my clients grow and learn how to embrace challenges that come their way! I have experience working with individuals with depression, anxiety, substance use, grief and loss, and adjustment to life changes. In session, I practice active listening, am eager to learn more about your story, and develop an open way of communication as we build trust.
My name is Katie Wilkinson, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I feel honored when my clients trust me with their life struggles, and it is an even greater honor to see my clients grow and learn how to embrace challenges that come their way! I have experience working with individuals with depression, anxiety, substance use, grief and loss, and adjustment to life changes. In session, I practice active listening, am eager to learn more about your story, and develop an open way of communication as we build trust.
(424) 544-3519 View (424) 544-3519
Photo of Bertha Ramos, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bertha Ramos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Pedro, CA 90731
No matter what life may bring you, I encourage you to find that small light that will guide you to a much better you. Depending on the individual needs, I use a variety of approaches with my clients.
No matter what life may bring you, I encourage you to find that small light that will guide you to a much better you. Depending on the individual needs, I use a variety of approaches with my clients.
(424) 342-8015 View (424) 342-8015
Photo of Kristen Rouault - Kristen Rouault: Postpartum & Motherhood, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kristen Rouault: Postpartum & Motherhood
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90732
I am passionate about helping women and mothers. I work with clients who are navigating the unique challenges of motherhood; from trying to conceive, through pregnancy & postpartum, and into parenthood. My goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where women can feel heard, validated, and empowered. I have advanced training in perinatal mental health and I am also a mother of 3 little ones myself. I understand firsthand what it’s like to go through the journey of parenthood, and I can provide you with actionable strategies to make the job easier.
I am passionate about helping women and mothers. I work with clients who are navigating the unique challenges of motherhood; from trying to conceive, through pregnancy & postpartum, and into parenthood. My goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where women can feel heard, validated, and empowered. I have advanced training in perinatal mental health and I am also a mother of 3 little ones myself. I understand firsthand what it’s like to go through the journey of parenthood, and I can provide you with actionable strategies to make the job easier.
(310) 987-4186 View (310) 987-4186
Photo of Jessica Ciaramitaro Feenstra, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jessica Ciaramitaro Feenstra
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
“I’ve learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.”- Maya Angelou. As your therapist, I use a personable approach to tackle and target unresolved negative feelings and trauma associated with your past. I'm all about healing with the goal of self awareness and personal growth. Let's talk therapy!
“I’ve learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.”- Maya Angelou. As your therapist, I use a personable approach to tackle and target unresolved negative feelings and trauma associated with your past. I'm all about healing with the goal of self awareness and personal growth. Let's talk therapy!
(424) 347-8233 View (424) 347-8233
Photo of Bruce Scott Riley, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bruce Scott Riley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Pedro, CA 90731
I have spent over 20 years working with individuals, couples, small groups, and large groups on concepts that build intimacy, communication skills, conflict resolution, forgiveness, and reconciliation. My greatest quality is that I am a great listener. My compassionate approach allows my clients to trust me and provides me opportunities to assist them in finding solutions to some of life's most challenging issues.
I have spent over 20 years working with individuals, couples, small groups, and large groups on concepts that build intimacy, communication skills, conflict resolution, forgiveness, and reconciliation. My greatest quality is that I am a great listener. My compassionate approach allows my clients to trust me and provides me opportunities to assist them in finding solutions to some of life's most challenging issues.
(562) 275-7359 View (562) 275-7359
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Pedro, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in San Pedro, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
70% Grief
70% Coping Skills
62% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Pedro, CA see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Pedro?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.