Therapists in Providence County, RI

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Photo of Kimberly Erin Masterson - ME Psychotherapy, LMHC, Counselor
ME Psychotherapy
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Providence, RI 02906
Hello! My name is Kim Masterson and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in both Rhode Island and Massachusetts. I have over 15 years of experience working with children, adolescents, young adults, adults and families in a variety of settings. I take great pride in treating my clients with the utmost respect and building a strong therapeutic relationship based on honesty and integrity. My goal is to provide a supportive, non-judgmental atmosphere in which together, we can explore ways to help you feel better and recognize your true strengths and full potential.
Hello! My name is Kim Masterson and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in both Rhode Island and Massachusetts. I have over 15 years of experience working with children, adolescents, young adults, adults and families in a variety of settings. I take great pride in treating my clients with the utmost respect and building a strong therapeutic relationship based on honesty and integrity. My goal is to provide a supportive, non-judgmental atmosphere in which together, we can explore ways to help you feel better and recognize your true strengths and full potential.
(401) 633-2929 View (401) 633-2929
Photo of Jay Soucy, PsyD, Psychologist
Jay Soucy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Providence, RI 02903
Waitlist for new clients
NOTE: the only insurances I accept are the student insurances for Brown University and Tufts University students. I help students, artists, athletes, and other high-level performers bring out the best in themselves and each other. I specialize in healing trauma, anxiety, creative and performance blocks, existential and relationship issues, and the impacts of social forces on mental health. I tend to fit well with patients who are smart, creative, funny, introspective, curious, and ready for change.
NOTE: the only insurances I accept are the student insurances for Brown University and Tufts University students. I help students, artists, athletes, and other high-level performers bring out the best in themselves and each other. I specialize in healing trauma, anxiety, creative and performance blocks, existential and relationship issues, and the impacts of social forces on mental health. I tend to fit well with patients who are smart, creative, funny, introspective, curious, and ready for change.
(401) 358-6412 View (401) 358-6412
Photo of Molly Hudson, MSEd, CGS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Molly Hudson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSEd, CGS
Verified Verified
Lincoln, RI 02865  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, or a life transition? Are you wanting to feel more aware of your emotions, and how to cope with them? Perhaps you have negative thought patterns and wish to feel more grounded and content in daily life. Therapy with me will teach you skills and exercises to counteract negative symptoms you are experiencing and lead you to a happy and balanced life. I have worked with clients aged 16-65, and particularly enjoy working with young adults. I also have experience with gender affirming therapy and welcome those of all identities to work with me.
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, or a life transition? Are you wanting to feel more aware of your emotions, and how to cope with them? Perhaps you have negative thought patterns and wish to feel more grounded and content in daily life. Therapy with me will teach you skills and exercises to counteract negative symptoms you are experiencing and lead you to a happy and balanced life. I have worked with clients aged 16-65, and particularly enjoy working with young adults. I also have experience with gender affirming therapy and welcome those of all identities to work with me.
(401) 205-3799 View (401) 205-3799
Photo of Devika Prasad, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Devika Prasad
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pawtucket, RI 02861  (Online Only)
Accepting NEW Clients! Now is the time to put yourself first. It's easy to find ourselves on auto-pilot, yet missing essential skills to manage stress or tackle new challenges. Let's work together to build those skills! Whether you're moving, graduating, starting a new job, in college/graduate school, in residency, or trying to figure things out, I'm dedicated to fostering a safe space for managing your transitions. I often work with people to improve various areas in their life including: insomnia, low self-worth, worry, obsessions, negative thoughts, avoidance, anxiety, panic attacks, relationships, and childhood trauma.
Accepting NEW Clients! Now is the time to put yourself first. It's easy to find ourselves on auto-pilot, yet missing essential skills to manage stress or tackle new challenges. Let's work together to build those skills! Whether you're moving, graduating, starting a new job, in college/graduate school, in residency, or trying to figure things out, I'm dedicated to fostering a safe space for managing your transitions. I often work with people to improve various areas in their life including: insomnia, low self-worth, worry, obsessions, negative thoughts, avoidance, anxiety, panic attacks, relationships, and childhood trauma.
(401) 208-0752 View (401) 208-0752
Photo of Sarah E. Ouellette, LICSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah E. Ouellette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Providence, RI 02906
Waitlist for new clients
I currently have a waitlist for new clients. I am a licensed clinical therapist and I work with all age groups: children, adolescents and adults. I specialize in treating individuals with depression and anxiety and have experience working with parents and families of adolescents struggling with eating disorders and transgender issues. I use CBT and DBT strategies to help individuals to make desired changes in their behavior. My approach is supportive and compassionate and I believe the foundation to successful therapy begins with establishing a trusting relationship between the therapist and client.
I currently have a waitlist for new clients. I am a licensed clinical therapist and I work with all age groups: children, adolescents and adults. I specialize in treating individuals with depression and anxiety and have experience working with parents and families of adolescents struggling with eating disorders and transgender issues. I use CBT and DBT strategies to help individuals to make desired changes in their behavior. My approach is supportive and compassionate and I believe the foundation to successful therapy begins with establishing a trusting relationship between the therapist and client.
(401) 285-3189 View (401) 285-3189
Photo of Heather L Woodward, MS, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
Heather L Woodward
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Greenville, RI 02828  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, or a transition in life, I can help with alleviating the symptoms or behaviors which may be affecting your working or personal relationships. I also work with children and families who are struggling with behavioral or emotional problems. We will work together to create a treatment plan which specifically tailors to your needs, whether it's short or long-term treatment. Together we will learn what techniques are most effective for you.
If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, or a transition in life, I can help with alleviating the symptoms or behaviors which may be affecting your working or personal relationships. I also work with children and families who are struggling with behavioral or emotional problems. We will work together to create a treatment plan which specifically tailors to your needs, whether it's short or long-term treatment. Together we will learn what techniques are most effective for you.
(401) 567-1014 View (401) 567-1014
Photo of Jacqueline Meszaros, LMHC, Counselor
Jacqueline Meszaros
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Providence, RI 02906
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes life presents us with challenges that are too overwhelming to navigate on our own. This is when therapy may be helpful. In my therapeutic practice I strive to provide my clients with a safe and supportive environment in which the individual may explore the difficulties and challenges confronting them.
Sometimes life presents us with challenges that are too overwhelming to navigate on our own. This is when therapy may be helpful. In my therapeutic practice I strive to provide my clients with a safe and supportive environment in which the individual may explore the difficulties and challenges confronting them.
(401) 352-5101 View (401) 352-5101
Photo of Jane Willis, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jane Willis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pawtucket, RI 02860
Not accepting new clients
Life is full of many transitions and things that are beyond your control. If you are adjusting to a life changing event, I will help you develop new coping strategies and offer you support with these transitions. I can also assist you with problem-solving, address relationship issues and help you improve your mood. I use many different modalities and techniques helpful with coping with and managing anxiety/stress. I firmly believe that a good therapeutic experience can lead to life-long changes. My treatment approach is to listen to your needs and work with you to achieve your goals.
Life is full of many transitions and things that are beyond your control. If you are adjusting to a life changing event, I will help you develop new coping strategies and offer you support with these transitions. I can also assist you with problem-solving, address relationship issues and help you improve your mood. I use many different modalities and techniques helpful with coping with and managing anxiety/stress. I firmly believe that a good therapeutic experience can lead to life-long changes. My treatment approach is to listen to your needs and work with you to achieve your goals.
(401) 626-2776 View (401) 626-2776
Photo of Dawn Danella, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dawn Danella
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cumberland, RI 02864
Waitlist for new clients
There are times in everyone’s lives when we feel that we have lost our way and are struggling in the dark to find a path that takes us one step closer to the person we want to be. I view my role as therapist, as being the unbiased, nonjudgmental person walking beside you and shining a light on that path so that you can be more confident in the steps you are taking.
There are times in everyone’s lives when we feel that we have lost our way and are struggling in the dark to find a path that takes us one step closer to the person we want to be. I view my role as therapist, as being the unbiased, nonjudgmental person walking beside you and shining a light on that path so that you can be more confident in the steps you are taking.
(401) 281-8081 View (401) 281-8081
Photo of Shaelyn Cataldo, MA, CAGS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Shaelyn Cataldo
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CAGS
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02920
New clients welcome! Life is heavy right now and you don't have to carry it all alone. At the heart of my work is the belief that your relationship to yourself serves as the foundation for meaningful and intimate connection with others and the world around you. Using a holistic approach we'll explore the barriers that keep you from the life you truly desire and deserve.
New clients welcome! Life is heavy right now and you don't have to carry it all alone. At the heart of my work is the belief that your relationship to yourself serves as the foundation for meaningful and intimate connection with others and the world around you. Using a holistic approach we'll explore the barriers that keep you from the life you truly desire and deserve.
(401) 227-3460 View (401) 227-3460
Photo of Kimberly Benchsky, LMHC, Counselor
Kimberly Benchsky
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cranston, RI 02921
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes life presents us with challenges that are too overwhelming to navigate on our own. This is when therapy may be helpful. Hello, I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with more than 10 years of experience working with children ages 2 years old through adulthood. I have extensive experience supporting individuals with anxiety, ADHD, adjustment disorder, depression/postpartum depression, grief, trauma, social skills, coping skills, sibling conflict, family interactions, and sensory difficulties. I also have a specialty in assisting clients with autism spectrum disorders. I have worked with children, adolescents, adults, and families in a variety of settings.
Sometimes life presents us with challenges that are too overwhelming to navigate on our own. This is when therapy may be helpful. Hello, I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with more than 10 years of experience working with children ages 2 years old through adulthood. I have extensive experience supporting individuals with anxiety, ADHD, adjustment disorder, depression/postpartum depression, grief, trauma, social skills, coping skills, sibling conflict, family interactions, and sensory difficulties. I also have a specialty in assisting clients with autism spectrum disorders. I have worked with children, adolescents, adults, and families in a variety of settings.
(401) 491-2402 View (401) 491-2402
Photo of Dr. Matthew Mooers, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Matthew Mooers
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Providence, RI 02906
I offer online and in-person individual therapy to older adolescents, college students, and adults of all ages. My areas of specialization include: anxiety disorders, body image and eating disorders, trauma-related concerns, relationship difficulties, work with members of the LGBTQIA+ community, college student mental health, couples therapy, and identity/personal values exploration. I emphasize cultural humility and sensitivity as I get to know my clients, and I am affirming of the multi-layered and uniquely intersecting identities that they hold.
I offer online and in-person individual therapy to older adolescents, college students, and adults of all ages. My areas of specialization include: anxiety disorders, body image and eating disorders, trauma-related concerns, relationship difficulties, work with members of the LGBTQIA+ community, college student mental health, couples therapy, and identity/personal values exploration. I emphasize cultural humility and sensitivity as I get to know my clients, and I am affirming of the multi-layered and uniquely intersecting identities that they hold.
(401) 358-5271 x1 View (401) 358-5271 x1
Photo of Jill Pedersen - Jill Pedersen Gestalt Psychotherapy, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jill Pedersen Gestalt Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Providence, RI 02903
In my personal style, therapy is a warm, supportive, and inquisitive process where we explore what isn't working in your life or relationships. Together we will build awareness, make connections and discover patterns that interfere with your happiness and cause you dissatisfaction. When we create space between emotion and action, we will expand your awareness and a world of new choices will emerge for you.
In my personal style, therapy is a warm, supportive, and inquisitive process where we explore what isn't working in your life or relationships. Together we will build awareness, make connections and discover patterns that interfere with your happiness and cause you dissatisfaction. When we create space between emotion and action, we will expand your awareness and a world of new choices will emerge for you.
(917) 746-5833 View (917) 746-5833
Photo of Lisa Gaumond, LMHC, PhD, Counselor
Lisa Gaumond
Counselor, LMHC, PhD
Verified Verified
Providence, RI 02906
Lisa Gaumond, LMHC, PhD is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a Doctoral Degree in Psychology from Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara CA (2017). Lisa was also awarded a Master's degree from Fielding's department of Psychology (2010). She holds a Master's degree in Criminal Justice from Boston University (2004) and a certification in Mediation from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2006). Post Graduate training includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as part of Lifespan/Gateway's Enhanced Outpatient Services team (2016-2019).
Lisa Gaumond, LMHC, PhD is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a Doctoral Degree in Psychology from Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara CA (2017). Lisa was also awarded a Master's degree from Fielding's department of Psychology (2010). She holds a Master's degree in Criminal Justice from Boston University (2004) and a certification in Mediation from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2006). Post Graduate training includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as part of Lifespan/Gateway's Enhanced Outpatient Services team (2016-2019).
(401) 249-4235 View (401) 249-4235
Photo of Delilah Milagros Santos-Kane, Pre-Licensed Professional
Delilah Milagros Santos-Kane
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Providence, RI 02906  (Online Only)
Our group practice centralizes care for People of Color, Queer, Transgender, Nonbinary, Neurodivergent, and Disabled communities. We are BIPOC & QT2S+ led. As integrative, holistic healers, we help you work through life adjustments, anxiety, depression, and trauma. If you are entering a process of self-exploration and want to own your place and identity in this world with skilled providers who mirror you, welcome home. Together, we'll discover the parts of you that need to be witnessed, healed, released, and cleared so you can reclaim and empower the parts that have been neglected, forgotten, or ignored.
Our group practice centralizes care for People of Color, Queer, Transgender, Nonbinary, Neurodivergent, and Disabled communities. We are BIPOC & QT2S+ led. As integrative, holistic healers, we help you work through life adjustments, anxiety, depression, and trauma. If you are entering a process of self-exploration and want to own your place and identity in this world with skilled providers who mirror you, welcome home. Together, we'll discover the parts of you that need to be witnessed, healed, released, and cleared so you can reclaim and empower the parts that have been neglected, forgotten, or ignored.
(401) 267-9635 View (401) 267-9635
Photo of Allison Sullivan, LMHC, LCDP, Counselor
Allison Sullivan
Counselor, LMHC, LCDP
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02910
Allison uses an integrated approach to treating clients, drawing on a broad range of evidence-based interventions best-suited to clients' individual needs and goals. She specializes in treating people struggling with depression, anxiety, substance use, and trauma. Her experience working in community mental health, corrections, and hospital outpatient settings has provided her with extensive training and resources, and most importantly, compassion and empathy, to help her clients achieve their full potential.
Allison uses an integrated approach to treating clients, drawing on a broad range of evidence-based interventions best-suited to clients' individual needs and goals. She specializes in treating people struggling with depression, anxiety, substance use, and trauma. Her experience working in community mental health, corrections, and hospital outpatient settings has provided her with extensive training and resources, and most importantly, compassion and empathy, to help her clients achieve their full potential.
(401) 205-8179 View (401) 205-8179
Photo of Elizabeth Ann White, M'Ed, LMHC, Counselor
Elizabeth Ann White
Counselor, M'Ed, LMHC
Verified Verified
Providence, RI 02906
Not accepting new clients
Hello, I'm Elizabeth White, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) dedicated to guiding you on your journey towards inner well-being. With over twenty years experience in practice, I have cultivated a deep understanding of the human experience and the challenges we face. My specialization lies in supporting individuals dealing with trauma and anxiety disorders, providing a safe haven for healing and growth.
Hello, I'm Elizabeth White, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) dedicated to guiding you on your journey towards inner well-being. With over twenty years experience in practice, I have cultivated a deep understanding of the human experience and the challenges we face. My specialization lies in supporting individuals dealing with trauma and anxiety disorders, providing a safe haven for healing and growth.
(401) 307-5541 View (401) 307-5541
Photo of Martha Iachetta, MEd, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Martha Iachetta
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cranston, RI 02905
Unfortunately I do not have any availability at this time. I am, however, a seasoned therapist with more than twenty years of success facilitating healing and lasting change. I utilize a positive, motivational counseling approach that helps people identify goals for themselves, notice where they are stuck, and move towards making meaningful shifts in their lives. As one client recently put it, I am appreciated for how I help people "think outside the box."
Unfortunately I do not have any availability at this time. I am, however, a seasoned therapist with more than twenty years of success facilitating healing and lasting change. I utilize a positive, motivational counseling approach that helps people identify goals for themselves, notice where they are stuck, and move towards making meaningful shifts in their lives. As one client recently put it, I am appreciated for how I help people "think outside the box."
(401) 519-7782 View (401) 519-7782
Photo of Chanta Bryan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chanta Bryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Providence, RI 02906
Chanta Bryan is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Rhode Island. She holds a Bachelor's and Master's degree in Social Work from Rhode Island College. She also received a Certification in Graduate Studies in Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder. Chanta has a diverse background in providing home-based and residential treatment to children, families, and adults with behavioral and mental diagnoses. She also has experience in providing one on one therapy for individuals with substance use and co-occurring diagnosis.
Chanta Bryan is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Rhode Island. She holds a Bachelor's and Master's degree in Social Work from Rhode Island College. She also received a Certification in Graduate Studies in Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder. Chanta has a diverse background in providing home-based and residential treatment to children, families, and adults with behavioral and mental diagnoses. She also has experience in providing one on one therapy for individuals with substance use and co-occurring diagnosis.
(401) 567-1774 View (401) 567-1774
Photo of Sheila C Poirier, LMHC, ATR, Counselor
Sheila C Poirier
Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
"Trust The Process" is my professional mantra in which I help people through the therapeutic healing process in an expressive and non-intrusive style. I been in the behavioral health field for 27 years and I am still highly energized, empathetic and compassionate about my profession and the people I serve. Using traditional talk therapy as well as DBT and Expressive therapy modalities I focus on mindfulness, wellness and strength-based practices to empower people to be active and motivated for change, acceptance and letting go of the past which is holding back the healing today.
"Trust The Process" is my professional mantra in which I help people through the therapeutic healing process in an expressive and non-intrusive style. I been in the behavioral health field for 27 years and I am still highly energized, empathetic and compassionate about my profession and the people I serve. Using traditional talk therapy as well as DBT and Expressive therapy modalities I focus on mindfulness, wellness and strength-based practices to empower people to be active and motivated for change, acceptance and letting go of the past which is holding back the healing today.
(401) 372-2325 View (401) 372-2325
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Providence County, RI

1,000+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Providence County, RI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
72% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Optum

How Therapists in Providence County, RI see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Providence County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.