Therapists in Redmond, WA

Photo of Mary F Candelaria, PsyD, Psychologist
Mary F Candelaria
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052  (Online Only)
I honor the decision to seek counseling and am highly committed to helping each individual discover their own internal strengths and resources. I have over 20 years of experience in the health field, first as an occupational therapist, and then as a clinical psychologist. I integrate a variety of helpful change strategies including Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT), Emotional Awareness and Expressive therapy (EAET), cognitive-behavioral, and psychodynamic. I utilize a range of treatment modalities, such as Mindfulness, Lifespan Integration, EMDR, and insight-oriented.
I honor the decision to seek counseling and am highly committed to helping each individual discover their own internal strengths and resources. I have over 20 years of experience in the health field, first as an occupational therapist, and then as a clinical psychologist. I integrate a variety of helpful change strategies including Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT), Emotional Awareness and Expressive therapy (EAET), cognitive-behavioral, and psychodynamic. I utilize a range of treatment modalities, such as Mindfulness, Lifespan Integration, EMDR, and insight-oriented.
(425) 954-6961 View (425) 954-6961
Photo of Holley Kaskel - LightHeart Psychological Associates, PsyD, Psychologist
LightHeart Psychological Associates
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052
Securely request an appointment on our website: tinyurl.com/LHA-AppointmentRequest LightHeart provides therapy, medication management & assessment for children, adolescents & adults. We provide individual, family, and couples therapy. We work with all variety of concerns, including acute and chronic depression and anxiety, abuse & trauma, LGBTQ issues, conflicted relationships, & personality disorders. We also have experience working successfully with child behavioral problems.
Securely request an appointment on our website: tinyurl.com/LHA-AppointmentRequest LightHeart provides therapy, medication management & assessment for children, adolescents & adults. We provide individual, family, and couples therapy. We work with all variety of concerns, including acute and chronic depression and anxiety, abuse & trauma, LGBTQ issues, conflicted relationships, & personality disorders. We also have experience working successfully with child behavioral problems.
(206) 752-5362 View (206) 752-5362
Photo of Danielle Silbernagel, MS, NCC, LMHCA, Counselor
Danielle Silbernagel
Counselor, MS, NCC, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redmond, WA 98052
Not accepting new clients
I’m a Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate in the state of Washington. My philosophy is that healing occurs within. Sessions with me offer an inviting atmosphere of trust, compassion, and unconditional positive regard. I work with children, teens, and adults helping them to facilitate growth through various approaches. It is an honor to assist you in developing healthy coping skills and reaching your goals toward a fulfilling life.
I’m a Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate in the state of Washington. My philosophy is that healing occurs within. Sessions with me offer an inviting atmosphere of trust, compassion, and unconditional positive regard. I work with children, teens, and adults helping them to facilitate growth through various approaches. It is an honor to assist you in developing healthy coping skills and reaching your goals toward a fulfilling life.
(425) 295-7697 View (425) 295-7697
Photo of Julia Schipanski, Pre-Licensed Professional
Julia Schipanski
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052
I assist clients who are facing anxiety, social anxiety, depression, panic attacks, low self-esteem, and more. I recognize that life can be overwhelming and isolating and embrace the counseling space as a place to process this and make steps towards growth and self-actualization.
I assist clients who are facing anxiety, social anxiety, depression, panic attacks, low self-esteem, and more. I recognize that life can be overwhelming and isolating and embrace the counseling space as a place to process this and make steps towards growth and self-actualization.
(206) 222-3479 View (206) 222-3479
Photo of Rachelle Friedman, 6134968, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachelle Friedman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, 6134968
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052
As a disabled therapist dedicated to serving the disabled community, I specialize in neurodivergent affirming practices and use EMDR therapy to help disabled clients process trauma. With a background in psychology and neuroscience, I offer informed guidance while we navigate trauma and dismantle ableism together. My approach centers on attuning to your unique needs, fostering a compassionate space where vulnerability is met with support and growth. I draw from proven methods to help you navigate through trauma with care and expertise.
As a disabled therapist dedicated to serving the disabled community, I specialize in neurodivergent affirming practices and use EMDR therapy to help disabled clients process trauma. With a background in psychology and neuroscience, I offer informed guidance while we navigate trauma and dismantle ableism together. My approach centers on attuning to your unique needs, fostering a compassionate space where vulnerability is met with support and growth. I draw from proven methods to help you navigate through trauma with care and expertise.
(425) 842-1019 View (425) 842-1019
Photo of Jenna Rumberger, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jenna Rumberger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Redmond, WA 98052
I provide therapy and consultation services for adults, older adults and their families/caregivers. I specialize in supporting people impacted by chronic illness with a specialization in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. You are not your diagnosis or your symptoms. Therapy is a safe space where all parts of you are welcomed and honored. It is a time to process and explore the feelings that often come up when living with or caring for a person living a chronic illness like fear, worry, and frustrations. My goal is for you to feel heard and valued.
I provide therapy and consultation services for adults, older adults and their families/caregivers. I specialize in supporting people impacted by chronic illness with a specialization in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. You are not your diagnosis or your symptoms. Therapy is a safe space where all parts of you are welcomed and honored. It is a time to process and explore the feelings that often come up when living with or caring for a person living a chronic illness like fear, worry, and frustrations. My goal is for you to feel heard and valued.
(425) 270-7336 View (425) 270-7336
Photo of Debiruth Stanford, LMHC, CDWF, CEQP
Debiruth Stanford
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, CDWF, CEQP
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052
Welcoming the Smart and Unusual - Counseling and coaching services tailored to people ready for "Life, Version 2.0." Tired of the doldrums? Together, we can discover and extinguish patterns that keep you from moving forward. Feel stuck? Out of sync? Let's resolve issues of self-esteem and life purpose and neutralize traumatic experiences and anxiety that hold you back from having the life you want and deserve. Want to retool so that you can take your next steps towards personal stardom? Why not rewrite the outdated scripts and programs that keep you from moving forward and getting great results?
Welcoming the Smart and Unusual - Counseling and coaching services tailored to people ready for "Life, Version 2.0." Tired of the doldrums? Together, we can discover and extinguish patterns that keep you from moving forward. Feel stuck? Out of sync? Let's resolve issues of self-esteem and life purpose and neutralize traumatic experiences and anxiety that hold you back from having the life you want and deserve. Want to retool so that you can take your next steps towards personal stardom? Why not rewrite the outdated scripts and programs that keep you from moving forward and getting great results?
(425) 329-8249 View (425) 329-8249
Photo of Mallory Lyons, MC, LMHC, Counselor
Mallory Lyons
Counselor, MC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052
Hi I’m Mallory. I help people who wish they felt confident and connected but never quite feel like they are good enough or know where they fit in this world. I will support you in identifying your goals, so you can begin to work towards lasting change, even if you don’t know what that looks like. I believe in working collaboratively to figure out how to achieve your goals to make sure you get the results that you want. I know from working with people in different settings and countries, that change is possible! I’d like to help you recognize your potential and start living the life you want.
Hi I’m Mallory. I help people who wish they felt confident and connected but never quite feel like they are good enough or know where they fit in this world. I will support you in identifying your goals, so you can begin to work towards lasting change, even if you don’t know what that looks like. I believe in working collaboratively to figure out how to achieve your goals to make sure you get the results that you want. I know from working with people in different settings and countries, that change is possible! I’d like to help you recognize your potential and start living the life you want.
(425) 230-5917 View (425) 230-5917
Photo of Melanie Liperi, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melanie Liperi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Redmond, WA 98052
I find it a joy and a privilege to help you face difficult life challenges and improve the quality of your relationships. I believe the client-therapist relationship is a critical component of the therapeutic process. It is my priority to offer a warm and welcoming space for you to feel validated and empowered. Together, we will identify personal strengths, increase self-worth, explore family behavioral patterns and barriers to healthy relationships. I believe you already have the tools you need for change and personal growth. It takes a safe space to release emotional weight and begin to see life from a new perspective.
I find it a joy and a privilege to help you face difficult life challenges and improve the quality of your relationships. I believe the client-therapist relationship is a critical component of the therapeutic process. It is my priority to offer a warm and welcoming space for you to feel validated and empowered. Together, we will identify personal strengths, increase self-worth, explore family behavioral patterns and barriers to healthy relationships. I believe you already have the tools you need for change and personal growth. It takes a safe space to release emotional weight and begin to see life from a new perspective.
(425) 642-1223 View (425) 642-1223
Photo of Matthew Zell, MS, MA, LMHCA, Counselor
Matthew Zell
Counselor, MS, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Redmond, WA 98052  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am currently not accepting new clients - You have big dreams and big goals. You hold yourself to a high standard and are harder on yourself than anyone else. Others may not understand the weight of your role or the fears and challenges that come with it. Perhaps you have performed while carrying the heavy burdens of past traumas, pain, and loss. Do you feel unable to show up and live the way you want to at work or home? Does finding a work-life balance feel impossible? Do you look at others and wonder how they are doing it? I believe you deserve to heal from trauma and engage with what is truly important to you!
I am currently not accepting new clients - You have big dreams and big goals. You hold yourself to a high standard and are harder on yourself than anyone else. Others may not understand the weight of your role or the fears and challenges that come with it. Perhaps you have performed while carrying the heavy burdens of past traumas, pain, and loss. Do you feel unable to show up and live the way you want to at work or home? Does finding a work-life balance feel impossible? Do you look at others and wonder how they are doing it? I believe you deserve to heal from trauma and engage with what is truly important to you!
(425) 217-8997 View (425) 217-8997
Photo of Laura Larkin, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Laura Larkin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052
Compassionate, Intuitive, Relevant. Hi, I'm Laura. A Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LF 60944497) who is passionate about helping clients foster more satisfying relationships, heal from past trauma, and find practical and meaningful ways to live with more freedom. To me, therapy is a place of deep listening. Of curiosity, attunement and courage. A place of learning and unlearning, of leaning in and letting go. Most clients come to me to work on relational issues, eating and body image concerns, anxiety, grief, depression, identity and difficulty in life transitions.
Compassionate, Intuitive, Relevant. Hi, I'm Laura. A Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LF 60944497) who is passionate about helping clients foster more satisfying relationships, heal from past trauma, and find practical and meaningful ways to live with more freedom. To me, therapy is a place of deep listening. Of curiosity, attunement and courage. A place of learning and unlearning, of leaning in and letting go. Most clients come to me to work on relational issues, eating and body image concerns, anxiety, grief, depression, identity and difficulty in life transitions.
(425) 243-1908 View (425) 243-1908
Photo of Andrea Schlechty, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea Schlechty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052  (Online Only)
Life is a journey filled with a myriad of experiences, and it is undeniable that at times, it can be incredibly hard. We all face our own unique set of challenges, whether they be personal, professional, or relational. These difficulties can manifest in various forms, such as emotional struggles, unexpected setbacks, loss, or uncertainty about the future. It is during these moments that we may find ourselves feeling overwhelmed, lost or even questioning our purpose. During challenging times, seeking support can be crucial. Connecting with a mental health professional can provide invaluable guidance, perspective, and validation.
Life is a journey filled with a myriad of experiences, and it is undeniable that at times, it can be incredibly hard. We all face our own unique set of challenges, whether they be personal, professional, or relational. These difficulties can manifest in various forms, such as emotional struggles, unexpected setbacks, loss, or uncertainty about the future. It is during these moments that we may find ourselves feeling overwhelmed, lost or even questioning our purpose. During challenging times, seeking support can be crucial. Connecting with a mental health professional can provide invaluable guidance, perspective, and validation.
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Photo of Michael G Chang, Counselor
Michael G Chang
Counselor
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052  (Online Only)
I earned my master’s in counseling psychology from the Seattle School of Theology and Psychology in 2016. With experience working as a residential case manager and intake coordinator in community mental health care settings, I have experience supporting individuals dealing with emotional, psychological, and substance use disorders. I am most drawn to those who identify on the margins or who do not feel they fit into the box society tells them they should fit into.
I earned my master’s in counseling psychology from the Seattle School of Theology and Psychology in 2016. With experience working as a residential case manager and intake coordinator in community mental health care settings, I have experience supporting individuals dealing with emotional, psychological, and substance use disorders. I am most drawn to those who identify on the margins or who do not feel they fit into the box society tells them they should fit into.
(206) 309-7527 View (206) 309-7527
Photo of Tina Choi, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Tina Choi
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Redmond, WA 98052  (Online Only)
Please email me for fastest response! Life can be distressing to manage and cope with. Maybe you’re feeling stuck and unable to enjoy the seasons of your life. Do you feel you’re in a cycle of where joy feels elusive and hopelessness feels near? Perhaps you are feeling overwhelmed, angry or simply numb. Maybe you carry the burden of not being able to talk about experiences because of feelings of shame and insecurity. In all of these experiences, you are not and do not have to be alone. Together, we can learn how to embody & practice an enduring peace throughout all seasons.
Please email me for fastest response! Life can be distressing to manage and cope with. Maybe you’re feeling stuck and unable to enjoy the seasons of your life. Do you feel you’re in a cycle of where joy feels elusive and hopelessness feels near? Perhaps you are feeling overwhelmed, angry or simply numb. Maybe you carry the burden of not being able to talk about experiences because of feelings of shame and insecurity. In all of these experiences, you are not and do not have to be alone. Together, we can learn how to embody & practice an enduring peace throughout all seasons.
(425) 584-6370 View (425) 584-6370
Photo of Amit Kumar
Amit Kumar
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052
I can help. Need to get along better with someone? ...to improve your outlook on life? I can guide you. I can help you understand yourself, and help renew your own personal strategies. I provide life coaching, career coaching, and group (relationship) coaching. In person sessions are preferred, at my office or yours!
I can help. Need to get along better with someone? ...to improve your outlook on life? I can guide you. I can help you understand yourself, and help renew your own personal strategies. I provide life coaching, career coaching, and group (relationship) coaching. In person sessions are preferred, at my office or yours!
(425) 475-3128 View (425) 475-3128
Photo of Kylie Rae Smith, MHC-I, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kylie Rae Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-I
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052
You do not have to struggle alone, so let's heal together. Therapy is a process that models connection and encourages individuals to strengthen their relationships with themselves and others. Together, we can navigate the complexities of your emotions and relationships to further personal growth and healing. We can explore various approaches and find the one that best suits your needs and goals. Your willingness to engage in this process is the first step towards positive change.
You do not have to struggle alone, so let's heal together. Therapy is a process that models connection and encourages individuals to strengthen their relationships with themselves and others. Together, we can navigate the complexities of your emotions and relationships to further personal growth and healing. We can explore various approaches and find the one that best suits your needs and goals. Your willingness to engage in this process is the first step towards positive change.
(425) 364-6978 View (425) 364-6978
Photo of Adam R Duprez, LMFTA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Adam R Duprez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redmond, WA 98052  (Online Only)
You want to live in joy even in the hardest seasons. You know life is hard but it's gotten to be overwhelming, whether through unwanted experiences of anxiety, depression, or destructive behaviors. You need a space that not only helps you cope but helps you grow into the man you want to be. I'm committed to providing a safe environment where men can process their pain and experience healing and transformation. We will work together to discover how to overcome your current challenges, experience personal growth, and reach your goals.
You want to live in joy even in the hardest seasons. You know life is hard but it's gotten to be overwhelming, whether through unwanted experiences of anxiety, depression, or destructive behaviors. You need a space that not only helps you cope but helps you grow into the man you want to be. I'm committed to providing a safe environment where men can process their pain and experience healing and transformation. We will work together to discover how to overcome your current challenges, experience personal growth, and reach your goals.
(206) 312-4937 View (206) 312-4937
Photo of Kathleen D. Kaiser, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen D. Kaiser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052
Not accepting new clients
6/1/22: Not currently accepting patients. Life is hard. From racing thoughts and self-doubt, to fear of failure and imposter syndrome, we may feel uncertain about the way forward, and helpless in our rumination about a painful past. Often, we do this while pretending to be doing great. This is not an unusual struggle, but rather a listing of ordinary human experiences. Life is hard. It can also be rich and meaningful when we are present in our lives and in touch with what matters most.
6/1/22: Not currently accepting patients. Life is hard. From racing thoughts and self-doubt, to fear of failure and imposter syndrome, we may feel uncertain about the way forward, and helpless in our rumination about a painful past. Often, we do this while pretending to be doing great. This is not an unusual struggle, but rather a listing of ordinary human experiences. Life is hard. It can also be rich and meaningful when we are present in our lives and in touch with what matters most.
(206) 309-1221 View (206) 309-1221
Photo of Anne Auerbach, PhD, LMFT, LMHC, CST, CMHS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Anne Auerbach
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LMHC, CST, CMHS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Redmond, WA 98052  (Online Only)
Thank you for taking time to review my psychotherapy profile. I am committed to offering guidance for those on a path to growth and well-being. As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working mindfully & compassionately to help you achieve your goals.
Thank you for taking time to review my psychotherapy profile. I am committed to offering guidance for those on a path to growth and well-being. As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working mindfully & compassionately to help you achieve your goals.
(425) 406-3390 View (425) 406-3390
Photo of Janny Ho - Janny Ho @ Olympia Therapy , MA, LMHC, RPT, Counselor
Janny Ho @ Olympia Therapy
Counselor, MA, LMHC, RPT
Verified Verified
Redmond, WA 98052
As a experienced bicultural Asian therapist from an immigrant family, I am passionate to help clients and provide culturally sensitive care that considers the unique experiences and challenges that clients have while highlighting strengths and talents. I also worked as an school teacher for over ten years because I loved working with students. Now I am happy as a mental health therapist to further facilitate healing and growth for both adults' and children's mental health and see them improve in their work, school and/or relationships. My office for in person is at Bellevue/Redmond. Best way to contact please click (Email us) tab
As a experienced bicultural Asian therapist from an immigrant family, I am passionate to help clients and provide culturally sensitive care that considers the unique experiences and challenges that clients have while highlighting strengths and talents. I also worked as an school teacher for over ten years because I loved working with students. Now I am happy as a mental health therapist to further facilitate healing and growth for both adults' and children's mental health and see them improve in their work, school and/or relationships. My office for in person is at Bellevue/Redmond. Best way to contact please click (Email us) tab
(425) 629-8071 View (425) 629-8071

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Redmond, WA

600+

Average cost per session

$156

Therapists in Redmond, WA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
68% Stress
67% Trauma and PTSD
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Premera
64% Aetna
61% Regence

How Therapists in Redmond, WA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Redmond?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.