Therapists in Scarsdale, NY

Photo of Yoni Mandelbaum, PsyD , MSEd, Psychologist
Yoni Mandelbaum
Psychologist, PsyD , MSEd
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I work closely with adolescent, college-aged, and adult clients struggling with anxiety, depression, and life transitions to help resolve the distress they are experiencing. I collaborate with my clients to develop solution-focused approaches to help them feel less stuck, more present, and more in control of their daily experiences. I am trained in evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which targets how our thoughts impact our emotions and behaviors, and I integrate insight-oriented therapies that help clients hit refresh and feel re-engaged while navigating school, work, relationships, and other important moments.
I work closely with adolescent, college-aged, and adult clients struggling with anxiety, depression, and life transitions to help resolve the distress they are experiencing. I collaborate with my clients to develop solution-focused approaches to help them feel less stuck, more present, and more in control of their daily experiences. I am trained in evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which targets how our thoughts impact our emotions and behaviors, and I integrate insight-oriented therapies that help clients hit refresh and feel re-engaged while navigating school, work, relationships, and other important moments.
(718) 866-4213 View (718) 866-4213
Photo of Kimberly Gevint, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kimberly Gevint
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Are you struggling with big life transitions, anxiety, depression or parent/child issues? Whatever your age or current struggle is, I focus on “progress, not perfection.” I'll guide you to manage symptoms and steer you away from identifying solely as a diagnoses. My experience includes postpartum depression, anxiety, crisis stabilization, psychosis and chronic diseases like IBD. Providing support to adolescents with depression and anxiety related to school, family, relationships, body image and social media are more prevalent post pandemic and I lend myself to those who are in need of guidance and support in these areas.
Are you struggling with big life transitions, anxiety, depression or parent/child issues? Whatever your age or current struggle is, I focus on “progress, not perfection.” I'll guide you to manage symptoms and steer you away from identifying solely as a diagnoses. My experience includes postpartum depression, anxiety, crisis stabilization, psychosis and chronic diseases like IBD. Providing support to adolescents with depression and anxiety related to school, family, relationships, body image and social media are more prevalent post pandemic and I lend myself to those who are in need of guidance and support in these areas.
(347) 342-1220 View (347) 342-1220
Photo of Ilana Rosenberg, PhD, Psychologist
Ilana Rosenberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I'd like to help if you are struggling with your inner critic, unfulfilling relationships or life transitions and want to be your best self more of the time. Therapy can help you develop self-compassion and open the path to more meaningful & fulfilling relationships. Together, we’ll work on reclaiming your calm, wise, confident, clear self, so that you are better able to cope with whatever life brings. We’ll learn to embrace our feelings & we'll work on transforming those negative self-beliefs in order to free you from the burden of fear, sadness, and disappointment.
I'd like to help if you are struggling with your inner critic, unfulfilling relationships or life transitions and want to be your best self more of the time. Therapy can help you develop self-compassion and open the path to more meaningful & fulfilling relationships. Together, we’ll work on reclaiming your calm, wise, confident, clear self, so that you are better able to cope with whatever life brings. We’ll learn to embrace our feelings & we'll work on transforming those negative self-beliefs in order to free you from the burden of fear, sadness, and disappointment.
(914) 827-5605 View (914) 827-5605
Photo of Jason Duncan, PhD, Psychologist
Jason Duncan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
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Photo of Laura Fechter, PsyD, Psychologist
Laura Fechter
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I have 24 years of experience in working with adults and adolescents who present with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, ADHD, identity issues, trauma, parenting issues, family conflict, and relationship difficulties. I work with clients to understand the root of their current difficulties, and to help them develop the insight that they will need to avoid repeating problematic patterns. I meet the client where he/she is at to work on the issues that both feel most relevant and also interfere most with their enjoyment of life. There is a dual focus on symptom relief and on building introspection and self-esteem.
I have 24 years of experience in working with adults and adolescents who present with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, ADHD, identity issues, trauma, parenting issues, family conflict, and relationship difficulties. I work with clients to understand the root of their current difficulties, and to help them develop the insight that they will need to avoid repeating problematic patterns. I meet the client where he/she is at to work on the issues that both feel most relevant and also interfere most with their enjoyment of life. There is a dual focus on symptom relief and on building introspection and self-esteem.
(917) 725-2074 View (917) 725-2074
Photo of Sean O'Connor, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Sean O'Connor
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Do you sometimes: Have frequent angry outbursts that are impacting your job and relationships? Feel stuck in an endless cycle between dwelling on the past and worrying about the future? Struggle with constant negative thoughts, debilitating anxiety, and poor concentration? Believe depression and anxiety are hindering your potential to perform socially, academically or athletically?
Do you sometimes: Have frequent angry outbursts that are impacting your job and relationships? Feel stuck in an endless cycle between dwelling on the past and worrying about the future? Struggle with constant negative thoughts, debilitating anxiety, and poor concentration? Believe depression and anxiety are hindering your potential to perform socially, academically or athletically?
(914) 246-5714 View (914) 246-5714
Photo of Lauren Dobbs, PsyD, Psychologist
Lauren Dobbs
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
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Photo of Suzanne Schuster, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Suzanne Schuster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Life can be challenging. My goal is to help each client achieve growth, change and healing in order to live the full and meaningful life they deserve.
Life can be challenging. My goal is to help each client achieve growth, change and healing in order to live the full and meaningful life they deserve.
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Photo of Christine Peters, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christine Peters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Christine has over 10 years of therapy experience, utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other approaches. She received her degree from New York University and is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. She has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults for a variety of issues. These include depression, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, phobias, panic, anger, stress, insomnia, ADHD, autism, developmental delays, and work/home/school issues.
Christine has over 10 years of therapy experience, utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other approaches. She received her degree from New York University and is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. She has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults for a variety of issues. These include depression, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, phobias, panic, anger, stress, insomnia, ADHD, autism, developmental delays, and work/home/school issues.
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Photo of Brenda Boatswain - Godsend Psychological Services PLLC, PhD, CGP, Psychologist
Godsend Psychological Services PLLC
Psychologist, PhD, CGP
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I founded Godsend Psychological Services PLLC to offer the best in evidenced based services to clients in an ethical, professional, confidential and supportive manner. Services offered include preventative strategies, evaluations, consultations, personalized counseling plans, individual therapy, group therapy, parenting groups and workshops. I am a licensed Counseling Psychologist, and Certified Group Psychotherapist with over 20 years experience as a trusted counselor and professional. Services focus on mind-body-spirit integration practices for fulfilling relationships and optimal well being.
I founded Godsend Psychological Services PLLC to offer the best in evidenced based services to clients in an ethical, professional, confidential and supportive manner. Services offered include preventative strategies, evaluations, consultations, personalized counseling plans, individual therapy, group therapy, parenting groups and workshops. I am a licensed Counseling Psychologist, and Certified Group Psychotherapist with over 20 years experience as a trusted counselor and professional. Services focus on mind-body-spirit integration practices for fulfilling relationships and optimal well being.
(914) 282-3395 View (914) 282-3395
Kirsten Marchesano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Kirsten is a licensed clinical social worker with a behavioral health and business background. She provides clinical consultation, coaching, and therapy depending on clients' presenting issues, needs, and goals.
Kirsten is a licensed clinical social worker with a behavioral health and business background. She provides clinical consultation, coaching, and therapy depending on clients' presenting issues, needs, and goals.
(914) 574-2612 View (914) 574-2612
Photo of Laura Bologh, PhD, Psychologist
Laura Bologh
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
My practice is devoted to Adults, Children and Adolescents. I strive to create a calm and relaxed office environment that facilitates easy and comfortable conversations. I provide individual, family and couples counseling sessions either in person in my office, by phone or through virtual sessions to meet the different time constraints of my patients. My goal is to customize our time together to help us reach your goals.
My practice is devoted to Adults, Children and Adolescents. I strive to create a calm and relaxed office environment that facilitates easy and comfortable conversations. I provide individual, family and couples counseling sessions either in person in my office, by phone or through virtual sessions to meet the different time constraints of my patients. My goal is to customize our time together to help us reach your goals.
(914) 574-2363 View (914) 574-2363
Photo of Kaitlin Murphy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kaitlin Murphy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scarsdale, NY 10583  (Online Only)
I am a New York State licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in adults who seek assistance with a range of emotional and psychological concerns; such as anxiety, depression and relationship difficulties. I have a passion for working with clients through all of life's changes and obstacles. I specialize in assisting adults with anxieties regarding employment, romantic relationships and/or friendships. My goal is to give you the tools to enhance your life, manage your emotions and feel in control again.
I am a New York State licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in adults who seek assistance with a range of emotional and psychological concerns; such as anxiety, depression and relationship difficulties. I have a passion for working with clients through all of life's changes and obstacles. I specialize in assisting adults with anxieties regarding employment, romantic relationships and/or friendships. My goal is to give you the tools to enhance your life, manage your emotions and feel in control again.
(914) 312-4649 View (914) 312-4649
Photo of Dr. Ashlee McCargo (Née Davis), PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Ashlee McCargo (Née Davis)
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Not accepting new clients
You hold the inner resources to engage in self-healing and the resources to navigate all life throws your way. Sometimes we simply need help navigating the inevitable difficulties and challenges we might face. My role is to empower you on your journey, to challenge your lens, and to raise your consciousness as you start to connect the dots. Unresolved emotions oftentimes manifest as depression, anxiety, conflicts with loved ones or at work, immune suppression, headaches, muscle tension and more.
You hold the inner resources to engage in self-healing and the resources to navigate all life throws your way. Sometimes we simply need help navigating the inevitable difficulties and challenges we might face. My role is to empower you on your journey, to challenge your lens, and to raise your consciousness as you start to connect the dots. Unresolved emotions oftentimes manifest as depression, anxiety, conflicts with loved ones or at work, immune suppression, headaches, muscle tension and more.
(914) 491-5767 View (914) 491-5767
Photo of Ranjana Hari, PsyD, NCSP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ranjana Hari
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I'm a dedicated psychotherapist with an extensive and diverse background, spanning private practice, schools, college clinics, foster care, and hospitals, including acute care. With a passion for treating individuals of all ages, I specialize in harnessing the power of evidence-based therapies to create long-lasting positive change, focusing on the core of issues, rather than surface change. I take pride in fostering a safe, warm, and compassionate environment that embraces the unique perspectives of clients from diverse backgrounds. Even the most resistant patients find themselves engaged in the therapeutic process under my care.
I'm a dedicated psychotherapist with an extensive and diverse background, spanning private practice, schools, college clinics, foster care, and hospitals, including acute care. With a passion for treating individuals of all ages, I specialize in harnessing the power of evidence-based therapies to create long-lasting positive change, focusing on the core of issues, rather than surface change. I take pride in fostering a safe, warm, and compassionate environment that embraces the unique perspectives of clients from diverse backgrounds. Even the most resistant patients find themselves engaged in the therapeutic process under my care.
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Photo of Jesse B Marroquin, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jesse B Marroquin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scarsdale, NY 10583
Life already has its’ natural and expected stressors but when combined with unresolved conflict it can feel almost impossible to cope and strive. We often forget that our lives are fluid and we stay in a rigid frozen state and forget our own resilience and adaptability. However; it is in those events, we realize there is much we don’t know about ourselves. We come to the fruition that we want to get better, feel less pain and anguish and we begin to feel accomplished through growth.
Life already has its’ natural and expected stressors but when combined with unresolved conflict it can feel almost impossible to cope and strive. We often forget that our lives are fluid and we stay in a rigid frozen state and forget our own resilience and adaptability. However; it is in those events, we realize there is much we don’t know about ourselves. We come to the fruition that we want to get better, feel less pain and anguish and we begin to feel accomplished through growth.
(914) 928-2995 View (914) 928-2995
Photo of Allison Hilary Kahner, PsyD, Psychologist
Allison Hilary Kahner
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice for 20+ years. I specialize in providing cognitive behavioral therapy and schema-focused cognitive therapy. I treat a wide variety of problems, such as anxiety disorders (panic disorder, social anxiety, phobias, OCD), depression, low self-esteem, relationship problems, compulsive overeating, weight loss/management, addictions and more. I work with adults, in individual and couples therapy. My approach is solution-oriented, and through the process of our collaborative effort, our overarching goal is to help you to achieve positive change that will help you to feel better and to improve your life.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice for 20+ years. I specialize in providing cognitive behavioral therapy and schema-focused cognitive therapy. I treat a wide variety of problems, such as anxiety disorders (panic disorder, social anxiety, phobias, OCD), depression, low self-esteem, relationship problems, compulsive overeating, weight loss/management, addictions and more. I work with adults, in individual and couples therapy. My approach is solution-oriented, and through the process of our collaborative effort, our overarching goal is to help you to achieve positive change that will help you to feel better and to improve your life.
(914) 491-5905 View (914) 491-5905
Photo of Lisa A Katzen, LCSWR, R-, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa A Katzen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWR, R-
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
In an age where families are incredibly busy and behaviors tend to occur at home, I realize the limitations of office based work. My home based therapy encourages parents to come up with realistic plans based on their natural home environment. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience. I work with parents on ways to effectively manage their children's behavior in the comfort of their home. My expertise lies in families with children from birth to high school age. The children can be either typically developing or struggle with issues around Anxiety, OCD, ODD, and trichillmania.
In an age where families are incredibly busy and behaviors tend to occur at home, I realize the limitations of office based work. My home based therapy encourages parents to come up with realistic plans based on their natural home environment. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience. I work with parents on ways to effectively manage their children's behavior in the comfort of their home. My expertise lies in families with children from birth to high school age. The children can be either typically developing or struggle with issues around Anxiety, OCD, ODD, and trichillmania.
(914) 821-5795 View (914) 821-5795
Photo of Wendy Portnoff, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wendy Portnoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583  (Online Only)
Welcome! Thank you for taking the time to review my profile! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) dedicated to supporting teenagers, college-aged students and young adults. My practice focuses on helping individuals navigate personal, profession, and social challenges. With extensive experience, I have successfully assisted clients dealing with ADHD, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues and relationship issues. In addition to these areas, I have a particular passion for working with youth, high school, and college athletes, helping them optimize their mental performance to achieve their goals.
Welcome! Thank you for taking the time to review my profile! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) dedicated to supporting teenagers, college-aged students and young adults. My practice focuses on helping individuals navigate personal, profession, and social challenges. With extensive experience, I have successfully assisted clients dealing with ADHD, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues and relationship issues. In addition to these areas, I have a particular passion for working with youth, high school, and college athletes, helping them optimize their mental performance to achieve their goals.
(914) 540-8667 View (914) 540-8667
Photo of Heidi F. Candell, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heidi F. Candell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scarsdale, NY 10583
I am a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist (CBT), trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and trauma. I treat individual clients (young adults/adults) with anxiety, depression, personality disorders, and other mental illnesses, as well as those who struggle with their interpersonal relationships. I use the most current and effective evidence-based protocols to modulate behavior and improve overall well-being. My holistic approach to treatment helps clients to connect their minds to their somatic reactions for a complete experience, resulting in lasting changes to their lives and achievement of their therapeutic goals.
I am a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist (CBT), trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and trauma. I treat individual clients (young adults/adults) with anxiety, depression, personality disorders, and other mental illnesses, as well as those who struggle with their interpersonal relationships. I use the most current and effective evidence-based protocols to modulate behavior and improve overall well-being. My holistic approach to treatment helps clients to connect their minds to their somatic reactions for a complete experience, resulting in lasting changes to their lives and achievement of their therapeutic goals.
(914) 595-2827 View (914) 595-2827
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scarsdale, NY

500+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Scarsdale, NY who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
87% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
64% Stress
63% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Aetna
56% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
55% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Scarsdale, NY see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scarsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.