Therapists in Rancho Cucamonga, CA

Photo of Lori Ann Crosby, MFT, RPT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lori Ann Crosby
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
As a Registered Play Therapist, my mission is to bring healing to children, teens, and adults through the power of play. I specialize in treating individuals, couples, and families struggling with issues related to divorce, foster/adoption, abuse, child misbehavior (acting out), bullying, depression, anxiety, ADHD, and relationship problems. Because I incorporate play-based techniques into my practice, I am especially effective with young children (ages 3+) who struggle to express themselves verbally. My clients learn to express their emotions, take responsibility for their actions, develop better solutions to their problems, and interact more positively with the people around them.
As a Registered Play Therapist, my mission is to bring healing to children, teens, and adults through the power of play. I specialize in treating individuals, couples, and families struggling with issues related to divorce, foster/adoption, abuse, child misbehavior (acting out), bullying, depression, anxiety, ADHD, and relationship problems. Because I incorporate play-based techniques into my practice, I am especially effective with young children (ages 3+) who struggle to express themselves verbally. My clients learn to express their emotions, take responsibility for their actions, develop better solutions to their problems, and interact more positively with the people around them.
(909) 587-6533 View (909) 587-6533
Photo of Jordan Frailey, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jordan Frailey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Have you spent too much time at war with yourself? At war with your past, your mind, your body, and even those around you? Whatever season of life you are in, you are likely seeking change. Perhaps you are looking to heal or to let go and move forward. Maybe you want to forgive yourself, find yourself, or to stop sabotaging and hurting yourself (and in turn hurting those around you). Life has the potential to be more than plagued by depression, anxiety, self-sabotage, and painful relationships, but it can be challenging to make this a reality without the right support.
Have you spent too much time at war with yourself? At war with your past, your mind, your body, and even those around you? Whatever season of life you are in, you are likely seeking change. Perhaps you are looking to heal or to let go and move forward. Maybe you want to forgive yourself, find yourself, or to stop sabotaging and hurting yourself (and in turn hurting those around you). Life has the potential to be more than plagued by depression, anxiety, self-sabotage, and painful relationships, but it can be challenging to make this a reality without the right support.
(909) 580-8414 View (909) 580-8414
ALTA Loma Psychological Associates
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
We'll view the issue from as many angles as possible, explore stategies, learn skills such as fair fighting or whatever the situation demands. Also, as a clinician, I have extensive experience with traumatic brain damage, vocational rehabilitation, anger management, teen & women's issues and couples counseling.
We'll view the issue from as many angles as possible, explore stategies, learn skills such as fair fighting or whatever the situation demands. Also, as a clinician, I have extensive experience with traumatic brain damage, vocational rehabilitation, anger management, teen & women's issues and couples counseling.
(909) 584-5937 View (909) 584-5937
Photo of Crystal Venegas, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Crystal Venegas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91701
As a human being, you contain multitudes – but if you’re reading this right now, it might FEEL like all you contain is stress! Or anxiety, burnout… whatever you call it, the truth is, you feel like you’re on a hamster wheel you can’t sustain. But at the same time, you have big goals, and you don’t want to give up on them! You may be drawn to “high-achieving” pursuits, excelling in work and school – but you’re drawn toward spiritual practices such as yoga and Reiki. If that sounds like you, take a deep breath – you’re in the right place!
As a human being, you contain multitudes – but if you’re reading this right now, it might FEEL like all you contain is stress! Or anxiety, burnout… whatever you call it, the truth is, you feel like you’re on a hamster wheel you can’t sustain. But at the same time, you have big goals, and you don’t want to give up on them! You may be drawn to “high-achieving” pursuits, excelling in work and school – but you’re drawn toward spiritual practices such as yoga and Reiki. If that sounds like you, take a deep breath – you’re in the right place!
(951) 904-2186 View (951) 904-2186
Photo of Rhonda Heldt, LCP, Psychologist
Rhonda Heldt
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
Welcome. I am Dr. Rhonda Heldt, a licensed clinical psychologist in CA with 30+ years in the field. I specialize in addiction, trauma & EMDR, though welcome a range of adult clients struggling with anxiety, depression, and life challenges. I work extensively in addiction, trauma, and mood disorders; I work with adults and couples. I am a solution-focused therapist, emphasizing practical, employable strategies for managing a wide range of mental health struggles.
Welcome. I am Dr. Rhonda Heldt, a licensed clinical psychologist in CA with 30+ years in the field. I specialize in addiction, trauma & EMDR, though welcome a range of adult clients struggling with anxiety, depression, and life challenges. I work extensively in addiction, trauma, and mood disorders; I work with adults and couples. I am a solution-focused therapist, emphasizing practical, employable strategies for managing a wide range of mental health struggles.
(951) 498-4336 View (951) 498-4336
Photo of Stacey Merrell, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stacey Merrell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
I am a compassionate, direct and interactive therapist. My therapeutic approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address their treatment goals. I offer a highly personalized approach, tailored to each client's unique needs. I believe that the person is not the problem, the problem is the problem. I collaborate with my client's and help them step away from problem saturated and oppressive stories, to discovering and/or creating new untold stories which include preferred accounts of their lives, hopes, values, dreams and relationships.
I am a compassionate, direct and interactive therapist. My therapeutic approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address their treatment goals. I offer a highly personalized approach, tailored to each client's unique needs. I believe that the person is not the problem, the problem is the problem. I collaborate with my client's and help them step away from problem saturated and oppressive stories, to discovering and/or creating new untold stories which include preferred accounts of their lives, hopes, values, dreams and relationships.
(951) 221-4217 View (951) 221-4217
Photo of Kirsten Cathell Boulton, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kirsten Cathell Boulton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
Not accepting new clients
Do you suffer from anxiety, relationship/intimacy issues or addictive behaviors? Hi my name is Kirsten Cathell Boulton, LCSW, and I am trained in EMDR trauma release therapy. I provide compassionate holistic services. I come from a spiritual perspective and I believe that people are already equipped to unlock their own solutions with empathetic guidance and support.  I guide individuals and families toward experiencing healing and transformation. I look forward to hearing from you!
Do you suffer from anxiety, relationship/intimacy issues or addictive behaviors? Hi my name is Kirsten Cathell Boulton, LCSW, and I am trained in EMDR trauma release therapy. I provide compassionate holistic services. I come from a spiritual perspective and I believe that people are already equipped to unlock their own solutions with empathetic guidance and support.  I guide individuals and families toward experiencing healing and transformation. I look forward to hearing from you!
(909) 281-9610 View (909) 281-9610
Photo of Andrew Conway, BA, MSW, ASW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Andrew Conway
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, MSW, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Hello and Welcome. Our agency offers affordable, low-cost, telehealth/online therapy exclusively in California. I specialize in working with teens and adults from all walks of life. I work with individuals who have experienced trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, stress and anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders.
Hello and Welcome. Our agency offers affordable, low-cost, telehealth/online therapy exclusively in California. I specialize in working with teens and adults from all walks of life. I work with individuals who have experienced trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, stress and anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders.
(951) 944-3072 View (951) 944-3072
Photo of Taniya Shockley, BS, MSW, Intern, Pre-Licensed Professional
Taniya Shockley
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS, MSW, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello and Welcome! We specialize in providing affordable telehealth/online therapy. Hi everyone! I am Taniya Shockley. My goal is to assist clients in navigating through their lives and promote personal growth, development, and healing.
Hello and Welcome! We specialize in providing affordable telehealth/online therapy. Hi everyone! I am Taniya Shockley. My goal is to assist clients in navigating through their lives and promote personal growth, development, and healing.
(951) 262-8364 View (951) 262-8364
Photo of Rodney Reed, LCSW, MSW, PsyD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rodney Reed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, PsyD
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
I respect that each person is different and believe there is no one solution for everyone. I believe in treating the whole person which includes mind and body. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 20 years of experience counseling children, adults, seniors, couples and families. My training allows me to draw from different methods from which we can develop new ways to cope with sadness, worry or stress. I can assist you in getting your life back on track, helping you manage difficult thoughts and emotions or navigating through difficult times for you or your family members.
I respect that each person is different and believe there is no one solution for everyone. I believe in treating the whole person which includes mind and body. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 20 years of experience counseling children, adults, seniors, couples and families. My training allows me to draw from different methods from which we can develop new ways to cope with sadness, worry or stress. I can assist you in getting your life back on track, helping you manage difficult thoughts and emotions or navigating through difficult times for you or your family members.
(909) 498-4961 View (909) 498-4961
Photo of Jessika Byrd, BA, MFT, Intern, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jessika Byrd
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, MFT, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! Our agency offers affordable, low-cost telehealth and online therapy services. At the heart of my practice is creating a safe and accepting space for you. I understand that each of us views life through a unique lens, shaped by our own experiences. Trauma, chronic stress, fear, frustration, joy, worry, and grief can manifest in various ways. My goal is to support you holistically, tailoring each session with diverse tools to meet your individual needs and goals. Together, we’ll navigate your journey toward healing and growth with personalized care and attention.
Hello and welcome! Our agency offers affordable, low-cost telehealth and online therapy services. At the heart of my practice is creating a safe and accepting space for you. I understand that each of us views life through a unique lens, shaped by our own experiences. Trauma, chronic stress, fear, frustration, joy, worry, and grief can manifest in various ways. My goal is to support you holistically, tailoring each session with diverse tools to meet your individual needs and goals. Together, we’ll navigate your journey toward healing and growth with personalized care and attention.
(951) 309-7579 View (951) 309-7579
Photo of Elmira Abisheva, BS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Elmira Abisheva
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Hello and Welcome. Our agency offers affordable, low-cost, telehealth/online therapy exclusively in California. I'm Elmira Abisheva, and I'm passionate about helping people of all ages overcome challenges like depression, anxiety, trauma, self-image issues, and eating disorders.
Hello and Welcome. Our agency offers affordable, low-cost, telehealth/online therapy exclusively in California. I'm Elmira Abisheva, and I'm passionate about helping people of all ages overcome challenges like depression, anxiety, trauma, self-image issues, and eating disorders.
(951) 528-1357 View (951) 528-1357
Photo of Andreana Mabry - Andreana Mabry EMDR Intensives, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Andreana Mabry EMDR Intensives
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
People find me when their old coping strategies stop working. If your usual strategies for handling life just…broke... you're not the only one going through that. You might have tried to OUT-PERFORM your pain. Or maybe you tried to OUT-RUN your pain. Finally, you tried to OUT-PRAY your pain. All of these strategies kind-of work a little. Thankfully. Hard work, moving and breathing, and spirituality are an important part of recovering from stress. But these strategies don’t work all the way because the mind and body combine to create a specific reaction when we’ve been through something awful.
People find me when their old coping strategies stop working. If your usual strategies for handling life just…broke... you're not the only one going through that. You might have tried to OUT-PERFORM your pain. Or maybe you tried to OUT-RUN your pain. Finally, you tried to OUT-PRAY your pain. All of these strategies kind-of work a little. Thankfully. Hard work, moving and breathing, and spirituality are an important part of recovering from stress. But these strategies don’t work all the way because the mind and body combine to create a specific reaction when we’ve been through something awful.
(951) 309-7494 View (951) 309-7494
Photo of Jeremiah Dieujuste, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jeremiah Dieujuste
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
At the core, therapy comes down to two things; 1) Client-therapist fit and 2) client's readiness to do the work. That's it! So, if you're ready to do the work, and we click, that's already half the battle. Hi, I'm Jeremiah. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I specialize in working with young adults/adults who struggle with anger, anxiety, confidence, communication, relationships, self-esteem, stress, etc. I'll work with you to create a treatment plan designed to meet your specific needs. I use an evidence-based treatment called Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
At the core, therapy comes down to two things; 1) Client-therapist fit and 2) client's readiness to do the work. That's it! So, if you're ready to do the work, and we click, that's already half the battle. Hi, I'm Jeremiah. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I specialize in working with young adults/adults who struggle with anger, anxiety, confidence, communication, relationships, self-esteem, stress, etc. I'll work with you to create a treatment plan designed to meet your specific needs. I use an evidence-based treatment called Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
(909) 280-5545 View (909) 280-5545
Photo of Nicole M Mascarenhas, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nicole M Mascarenhas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
"Are you frustrated with not being heard or validated? Does it seem as though no one understands you, and relationships with others have become more stressful than you would like them to be? Relationships can be complicated! If you want to be heard and grow personally to have a more grounded life and healthier relationships, let me assist you in building connection, becoming calm, reducing stress, and finding your voice."
"Are you frustrated with not being heard or validated? Does it seem as though no one understands you, and relationships with others have become more stressful than you would like them to be? Relationships can be complicated! If you want to be heard and grow personally to have a more grounded life and healthier relationships, let me assist you in building connection, becoming calm, reducing stress, and finding your voice."
(909) 784-2050 View (909) 784-2050
Photo of Ingrid Chacon, BS, MFT , Intern, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ingrid Chacon
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS, MFT , Intern
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! Our center provides affordable telehealth/online therapy only. I offer a warm and welcoming safe space where we can explore whatever you're going through, whether you're a child, teen, couple, Veteran, or first responder.
Hello and welcome! Our center provides affordable telehealth/online therapy only. I offer a warm and welcoming safe space where we can explore whatever you're going through, whether you're a child, teen, couple, Veteran, or first responder.
(951) 944-2698 View (951) 944-2698
Photo of Danielle Norman, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Danielle Norman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91701
Hi, my name is Danielle Norman. I have a Doctorate in Psychology and a License in Marriage and Family Therapy. My specialties include childhood trauma/trauma, depression, anxiety, attachment, and parent-child relationships. Currently, my practice focuses on working with adults and adolescents. Clients can present with a number of issues including difficulty in relationships, feeling stuck, low and anxious mood, difficulty coping with stressors, feeling on edge or irritable, and difficulty with sleep.
Hi, my name is Danielle Norman. I have a Doctorate in Psychology and a License in Marriage and Family Therapy. My specialties include childhood trauma/trauma, depression, anxiety, attachment, and parent-child relationships. Currently, my practice focuses on working with adults and adolescents. Clients can present with a number of issues including difficulty in relationships, feeling stuck, low and anxious mood, difficulty coping with stressors, feeling on edge or irritable, and difficulty with sleep.
(951) 494-6487 View (951) 494-6487
Photo of Lupita Rojas - My Serenity Mental Wellness, ASW, Pre-Licensed Professional
My Serenity Mental Wellness
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
When you encompass trauma, & seek support for it, you may already be feeling vulnerable. It takes qualified therapist that exude empathy & patience. You have already gone through enough. We will create a safe place to unlock the trauma, and teach you to learn to sit with that trauma part. In addition, the past may also have caused you to be more prone to anxiety and even feelings of depression. There is unresolved grief to work on. Holistically we may ask you to take walks, practice grounding when you share about those deeper wounds & even challenge unhelpful thoughts. We want to get to the root of the problem and find your healing.
When you encompass trauma, & seek support for it, you may already be feeling vulnerable. It takes qualified therapist that exude empathy & patience. You have already gone through enough. We will create a safe place to unlock the trauma, and teach you to learn to sit with that trauma part. In addition, the past may also have caused you to be more prone to anxiety and even feelings of depression. There is unresolved grief to work on. Holistically we may ask you to take walks, practice grounding when you share about those deeper wounds & even challenge unhelpful thoughts. We want to get to the root of the problem and find your healing.
(909) 265-7978 View (909) 265-7978
Photo of Maria Guadalupe Villegas - Advanced Psychological Associates & Wellness Ctr, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Advanced Psychological Associates & Wellness Ctr
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
I provide a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental environment that can help those who are feeling overwhelmed with the challenges they face in their lives. I believe every individual is unique and worthy of living a peaceful and enjoyable life. In the past, I worked with parents and children as a parent volunteer in schools and coached soccer; thus, I taught them skills such as persistence, endurance, and discipline to help them to reach their goals. These skills are valuable and essential because they are needed in sports, academics, relationships, mental health, and to reach the end of the tunnel in order to see the light again.
I provide a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental environment that can help those who are feeling overwhelmed with the challenges they face in their lives. I believe every individual is unique and worthy of living a peaceful and enjoyable life. In the past, I worked with parents and children as a parent volunteer in schools and coached soccer; thus, I taught them skills such as persistence, endurance, and discipline to help them to reach their goals. These skills are valuable and essential because they are needed in sports, academics, relationships, mental health, and to reach the end of the tunnel in order to see the light again.
(909) 344-5543 View (909) 344-5543
Photo of John Pellitteri, PsyD, MSCP, ABPP, Psychologist
John Pellitteri
Psychologist, PsyD, MSCP, ABPP
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
I am interested in working with clients who are ready to make a change - moving toward a more centered existence, with better relationships and more fulfillment in life. I use mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy to assist in developing skills to reduce anxiety and depression. If you are looking for a seasoned, experienced therapist, I'd like to talk to you!
I am interested in working with clients who are ready to make a change - moving toward a more centered existence, with better relationships and more fulfillment in life. I use mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy to assist in developing skills to reduce anxiety and depression. If you are looking for a seasoned, experienced therapist, I'd like to talk to you!
(951) 724-4961 View (951) 724-4961
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rancho Cucamonga, CA

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Rancho Cucamonga, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
71% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Rancho Cucamonga, CA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rancho Cucamonga?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.