Therapists in Portland, ME

View neighborhoods in Portland
Photo of Maria Crawford, LCPC-C, Counselor
Maria Crawford
Counselor, LCPC-C
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04102  (Online Only)
If you're seeking a therapist who prioritizes trust, is direct but gentle, and can bring both steadiness and humor into a session, I'd love to work with you. I specialize in relationships, trauma, and authenticity working from a psychoanalytic, humanistic, and trauma informed perspective. I utilize attachment theory to improve communication, refine how you relate to others and yourself, and make tangible change around what isn't working for you.
If you're seeking a therapist who prioritizes trust, is direct but gentle, and can bring both steadiness and humor into a session, I'd love to work with you. I specialize in relationships, trauma, and authenticity working from a psychoanalytic, humanistic, and trauma informed perspective. I utilize attachment theory to improve communication, refine how you relate to others and yourself, and make tangible change around what isn't working for you.
(207) 952-8896 View (207) 952-8896
Photo of Drea Michaud, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Drea Michaud
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101
Not accepting new clients
Practice full at this time, thank you -I offer compassionate, experiential psychotherapy for adults, specializing in mindfulness-based and Internal Family Systems therapy for depression, anxiety and trauma. Honoring the dynamic mind-body relationship, I incorporate awareness-building, body-based practices to facilitate emotional, behavioral & cognitive expression, healing & growth, such as guided meditation, visualization & yoga-inspired breathwork and movement. I believe that bringing our full attention to our inner experiences with curiosity awakens a natural spring of self-compassion and an innate capacity for deep healing.
Practice full at this time, thank you -I offer compassionate, experiential psychotherapy for adults, specializing in mindfulness-based and Internal Family Systems therapy for depression, anxiety and trauma. Honoring the dynamic mind-body relationship, I incorporate awareness-building, body-based practices to facilitate emotional, behavioral & cognitive expression, healing & growth, such as guided meditation, visualization & yoga-inspired breathwork and movement. I believe that bringing our full attention to our inner experiences with curiosity awakens a natural spring of self-compassion and an innate capacity for deep healing.
(207) 358-4866 View (207) 358-4866
Photo of Laren Corrin, LCPC-C, Counselor
Laren Corrin
Counselor, LCPC-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04101
Distressed about your relationship? Feeling anxious or overwhelmed? Hopeless or broken? Is it psychosis or spiritual? You are welcome to come as you are with your full range of feelings. We can work to uncover what is at the core and driving your distress with a goal of personal transformation or identify other goals of your choosing. I have a special interest in exploring and integrating the lasting impact of spiritual, kundalini, entheogen/psychedelic, and other extreme experiences that are frequently misdiagnosed as mental illness.
Distressed about your relationship? Feeling anxious or overwhelmed? Hopeless or broken? Is it psychosis or spiritual? You are welcome to come as you are with your full range of feelings. We can work to uncover what is at the core and driving your distress with a goal of personal transformation or identify other goals of your choosing. I have a special interest in exploring and integrating the lasting impact of spiritual, kundalini, entheogen/psychedelic, and other extreme experiences that are frequently misdiagnosed as mental illness.
(207) 771-5641 View (207) 771-5641
Photo of Andrea Tolbert, LCSW, MBA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea Tolbert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04101  (Online Only)
Evening and Weekend Appointments are Available! Andrea Tolbert, LCSW, MBA, MSW, MHRT/CSP of Absolute Happiness Psychotherapy and Consultation, PLLC offers mental health counseling with individuals and groups in an outpatient setting located in Portland, Maine. Supervision for clinicians seeking licensure and Consultation for agencies, educational institutions, organizations, and businesses are available. My clinical specialties are trauma, substance misuse, women, and military veterans/service members and their families; working with adults, couples, and groups. Sliding scale fee rates of $30-$80 are available at Absolute Happiness by enrolling at http://openpathcollective.org.
Evening and Weekend Appointments are Available! Andrea Tolbert, LCSW, MBA, MSW, MHRT/CSP of Absolute Happiness Psychotherapy and Consultation, PLLC offers mental health counseling with individuals and groups in an outpatient setting located in Portland, Maine. Supervision for clinicians seeking licensure and Consultation for agencies, educational institutions, organizations, and businesses are available. My clinical specialties are trauma, substance misuse, women, and military veterans/service members and their families; working with adults, couples, and groups. Sliding scale fee rates of $30-$80 are available at Absolute Happiness by enrolling at http://openpathcollective.org.
(207) 560-4775 View (207) 560-4775
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Bourgoin, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Jennifer Bourgoin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04101
Not accepting new clients
My practice is currently full! Thanks for your interest. Psychotherapy is a collaborative, goal-oriented process of talking and experiencing emotions in a welcoming and affirming space. Thoughtfully chosen to meet your individual needs, I integrate an insight-oriented approach with evidence-based skills and behavior-focused therapies (e.g. CBT or DBT). Our sessions will address your current concerns, symptoms, and personal goals as well as explore vulnerabilities from your past to develop a deeper self-awareness. Mindfulness and/or EMDR may be suggested to clients who might benefit from an emotion-focused, body-based treatment.
My practice is currently full! Thanks for your interest. Psychotherapy is a collaborative, goal-oriented process of talking and experiencing emotions in a welcoming and affirming space. Thoughtfully chosen to meet your individual needs, I integrate an insight-oriented approach with evidence-based skills and behavior-focused therapies (e.g. CBT or DBT). Our sessions will address your current concerns, symptoms, and personal goals as well as explore vulnerabilities from your past to develop a deeper self-awareness. Mindfulness and/or EMDR may be suggested to clients who might benefit from an emotion-focused, body-based treatment.
(207) 802-0721 View (207) 802-0721
Photo of Holly Hogan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Holly Hogan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101
Holly Hogan is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Maine who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Master's in Social Work from Arizona State University, a Bachelor's in Sociology from Colby College, and an Associates in Mental Health from Kennebec Valley Community College. Holly is able to offer a space of compassion, genuine understanding, and client-centered care. Her philosophy is to meet people where they are at. People are experts in their own lives and experiences. Holly's role is to act as a guide for growth, development, and improvement of quality of life.
Holly Hogan is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Maine who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Master's in Social Work from Arizona State University, a Bachelor's in Sociology from Colby College, and an Associates in Mental Health from Kennebec Valley Community College. Holly is able to offer a space of compassion, genuine understanding, and client-centered care. Her philosophy is to meet people where they are at. People are experts in their own lives and experiences. Holly's role is to act as a guide for growth, development, and improvement of quality of life.
(207) 492-4747 View (207) 492-4747
Photo of Pam Kern, MS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pam Kern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04103
Connection! It is at the heart of being human. I am an experienced therapist providing a supportive environment that is free of judgment to connect and align with your purpose and meaning. I specialize in mental health and well-being in relationship dynamics, either with yourself or with others, work-life and daily living. I was clinically trained at Columbia University. My expertise ranges from traditional psychotherapy in an office setting or telehealth, counseling business executives at Employee Assistance Program and seafarer mental health.
Connection! It is at the heart of being human. I am an experienced therapist providing a supportive environment that is free of judgment to connect and align with your purpose and meaning. I specialize in mental health and well-being in relationship dynamics, either with yourself or with others, work-life and daily living. I was clinically trained at Columbia University. My expertise ranges from traditional psychotherapy in an office setting or telehealth, counseling business executives at Employee Assistance Program and seafarer mental health.
(207) 605-8571 View (207) 605-8571
Photo of Sarah P. Maloney, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah P. Maloney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04103
Thank you for exploring my page on Psychology Today. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I provide individual, couples and family therapy with an approach that integrates cognitive-behavioral therapy and family systems models. (I do not treat children or adolescents in my practice.) My role as therapist is to help stimulate change by facilitating conversations that explore and lead to new ways of thinking about your life and relationships, and ways to initiate meaningful change.
Thank you for exploring my page on Psychology Today. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I provide individual, couples and family therapy with an approach that integrates cognitive-behavioral therapy and family systems models. (I do not treat children or adolescents in my practice.) My role as therapist is to help stimulate change by facilitating conversations that explore and lead to new ways of thinking about your life and relationships, and ways to initiate meaningful change.
(207) 482-0218 View (207) 482-0218
Photo of Laura Mazikowski, LCPC, Counselor
Laura Mazikowski
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04101
Not accepting new clients
Are you wanting to feel less anxiety? An increased sense of well being? Or perhaps you find yourself at a transition point, wanting to examine your life more closely, looking for meaning and a sense of vitality.
Are you wanting to feel less anxiety? An increased sense of well being? Or perhaps you find yourself at a transition point, wanting to examine your life more closely, looking for meaning and a sense of vitality.
(207) 358-4479 View (207) 358-4479
Photo of Cassie Slisher, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cassie Slisher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Portland, ME 04101
Struggling with food? Down on your body? Sadly, it's so easy, in our culture, to dislike our bodies. It's also easy to find ourselves mired in a cycle of overeating, efforts to get "back on track", and yet more overeating or bingeing. We can find ourselves consumed by thoughts of what we will eat, what we won't eat, what we wish we could eat, what we ate last night. It can be exhausting. It can zap the joy and zest right out of us.
Struggling with food? Down on your body? Sadly, it's so easy, in our culture, to dislike our bodies. It's also easy to find ourselves mired in a cycle of overeating, efforts to get "back on track", and yet more overeating or bingeing. We can find ourselves consumed by thoughts of what we will eat, what we won't eat, what we wish we could eat, what we ate last night. It can be exhausting. It can zap the joy and zest right out of us.
(207) 766-6451 View (207) 766-6451
Photo of Lisa Klusmeier, MA, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Klusmeier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101
Sometimes life can feel so overwhelming that you wonder how you will ever get through. It can leave a pit in your stomach, a tightness in your chest, or your head can become so fuzzy with confusing and conflicting thoughts that you feel scattered, splintered, not yourself. Maybe the thoughts are so incessant that your brain feels like it's on fire, and it just won't quit. You may want to run and hide, lash out in anger and frustration, or perhaps you feel so shut down that making simple decisions becomes difficult. Life can feel too much, leaving you feeling inadequate. There is a path forward, a way to uncover you at your core.
Sometimes life can feel so overwhelming that you wonder how you will ever get through. It can leave a pit in your stomach, a tightness in your chest, or your head can become so fuzzy with confusing and conflicting thoughts that you feel scattered, splintered, not yourself. Maybe the thoughts are so incessant that your brain feels like it's on fire, and it just won't quit. You may want to run and hide, lash out in anger and frustration, or perhaps you feel so shut down that making simple decisions becomes difficult. Life can feel too much, leaving you feeling inadequate. There is a path forward, a way to uncover you at your core.
(207) 300-9987 View (207) 300-9987
Photo of Carrie Kahl - Thornapple Therapy and Consulting LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Thornapple Therapy and Consulting LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101  (Online Only)
Carrie (she/they) is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in Kink, ethical non-monogamy, and gender diversity. She practices from a place of radical non-judgmentalism, as well as value exploration and affirmation. She is passionate about disability rights, secularism, abortion access, harm reduction, antiracist practice, trans rights, and sexual liberation. Proximity to privilege statement- Carrie is a white, cis gender woman from a middle class background
Carrie (she/they) is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in Kink, ethical non-monogamy, and gender diversity. She practices from a place of radical non-judgmentalism, as well as value exploration and affirmation. She is passionate about disability rights, secularism, abortion access, harm reduction, antiracist practice, trans rights, and sexual liberation. Proximity to privilege statement- Carrie is a white, cis gender woman from a middle class background
View
Photo of Mark Butkus, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark Butkus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101
Mark Butkus is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Maine who has been practicing since 2003. He has completed a Masters In Social Work, post-graduate therapy trainings for advanced licensure and works towards yearly continuing education. Mark has been working as a therapist in a variety of settings since 2003. As a Clinical Instructor at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Specialty Clinics, in a primary care setting that integrates mental health, as clinical director in therapeutic foster care, in Private practice, and most recently with the Veterans Administration.
Mark Butkus is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Maine who has been practicing since 2003. He has completed a Masters In Social Work, post-graduate therapy trainings for advanced licensure and works towards yearly continuing education. Mark has been working as a therapist in a variety of settings since 2003. As a Clinical Instructor at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Specialty Clinics, in a primary care setting that integrates mental health, as clinical director in therapeutic foster care, in Private practice, and most recently with the Veterans Administration.
(207) 672-2420 View (207) 672-2420
Photo of Elisa Orme, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elisa Orme
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04102
I am currently accepting new clients for telehealth and outdoor sessions (after initial telehealth intake session). I am a LCSW providing evidence-based psychotherapy to individuals. Treatment modalities include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and I am trained in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) through an EMDRIA-certified organization.
I am currently accepting new clients for telehealth and outdoor sessions (after initial telehealth intake session). I am a LCSW providing evidence-based psychotherapy to individuals. Treatment modalities include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and I am trained in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) through an EMDRIA-certified organization.
(207) 261-0460 View (207) 261-0460
Photo of Jessica Townsend, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Townsend
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101
As a client at various times in my own life, I appreciate the challenge of engaging with a new therapist. The vulnerability of opening up to a stranger is real and palpable. Your growth in therapy is driven in part by your willingness to trust me, feel calm in the process, and confidence in my approach. My work always begins with this recognition, and has led to over twenty years of creating a safe and comfortable space, while nurturing deeply meaningful relationships. Humbly and respectfully, I have had the privilege to witness amazing client strength, courage, and growth. I always learn from you, as you ideally learn from me.
As a client at various times in my own life, I appreciate the challenge of engaging with a new therapist. The vulnerability of opening up to a stranger is real and palpable. Your growth in therapy is driven in part by your willingness to trust me, feel calm in the process, and confidence in my approach. My work always begins with this recognition, and has led to over twenty years of creating a safe and comfortable space, while nurturing deeply meaningful relationships. Humbly and respectfully, I have had the privilege to witness amazing client strength, courage, and growth. I always learn from you, as you ideally learn from me.
(207) 420-8636 View (207) 420-8636
Photo of Michael Biederman, LCPC, Counselor
Michael Biederman
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101
Hi! My name is Mike Biederman (he/him) and I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in both Maine and Illinois. I have 12+ years of experience working with adults and adolescents in a variety of mental health settings and roles-including as a Family Therapist in an intensive outpatient program, as a High School Counselor in Chicago Public Schools, and as a Residential Counselor in a group-home setting.
Hi! My name is Mike Biederman (he/him) and I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in both Maine and Illinois. I have 12+ years of experience working with adults and adolescents in a variety of mental health settings and roles-including as a Family Therapist in an intensive outpatient program, as a High School Counselor in Chicago Public Schools, and as a Residential Counselor in a group-home setting.
(207) 548-5434 View (207) 548-5434
Photo of Katie Kimball, LCPC-C, MS, Counselor
Katie Kimball
Counselor, LCPC-C, MS
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04101
Waitlist for new clients
I provide services for people who are experiencing mental health concerns, challenges with life transitions, and difficulties with relationships. We will endeavor to process your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors on an individual basis as well as through the lens of your larger social context.
I provide services for people who are experiencing mental health concerns, challenges with life transitions, and difficulties with relationships. We will endeavor to process your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors on an individual basis as well as through the lens of your larger social context.
(207) 994-8060 View (207) 994-8060
Photo of Christopher Chiverton, PsyD, Psychologist
Christopher Chiverton
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04101
Hi there, thanks for visiting my profile! I provide therapy for children, adolescents, and adults, offering a laid-back yet deeply caring approach to therapy. I believe that building a trusting relationship is the cornerstone of successful therapy, and I strive to create a non-judgmental, client-centered space where creativity and thoughtful care are at the heart of addressing your concerns.
Hi there, thanks for visiting my profile! I provide therapy for children, adolescents, and adults, offering a laid-back yet deeply caring approach to therapy. I believe that building a trusting relationship is the cornerstone of successful therapy, and I strive to create a non-judgmental, client-centered space where creativity and thoughtful care are at the heart of addressing your concerns.
(207) 536-6189 View (207) 536-6189
Photo of Katherine J Stein, MA, LCPC, LADC, CCS, Counselor
Katherine J Stein
Counselor, MA, LCPC, LADC, CCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, ME 04101  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
We often come to therapy because we are lost in the woods of our lives. Sometimes the woods are dark and scary, sometimes they are just confusing. Somehow, we have gone off the path, thinking we knew the way, and have come to realize we are not where we had hoped to be. Perhaps we never had a clear path to begin with. I see my role as a guide and companion on your journey from where you are to where you would like to be—I’ll hold a map and flashlight and walk alongside you as you discover where you have been, how you came to be where you are, and the direction you’d like to go.
We often come to therapy because we are lost in the woods of our lives. Sometimes the woods are dark and scary, sometimes they are just confusing. Somehow, we have gone off the path, thinking we knew the way, and have come to realize we are not where we had hoped to be. Perhaps we never had a clear path to begin with. I see my role as a guide and companion on your journey from where you are to where you would like to be—I’ll hold a map and flashlight and walk alongside you as you discover where you have been, how you came to be where you are, and the direction you’d like to go.
(207) 506-3015 View (207) 506-3015
Photo of Allison Hart, LCPC, CADC, Counselor
Allison Hart
Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Portland, ME 04103
Not accepting new clients
There are experiences and challenges that cause difficulty in life and interfere with our wellness. Severe mental illness symptoms, trauma, transition, loss, substance use issues can interfere with daily life and relationships. I strive to hold a safe space in which a person can share what they are going through and accompany them as they find their own answers and navigate their individual healing journeys. Therapy is a collaborative relationship in which both people bring their knowledge, experience, and resources to the relationship to move towards increased wellness and treatment goals.
There are experiences and challenges that cause difficulty in life and interfere with our wellness. Severe mental illness symptoms, trauma, transition, loss, substance use issues can interfere with daily life and relationships. I strive to hold a safe space in which a person can share what they are going through and accompany them as they find their own answers and navigate their individual healing journeys. Therapy is a collaborative relationship in which both people bring their knowledge, experience, and resources to the relationship to move towards increased wellness and treatment goals.
(207) 690-5928 View (207) 690-5928
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, ME

900+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Portland, ME who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
66% Life Transitions
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% Aetna
57% Anthem

How Therapists in Portland, ME see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.