Therapists in Shoreview, MN
I find that it is most helpful to speak on the phone initially when sorting out whether you would be comfortable working with me and to see whether I can be helpful with the issues that you are facing. I have worked as a psychologist and marriage and family therapist for over twenty years. I have experience with a wide range of diagnoses including depression and anxiety. My caseload includes adults, adolescents and children. I see families and couples who are struggling with relationships, mental health problems and adjustment to life's developmental challenges.
I find that it is most helpful to speak on the phone initially when sorting out whether you would be comfortable working with me and to see whether I can be helpful with the issues that you are facing. I have worked as a psychologist and marriage and family therapist for over twenty years. I have experience with a wide range of diagnoses including depression and anxiety. My caseload includes adults, adolescents and children. I see families and couples who are struggling with relationships, mental health problems and adjustment to life's developmental challenges.
![Photo of Tom Graske, MA, LP, CSAT, RN, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3cb2b9c9-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/4/320x400.jpeg)
Feeling confused and overwelmed? With over 30 years of clinical experience, my goal is to help you reach clarity and peace of mind with a caring and supportive approach. Whether you are struggling with sexual addiction, anxiety, depression or relationship problems, we will work together to reach your personal goals.
Feeling confused and overwelmed? With over 30 years of clinical experience, my goal is to help you reach clarity and peace of mind with a caring and supportive approach. Whether you are struggling with sexual addiction, anxiety, depression or relationship problems, we will work together to reach your personal goals.
![Photo of Maryanne Lassegard, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4d4ebff9-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I provide supportive positive-focused therapy to help people make the changes in their life that they want to see. My services are research-based treatments for anxiety, depression, sleep problems, relationships, grief and loss, and behavior change. We work together to establish goals and develop treatment plans based on your priorities and needs. I offer practical instruction in coping skills as well as treatment for healing emotional wounds. I work with many people who have suffered childhood abuse and traumatic experiences to provide healing services and assistance in developing a healthy and happier life.
I provide supportive positive-focused therapy to help people make the changes in their life that they want to see. My services are research-based treatments for anxiety, depression, sleep problems, relationships, grief and loss, and behavior change. We work together to establish goals and develop treatment plans based on your priorities and needs. I offer practical instruction in coping skills as well as treatment for healing emotional wounds. I work with many people who have suffered childhood abuse and traumatic experiences to provide healing services and assistance in developing a healthy and happier life.
![Photo of Cyrus Davani, LPCC, LCPC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f47ea359-7aa3-4a4d-80a0-cbda0bdf47bf/3/320x400.jpeg)
So you're contemplating counseling? I’m glad you stopped by! I'm Cyrus and I've been a professional counselor for close to 10 yrs. My experience has allowed me to work in substance-use, corrections (jail), community, and private practice contexts. I've worked with both individuals who've gone through a difficult life transition and people who would (likely) never seek counseling on their own. In other words, I've been fortunate to work with a diverse clientele, of which I'm grateful. Generally though, I work with those who are experiencing anxiety, depression, addiction, or personality disorder(s) with the ultimate aim of recovery.
So you're contemplating counseling? I’m glad you stopped by! I'm Cyrus and I've been a professional counselor for close to 10 yrs. My experience has allowed me to work in substance-use, corrections (jail), community, and private practice contexts. I've worked with both individuals who've gone through a difficult life transition and people who would (likely) never seek counseling on their own. In other words, I've been fortunate to work with a diverse clientele, of which I'm grateful. Generally though, I work with those who are experiencing anxiety, depression, addiction, or personality disorder(s) with the ultimate aim of recovery.
![Photo of Margie Melaniphy, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b540538e-3f48-4d30-a90b-38a42374fe68/1/320x400.jpeg)
We all get stuck in behavior patterns that aren’t necessarily what we want for ourselves. Really, if we could choose, none of us would struggle with worries, fears, doubts, sadness, or loneliness. We wouldn’t need to try to push away these difficult emotions by engaging in avoidant or even destructive behavior patterns. It’s natural to try and protect ourselves from emotional pain, but the cost is high. Our lives get smaller, more inflexible, less meaningful, and less vital. My goal in working with individuals is to help people open up, live in the present moment, and make choices that are driven by values, rather than fear.
We all get stuck in behavior patterns that aren’t necessarily what we want for ourselves. Really, if we could choose, none of us would struggle with worries, fears, doubts, sadness, or loneliness. We wouldn’t need to try to push away these difficult emotions by engaging in avoidant or even destructive behavior patterns. It’s natural to try and protect ourselves from emotional pain, but the cost is high. Our lives get smaller, more inflexible, less meaningful, and less vital. My goal in working with individuals is to help people open up, live in the present moment, and make choices that are driven by values, rather than fear.
![Photo of Susan L Buesing, MS, LMFT, LD, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3e6644fd-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist as well as a licensed Dietician, in private practice, who specializes in the treatment of Eating Disorders. Since 1984, I have served a clientele of children 12 and over, teens, athletes, adults, and couples. I provide clients suffering from Eating Disorders both therapy and nutritional restoration.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist as well as a licensed Dietician, in private practice, who specializes in the treatment of Eating Disorders. Since 1984, I have served a clientele of children 12 and over, teens, athletes, adults, and couples. I provide clients suffering from Eating Disorders both therapy and nutritional restoration.
![Photo of Mary E Sanders, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3fc6cb35-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I specialize in helping clients navigate life transitions and the anxiety and depression that can go with them. I am trained in DBT and use a variety of therapies to assist clients.
I specialize in helping clients navigate life transitions and the anxiety and depression that can go with them. I am trained in DBT and use a variety of therapies to assist clients.
![Photo of Jack Stoltzfus - Family Behavioral Healthcare, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/460f14bc-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am America's Launch Coach. Today's parents struggle with how much to support and how much to let go of young adult children. Parents are closer to and more invested in the success of their kids than past generations. It's harder for both parents and young adults to let go. Young adults struggle with depression, anxiety, and trying to succeed in school and life in general. COVID-19 and the depressed economy stress families and lead to greater rates of depression and anxiety, and complicate the normal launch process. I work with both parents and young adults, depending upon who is seeking help.
I am America's Launch Coach. Today's parents struggle with how much to support and how much to let go of young adult children. Parents are closer to and more invested in the success of their kids than past generations. It's harder for both parents and young adults to let go. Young adults struggle with depression, anxiety, and trying to succeed in school and life in general. COVID-19 and the depressed economy stress families and lead to greater rates of depression and anxiety, and complicate the normal launch process. I work with both parents and young adults, depending upon who is seeking help.
![Photo of Ania Scanlan, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5820c33c-a90a-4eba-8b97-d47cc362b673/1/320x400.jpeg)
Do you need a space of your own to process your life? A place to get to know yourself more deeply and consistently? So that you can be real and show up more in your relationships and your life? Life can be chaotic and make us feel unsure about ourselves and lonely in our valued relationships. I help women struggling to find their own power or who feel uncertain about things in their lives. I support couples that are experiencing challenges and want to improve their connection, communication, and life together as a couple.
Do you need a space of your own to process your life? A place to get to know yourself more deeply and consistently? So that you can be real and show up more in your relationships and your life? Life can be chaotic and make us feel unsure about ourselves and lonely in our valued relationships. I help women struggling to find their own power or who feel uncertain about things in their lives. I support couples that are experiencing challenges and want to improve their connection, communication, and life together as a couple.
![Photo of Robert Mantia, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/423b5210-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
So it's come to this. You're looking for a counselor. Maybe you've been putting this off for a long time and something happened just recently to make you take the step. Maybe someone you know thinks you should "get help." Maybe there's something you want to talk about but don't know if you can tell your family or friends. Or maybe it's something totally different. My job is to give you the tools you need to make your current situation better by increasing your knowledge, skills, insight, awareness, and most of all, hope.
So it's come to this. You're looking for a counselor. Maybe you've been putting this off for a long time and something happened just recently to make you take the step. Maybe someone you know thinks you should "get help." Maybe there's something you want to talk about but don't know if you can tell your family or friends. Or maybe it's something totally different. My job is to give you the tools you need to make your current situation better by increasing your knowledge, skills, insight, awareness, and most of all, hope.
![Photo of Seth Dahle, MS, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8a2a6baf-f802-4a59-8254-9641e7d4a6d4/2/320x400.jpeg)
We believe that too often families are excluded from the care of substance use and mental health issues. Our approach is rooted in the understanding that substance use disorders, mental health challenges, and family dynamics are interconnected. Our team combines compassionate care with evidence-based practices to deliver an effective, individualized approach. Whether addressing substance use, mental health, or family relationship concerns, we utilize methods such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, family systems therapy, and motivational interviewing in our approach. We do not take insurance and are private pay only, at this time.
We believe that too often families are excluded from the care of substance use and mental health issues. Our approach is rooted in the understanding that substance use disorders, mental health challenges, and family dynamics are interconnected. Our team combines compassionate care with evidence-based practices to deliver an effective, individualized approach. Whether addressing substance use, mental health, or family relationship concerns, we utilize methods such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, family systems therapy, and motivational interviewing in our approach. We do not take insurance and are private pay only, at this time.
![Photo of Rachael Ann Gusaas, MDiv, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3fa6aeb6-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Rachael Ann Gusaas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, LMFT
Verified Verified
Shoreview, MN 55126 (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Ordained Minister with over 20 years of combined experience as a Pastor and Therapist working with individuals, couples and families as they navigate life's challenges. I work with couples, adults, and teens dealing with complex grief, life transitions, caretaker fatigue, boundaries, trauma and abuse, and spiritual issues. I employ a holistic approach and systemic perspective to therapy, believing people are made up of many parts – body, mind and spirit, existing in complex relationship systems. I am a member of AAMFT and MAMFT.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Ordained Minister with over 20 years of combined experience as a Pastor and Therapist working with individuals, couples and families as they navigate life's challenges. I work with couples, adults, and teens dealing with complex grief, life transitions, caretaker fatigue, boundaries, trauma and abuse, and spiritual issues. I employ a holistic approach and systemic perspective to therapy, believing people are made up of many parts – body, mind and spirit, existing in complex relationship systems. I am a member of AAMFT and MAMFT.
![Photo of Jenn John, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/481fdeb4-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Entering into (or even the thought of entering into) a therapeutic process takes a lot of ambition and courage. The therapy process is not an easy one, but it can be a highly successful and rewarding one when it lessens your suffering, reduces troubling symptoms, and increases your ability to cope with the stressors of life. These are all outcomes that are best achieved within a nurturing and supportive relationship with a helping professional. It would be my honor to support you in your quest towards health.
Entering into (or even the thought of entering into) a therapeutic process takes a lot of ambition and courage. The therapy process is not an easy one, but it can be a highly successful and rewarding one when it lessens your suffering, reduces troubling symptoms, and increases your ability to cope with the stressors of life. These are all outcomes that are best achieved within a nurturing and supportive relationship with a helping professional. It would be my honor to support you in your quest towards health.
![Photo of Sarah E Heuser, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/522e4cb2-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Are you an adult interested in making changes in your life and may be: Feeling stuck in your career, relationships, and/or with your sense of self; Feeling disconnected; Wanting to have more of a sense of your values and purpose in life; Feeling satisfied in your life and wanting to process ways to keep feeling fulfilled; Having experienced trauma and wanting to interrupt the negative impact of trauma on your present life; Questioning if you are ever good enough or are doing enough in your life; Experiencing chronic pain and/or health conditions
Are you an adult interested in making changes in your life and may be: Feeling stuck in your career, relationships, and/or with your sense of self; Feeling disconnected; Wanting to have more of a sense of your values and purpose in life; Feeling satisfied in your life and wanting to process ways to keep feeling fulfilled; Having experienced trauma and wanting to interrupt the negative impact of trauma on your present life; Questioning if you are ever good enough or are doing enough in your life; Experiencing chronic pain and/or health conditions
![Photo of Leanne Mairs, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4d545f66-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
My approach is focused on the solutions you want to achieve. When you work with me, we will articulate what it is you want and need to move forward, and then we will harvest the unique strengths you already have to get there. We will collaborate on changing the aspects of your behavior that are not working for you. My approach does not begin and end with problems or the past—we only make those inquiries in order to frame solutions for the present. My work draws from several theoretical frameworks, including CBT, Internal Family Systems, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, CPT, and EMDR to help you achieve your goals and aspirations
My approach is focused on the solutions you want to achieve. When you work with me, we will articulate what it is you want and need to move forward, and then we will harvest the unique strengths you already have to get there. We will collaborate on changing the aspects of your behavior that are not working for you. My approach does not begin and end with problems or the past—we only make those inquiries in order to frame solutions for the present. My work draws from several theoretical frameworks, including CBT, Internal Family Systems, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, CPT, and EMDR to help you achieve your goals and aspirations
![Photo of Sharon Stein McNamara - Sharon Stein McNamara Ed.D. Psychology Inc., EdD, LP, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/793ec7e7-469d-48f7-aa6a-b50c5f6ac7c9/2/320x400.jpeg)
Sharon Stein McNamara Ed.D. Psychology Inc.
Psychologist, EdD, LP
Verified Verified
Shoreview, MN 55126
You can make the change you want. And I can help. I can assist you in transforming negative and destructive thoughts and behavior into more helpful and compassionate responses. I start with assessing your particular patterns that are self-defeating to what you would like to change in your life. Then I design a program to help you change these behaviors and cope with your existing situation. This mindfulness-based therapy emphasizes working together to help you with depression, anxiety, addictions, eating disorders, and chronic or emotional pain; resolve relationship issues; or recover from trauma and grief.
You can make the change you want. And I can help. I can assist you in transforming negative and destructive thoughts and behavior into more helpful and compassionate responses. I start with assessing your particular patterns that are self-defeating to what you would like to change in your life. Then I design a program to help you change these behaviors and cope with your existing situation. This mindfulness-based therapy emphasizes working together to help you with depression, anxiety, addictions, eating disorders, and chronic or emotional pain; resolve relationship issues; or recover from trauma and grief.
![Photo of Dr. Amanda R. Donnelly, PhD, LP, LPCC, BCB, NCC, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/25dbd53e-d28c-4613-8d80-aa8c9f11cff0/3/320x400.jpeg)
Dr. Amanda R. Donnelly
Psychologist, PhD, LP, LPCC, BCB, NCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Shoreview, MN 55126
Has pain, anxiety, or depression been in the driver’s seat of your life? You want to take part in activities, but that feels close to impossible, or maybe your desire to do anything has faded altogether. Even what seems like small tasks feel overwhelming and if you complete them, afterwards you then have to rest for days. You might be irritated easily and often, and maybe people you care about are experiencing the consequences. You have likely attended countless medical appointments and attempted various treatments. I would like to try to help you increase your quality of life.
Has pain, anxiety, or depression been in the driver’s seat of your life? You want to take part in activities, but that feels close to impossible, or maybe your desire to do anything has faded altogether. Even what seems like small tasks feel overwhelming and if you complete them, afterwards you then have to rest for days. You might be irritated easily and often, and maybe people you care about are experiencing the consequences. You have likely attended countless medical appointments and attempted various treatments. I would like to try to help you increase your quality of life.
![Photo of Tara Palmer, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c4651de-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Tara Palmer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Shoreview, MN 55126
Waitlist for new clients
No two people are exactly alike. Tara pulls from many different therapeutic models allowing her to tailor a unique approach for each client. Tara chooses to keep her caseload small so she can put her full energy into each person she sees. Tara gets to know each of her clients as individuals and creates a safe place to work through challenges
No two people are exactly alike. Tara pulls from many different therapeutic models allowing her to tailor a unique approach for each client. Tara chooses to keep her caseload small so she can put her full energy into each person she sees. Tara gets to know each of her clients as individuals and creates a safe place to work through challenges
![Photo of Janet Yeats, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d78b055a-c094-4c0b-b3db-f1ca4e04b938/2/320x400.jpeg)
Janet Yeats
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shoreview, MN 55126 (Online Only)
Trauma and loss are a common part of every person’s life. We suffer beyond the experience of a specific trauma and loss, and our lives are impacted by that suffering. In the face of trauma and loss, our culture often sends the message that we should “just move on and get over it.” I would rather honor what has been lost and allow for grief to be felt. Only when we have truly processed our trauma and loss can we move into our lives holding the grief in healthy ways.
Trauma and loss are a common part of every person’s life. We suffer beyond the experience of a specific trauma and loss, and our lives are impacted by that suffering. In the face of trauma and loss, our culture often sends the message that we should “just move on and get over it.” I would rather honor what has been lost and allow for grief to be felt. Only when we have truly processed our trauma and loss can we move into our lives holding the grief in healthy ways.
![Photo of Nancy J Dorman, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3ce2ea0d-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Feeling overwhelmed? Inadequate? Undone? Exhausted trying to juggle everything perfectly all of the time? Disappointed with relationships? Ready to consider what keeps you from changes you want? Wondering if life could be better if things were "tweaked" a little? You are not alone! You matter. Your story matters. Help also matters because we weren't meant to "go it alone". All of us need help along the way. And the client-therapist relationship matters: it's important that you are comfortable and find a safe place where your story---your thoughts, perspectives, hopes, and dreams---can be heard, valued, and repurposed for your next chapter.
Feeling overwhelmed? Inadequate? Undone? Exhausted trying to juggle everything perfectly all of the time? Disappointed with relationships? Ready to consider what keeps you from changes you want? Wondering if life could be better if things were "tweaked" a little? You are not alone! You matter. Your story matters. Help also matters because we weren't meant to "go it alone". All of us need help along the way. And the client-therapist relationship matters: it's important that you are comfortable and find a safe place where your story---your thoughts, perspectives, hopes, and dreams---can be heard, valued, and repurposed for your next chapter.
See more therapy options for Shoreview
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Shoreview, MN
50+
Average cost per session
$150
Therapists in Shoreview, MN who prioritize treating:
93% | Anxiety |
89% | Depression |
79% | Relationship Issues |
77% | Self Esteem |
71% | Trauma and PTSD |
68% | Grief |
64% | Coping Skills |
Average years in practice
12 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
82% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
82% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
74% | Aetna |
How Therapists in Shoreview, MN see their clients
79% | In Person and Online | |
21% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
74% | Female | |
26% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Shoreview?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.