Expressive Arts Therapists in Barrington, RI

Photo of Kristen Reber Palmaccio Therapy, LMHC, Counselor
Kristen Reber Palmaccio Therapy
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Barrington, RI 02806
Kristen takes a strength based approach with her clients, providing specialized care using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Expressive Arts Therapy and Family Systems Therapy dependent on the clients needs.
Kristen Reber is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Rhode Island. She is dedicated to continued education and constant growth as a clinician to best suit her clients needs. Kristen prides herself in a collaborative approach with her clients, developing an individualized treatment plan based on each of her clients specific needs, talents and therapeutic goals. Her main goal in counseling is to develop a genuine therapeutic relationship with her clients leading to a safe environment where each of her clients can reach their desired goals. Kristen specializes in working with families, adults, young adults and teens.
Kristen takes a strength based approach with her clients, providing specialized care using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Expressive Arts Therapy and Family Systems Therapy dependent on the clients needs.
Kristen Reber is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Rhode Island. She is dedicated to continued education and constant growth as a clinician to best suit her clients needs. Kristen prides herself in a collaborative approach with her clients, developing an individualized treatment plan based on each of her clients specific needs, talents and therapeutic goals. Her main goal in counseling is to develop a genuine therapeutic relationship with her clients leading to a safe environment where each of her clients can reach their desired goals. Kristen specializes in working with families, adults, young adults and teens.
(617) 744-7261 View (617) 744-7261
Photo of Amy Marie Battersby, LMHC, CTSC, RYT, Counselor
Amy Marie Battersby
Counselor, LMHC, CTSC, RYT
Verified Verified
Barrington, RI 02806
I work with survivors of adversity and trauma. It is my belief that all people can heal; it’s just a matter of helping them to find their own pathways. I specialize in the neurobiology of trauma, and believe through structure and routine, with the benefit of consistent kindness and reciprocal beneficial relationships, and with daily movement and creativity, all people can eliminate harmful symptoms from their lives. As a yoga teacher, I am confident n the connection between mind and body, and help my clients to not only listen to their bodies’ wisdom, but to take control of their own physicality in meaningful, gentle ways.
I work with survivors of adversity and trauma. It is my belief that all people can heal; it’s just a matter of helping them to find their own pathways. I specialize in the neurobiology of trauma, and believe through structure and routine, with the benefit of consistent kindness and reciprocal beneficial relationships, and with daily movement and creativity, all people can eliminate harmful symptoms from their lives. As a yoga teacher, I am confident n the connection between mind and body, and help my clients to not only listen to their bodies’ wisdom, but to take control of their own physicality in meaningful, gentle ways.
(401) 561-6562 View (401) 561-6562
Photo of Katie A Saraiva, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie A Saraiva
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barrington, RI 02806
I have vast experience in working with adults, families, children and adolscents. I am dedicated to providing people with the support and guidance they need to achieve goals, learn coping mechansims and invest in leading an overall healthy lifestyle for your mind, body and spirit. I have experience working with miltary members/families, ADHD, behavioral issues in children, anxiety, depression, bipolar, life transitions, grief, trauma, Autism and several other areas.
I have vast experience in working with adults, families, children and adolscents. I am dedicated to providing people with the support and guidance they need to achieve goals, learn coping mechansims and invest in leading an overall healthy lifestyle for your mind, body and spirit. I have experience working with miltary members/families, ADHD, behavioral issues in children, anxiety, depression, bipolar, life transitions, grief, trauma, Autism and several other areas.
(401) 309-0892 View (401) 309-0892
Photo of Carrie Ruggieri, LMHC, BCETS, Counselor
Carrie Ruggieri
Counselor, LMHC, BCETS
Verified Verified
Barrington, RI 02806  (Online Only)
I work within a psychotherapy model that is called AEDP. AEDP is an approach to healing that starts with the premise that all symptoms are creative adaptations to painful or traumatic circumstances. We recognize the resilience underlying symptoms, as opposed to viewing symptoms as a pathological. AEDP is grounded in affective neuroscience and in psychotherapy research.
I work within a psychotherapy model that is called AEDP. AEDP is an approach to healing that starts with the premise that all symptoms are creative adaptations to painful or traumatic circumstances. We recognize the resilience underlying symptoms, as opposed to viewing symptoms as a pathological. AEDP is grounded in affective neuroscience and in psychotherapy research.
(401) 489-2172 View (401) 489-2172
Photo of Suzanne Brushart-Shaw, LMHC, Counselor
Suzanne Brushart-Shaw
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barrington, RI 02806
Waitlist for new clients
Human beings are instinctually driven towards healing. I believe in my clients' capacity to grow, heal and thrive. I strive to provide compassionate support in the form of collaboration, education and witnessing. The scope of my practice ranges from facilitating healing from trauma and abusive relationships to empowering clients to make healthy choices that create lasting positive change and satisfaction.
Human beings are instinctually driven towards healing. I believe in my clients' capacity to grow, heal and thrive. I strive to provide compassionate support in the form of collaboration, education and witnessing. The scope of my practice ranges from facilitating healing from trauma and abusive relationships to empowering clients to make healthy choices that create lasting positive change and satisfaction.
(401) 406-2501 View (401) 406-2501
Photo of Mary R O'Connell, MEd, CAGS, LMHC, Counselor
Mary R O'Connell
Counselor, MEd, CAGS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Barrington, RI 02806
Waitlist for new clients
I am a LMHC practicing in Providence RI. I have extensive experience with children, specializing in trauma and behavioral issues, through my work as a school adjustment counselor and in the residential treatment setting as a clinician, for over 20 years. I believe that therapy is best approached in a holistic and systematic way. I will actively collaborate with you to create a course of treatment aimed at reaching your goals. The relationship I form with you is one of the most important factors leading to success. My goal is to create an authentic, safe space, without judgement, where clients are able to express themselves.
I am a LMHC practicing in Providence RI. I have extensive experience with children, specializing in trauma and behavioral issues, through my work as a school adjustment counselor and in the residential treatment setting as a clinician, for over 20 years. I believe that therapy is best approached in a holistic and systematic way. I will actively collaborate with you to create a course of treatment aimed at reaching your goals. The relationship I form with you is one of the most important factors leading to success. My goal is to create an authentic, safe space, without judgement, where clients are able to express themselves.
(401) 903-0564 View (401) 903-0564
Photo of Sheila C Poirier, LMHC, ATR, Counselor
Sheila C Poirier
Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Barrington, RI 02806
Waitlist for new clients
"Trust The Process" is my professional mantra in which I help people through the therapeutic healing process in an expressive and non-intrusive style. I been in the behavioral health field for 27 years and I am still highly energized, empathetic and compassionate about my profession and the people I serve. Using traditional talk therapy as well as DBT and Expressive therapy modalities I focus on mindfulness, wellness and strength-based practices to empower people to be active and motivated for change, acceptance and letting go of the past which is holding back the healing today.
"Trust The Process" is my professional mantra in which I help people through the therapeutic healing process in an expressive and non-intrusive style. I been in the behavioral health field for 27 years and I am still highly energized, empathetic and compassionate about my profession and the people I serve. Using traditional talk therapy as well as DBT and Expressive therapy modalities I focus on mindfulness, wellness and strength-based practices to empower people to be active and motivated for change, acceptance and letting go of the past which is holding back the healing today.
(401) 372-2325 View (401) 372-2325
Photo of Stephanie Palazzo Healing In Motion Counseling, LMHC, Counselor
Stephanie Palazzo Healing In Motion Counseling
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Barrington, RI 02806
Sometimes we may lose our way on the winding road life sets forth. Stephanie holds faith that every individual can embrace their ability to change, grow & recover. Perhaps it may not be easy to admit we might benefit from the support of another to help us regain strength. Someone to listen, provide feedback, validation, insight & education can help to regain control & improve lives. We may seek another to listen to where we are at in our lives, without judgment, biases & preconceived notions. Sharing details of our lives is a display of bravery. Stephanie is sensitive of hesitations to seek help & hopes to provide comfort.
Sometimes we may lose our way on the winding road life sets forth. Stephanie holds faith that every individual can embrace their ability to change, grow & recover. Perhaps it may not be easy to admit we might benefit from the support of another to help us regain strength. Someone to listen, provide feedback, validation, insight & education can help to regain control & improve lives. We may seek another to listen to where we are at in our lives, without judgment, biases & preconceived notions. Sharing details of our lives is a display of bravery. Stephanie is sensitive of hesitations to seek help & hopes to provide comfort.
(401) 561-3272 View (401) 561-3272
Photo of Elise Arruda Laorenza, PhD, LMHC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elise Arruda Laorenza
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barrington, RI 02806
Not accepting new clients
*Currently not accepting new clients* My training includes a doctorate degree in Developmental Psychology and the license in Mental Health Counseling with over 15 years experience working with children and families in public schools, Brown University, and Hospital settings. We will work collaboratively to set priorities for positive change and meet you and your family where you are at while also integrating research based approaches. I am committed the belief that individuals and families generate positive change when given an effective set of knowledge and tools.
*Currently not accepting new clients* My training includes a doctorate degree in Developmental Psychology and the license in Mental Health Counseling with over 15 years experience working with children and families in public schools, Brown University, and Hospital settings. We will work collaboratively to set priorities for positive change and meet you and your family where you are at while also integrating research based approaches. I am committed the belief that individuals and families generate positive change when given an effective set of knowledge and tools.
(401) 200-3848 View (401) 200-3848
Photo of Jessica L. Tobin, LMHC, CTSS, CCATP-C, Counselor
Jessica L. Tobin
Counselor, LMHC, CTSS, CCATP-C
Verified Verified
Barrington, RI 02806
Not accepting new clients
I work with preteens, teens, and young adults, holding a certification for the treatment of Child and Adolescent Anxiety as well as a certificate in Traumatic Stress Studies. I place high value on providing compassionate, holistic care for each person and family I work with. I will work collaboratively with you and/or your child to uncover strengths and problem solving abilities, broaden self-awareness, increase distress tolerance, and when appropriate to decrease the body's overactive response to anxiety and stress. Together we will identify pathways to reach your therapeutic goals.
I work with preteens, teens, and young adults, holding a certification for the treatment of Child and Adolescent Anxiety as well as a certificate in Traumatic Stress Studies. I place high value on providing compassionate, holistic care for each person and family I work with. I will work collaboratively with you and/or your child to uncover strengths and problem solving abilities, broaden self-awareness, increase distress tolerance, and when appropriate to decrease the body's overactive response to anxiety and stress. Together we will identify pathways to reach your therapeutic goals.
(401) 859-0012 View (401) 859-0012

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Makenzie Curr, LMHC-A, Pre-Licensed Professional
Makenzie Curr
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portsmouth, RI 02871
As a therapist in private practice, I specialize in helping both children and adults through a holistic, play-based approach combined with CBT, solution-focused, expressive arts, and strengths-based counseling. For children, I create a safe, engaging space to express themselves and develop coping skills through play therapy. For adults, I provide tailored CBT to manage thoughts and behaviors, and solution-focused strategies to achieve their goals. Strengths-based counseling emphasizes clients' capabilities. Collaborating with families and individuals, I empower all my clients to navigate their worlds with confidence and hope.
As a therapist in private practice, I specialize in helping both children and adults through a holistic, play-based approach combined with CBT, solution-focused, expressive arts, and strengths-based counseling. For children, I create a safe, engaging space to express themselves and develop coping skills through play therapy. For adults, I provide tailored CBT to manage thoughts and behaviors, and solution-focused strategies to achieve their goals. Strengths-based counseling emphasizes clients' capabilities. Collaborating with families and individuals, I empower all my clients to navigate their worlds with confidence and hope.
(401) 425-6954 View (401) 425-6954
Photo of Yoliann Santiago, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Yoliann Santiago
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Providence, RI 02906  (Online Only)
Hello there! I'm Yoliann Santiago, a bilingual Clinical Social Worker with a mission to help you thrive in Rhode Island and Puerto Rico. Imagine a therapeutic journey that's as unique as you are – a blend of therapy and art that fuses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and expressive arts into a transformative experience for well-being. Whether it's through individual sessions or joining my expressive arts- stress management group, every step we take together is tailored to your path. If you're considering bariatric surgery evaluations, rest assured that I'm here to guide you in both Spanish and English.
Hello there! I'm Yoliann Santiago, a bilingual Clinical Social Worker with a mission to help you thrive in Rhode Island and Puerto Rico. Imagine a therapeutic journey that's as unique as you are – a blend of therapy and art that fuses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and expressive arts into a transformative experience for well-being. Whether it's through individual sessions or joining my expressive arts- stress management group, every step we take together is tailored to your path. If you're considering bariatric surgery evaluations, rest assured that I'm here to guide you in both Spanish and English.
(401) 622-4034 x549 View (401) 622-4034 x549
Photo of Maria Sorensen, MA, LAADC, SAP
Maria Sorensen
MA, LAADC, SAP
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Warwick, RI 02886  (Online Only)
Healing Arts is an integrative trauma-informed practice. We create a safe space through non-judgment, acceptance and empowerment. We create community through facilitating workshops, groups and retreats in addition to providing individual therapy. As holistic practitioners, we address the whole person in the healing process: body, mind and spirit. As integrative therapists, we have experience of therapeutic principles and techniques such as IFS, EMDR, Expressive Arts, hypnosis and the 12 Steps, DOT/SAP Evaluations.
Healing Arts is an integrative trauma-informed practice. We create a safe space through non-judgment, acceptance and empowerment. We create community through facilitating workshops, groups and retreats in addition to providing individual therapy. As holistic practitioners, we address the whole person in the healing process: body, mind and spirit. As integrative therapists, we have experience of therapeutic principles and techniques such as IFS, EMDR, Expressive Arts, hypnosis and the 12 Steps, DOT/SAP Evaluations.
(401) 379-8556 View (401) 379-8556
Photo of Jose Rosario, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jose Rosario
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pawtucket, RI 02861  (Online Only)
However, I also employ expressive arts and trauma-informed modalities when appropriate.
I truly enjoy supporting clients in understanding themselves and their experiences through a compassionate lens. I am honored to support identity exploration (e.g., LGBTQ+, communities of color) in ways that move clients to the life that they want. I firmly believe that it is my job as a therapist to hold client's hope for them when they cannot hope for themselves. We can sit in the discomfort together and savor the moments that feel aligned. My goal is to provide clients with skills and tools to cope with the tough moments, knowing we cannot get rid of them, to live a full life.
However, I also employ expressive arts and trauma-informed modalities when appropriate.
I truly enjoy supporting clients in understanding themselves and their experiences through a compassionate lens. I am honored to support identity exploration (e.g., LGBTQ+, communities of color) in ways that move clients to the life that they want. I firmly believe that it is my job as a therapist to hold client's hope for them when they cannot hope for themselves. We can sit in the discomfort together and savor the moments that feel aligned. My goal is to provide clients with skills and tools to cope with the tough moments, knowing we cannot get rid of them, to live a full life.
(401) 592-5044 View (401) 592-5044
Photo of Victoria Tiburcio, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Victoria Tiburcio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warwick, RI 02886
I utilize a variety of treatment modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, narrative therapy, and expressive arts therapy.
I am a clinician at Arrow Behavioral Health in Warwick, Rhode Island. I offer in person and telehealth therapy. I received my BSW and MSW from Rhode Island College. I have experience working with children, teens, and adults in a variety of clinical settings. Before I became a clinician, I worked as a caseworker for youth in the foster care system.
I utilize a variety of treatment modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, narrative therapy, and expressive arts therapy.
I am a clinician at Arrow Behavioral Health in Warwick, Rhode Island. I offer in person and telehealth therapy. I received my BSW and MSW from Rhode Island College. I have experience working with children, teens, and adults in a variety of clinical settings. Before I became a clinician, I worked as a caseworker for youth in the foster care system.
(401) 271-6726 View (401) 271-6726
Photo of Rebecca Flores (Expressive Art Therapist), MS, CAGS, REAT, Art Therapist
Rebecca Flores (Expressive Art Therapist)
Art Therapist, MS, CAGS, REAT
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02920
As an artist, teacher and long-time practitioner of a health and wellness lifestyle, my approach to therapy focuses on Wellness and use of the Expressive Arts to explore conflicts and strengths.
It can be challenging to recognize that changes need to be made in your life and in your relationships. Yet, when conflicts begin to resolve and life becomes “smoother,” therapy becomes its own reward. As a therapist, I focus on creating a trusting and compassionate environment where you will feel safe in areas that await healing. I offer a shelter where you will learn to identify patterns that keep you ‘stuck’ and where you can explore new approaches and strategies that will allow your potential to blossom.
As an artist, teacher and long-time practitioner of a health and wellness lifestyle, my approach to therapy focuses on Wellness and use of the Expressive Arts to explore conflicts and strengths.
It can be challenging to recognize that changes need to be made in your life and in your relationships. Yet, when conflicts begin to resolve and life becomes “smoother,” therapy becomes its own reward. As a therapist, I focus on creating a trusting and compassionate environment where you will feel safe in areas that await healing. I offer a shelter where you will learn to identify patterns that keep you ‘stuck’ and where you can explore new approaches and strategies that will allow your potential to blossom.
(401) 208-2264 View (401) 208-2264
Photo of Gabrielle J Dworkin, MEd, LMHC, RPT, GC-C, Counselor
Gabrielle J Dworkin
Counselor, MEd, LMHC, RPT, GC-C
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Providence, RI 02904
A little bit about me... I am a Registered Play Therapist, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in RI/MA, Certified Grief Counselor and recently became certified as a Facilitator of the Broken Bowl Technique. I attended the Expressive Arts Institute at Salve Regina University. I am a former Board Member of the New England Association for Play Therapy. I see clients ages 2-12 individually, but do involve family members. I am in the office weekdays. I am NOT accepting any court involved cases requiring contact with: lawyers/GAL/DCYF/and court letters, as well as those that require a higher level of care due to safety issues.
A little bit about me... I am a Registered Play Therapist, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in RI/MA, Certified Grief Counselor and recently became certified as a Facilitator of the Broken Bowl Technique. I attended the Expressive Arts Institute at Salve Regina University. I am a former Board Member of the New England Association for Play Therapy. I see clients ages 2-12 individually, but do involve family members. I am in the office weekdays. I am NOT accepting any court involved cases requiring contact with: lawyers/GAL/DCYF/and court letters, as well as those that require a higher level of care due to safety issues.
(401) 331-1244 View (401) 331-1244
Photo of Elizabeth Truskoski, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Elizabeth Truskoski
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Providence, RI 02907  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
*** I am not taking on new clients currently, please be in touch if you are interested in being placed on a waitlist. I am holding group sessions in September, please see below.** Often times change is met with resistance, and as a therapist, I provide a supportive role in assisting others to recognize and overcome blocks, fear and distraction. Supporting healing in adolescents and adults whom wish to become their best selves, is fostered by a relationship built upon trust, compassion and open communication. I use a variety of holistic modalities, including mindfulness, expressive arts, DBT, and EMDR.
*** I am not taking on new clients currently, please be in touch if you are interested in being placed on a waitlist. I am holding group sessions in September, please see below.** Often times change is met with resistance, and as a therapist, I provide a supportive role in assisting others to recognize and overcome blocks, fear and distraction. Supporting healing in adolescents and adults whom wish to become their best selves, is fostered by a relationship built upon trust, compassion and open communication. I use a variety of holistic modalities, including mindfulness, expressive arts, DBT, and EMDR.
(401) 262-0023 View (401) 262-0023
Photo of James C Simon, LICSW, CAGS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
James C Simon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CAGS
Verified Verified
East Greenwich, RI 02818  (Online Only)
The expressive arts is a wonderful way to access, release, and then transform barriers to change.
I work collaboratively with my clients in identifying goals for treatment with attainable outcome measures. I am able to provide several treatment modalities that best fit the individual's needs. I understand that this can be a difficult decision and that there may have been many challenges along the way before making this initial contact. For these reasons I strive to provide everyone with a highly professional, confidential, and supportive experience as we explore possible treatment options together.
The expressive arts is a wonderful way to access, release, and then transform barriers to change.
I work collaboratively with my clients in identifying goals for treatment with attainable outcome measures. I am able to provide several treatment modalities that best fit the individual's needs. I understand that this can be a difficult decision and that there may have been many challenges along the way before making this initial contact. For these reasons I strive to provide everyone with a highly professional, confidential, and supportive experience as we explore possible treatment options together.
(401) 371-0093 View (401) 371-0093
Photo of Kerri Weaver, MA, R-DMT, LMHC, RYT, Counselor
Kerri Weaver
Counselor, MA, R-DMT, LMHC, RYT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
East Greenwich, RI 02818
I have a holistic therapeutic approach, utilizing various treatment modalities, including expressive arts, movement, yoga and my own journey.
Limited morning and afternoon availability. “I have learned we all have different paths in life and ways to heal. It is not just about surviving, but how we face challenges and cope with the changes on our paths." Whether you are struggling with anxiety, ADHD, depression, women issues or simply life caught up with you; let me provide you a safe and supported space, to find your way of healing and re-create your connection to your whole-self: body, mind, and spirit.
I have a holistic therapeutic approach, utilizing various treatment modalities, including expressive arts, movement, yoga and my own journey.
Limited morning and afternoon availability. “I have learned we all have different paths in life and ways to heal. It is not just about surviving, but how we face challenges and cope with the changes on our paths." Whether you are struggling with anxiety, ADHD, depression, women issues or simply life caught up with you; let me provide you a safe and supported space, to find your way of healing and re-create your connection to your whole-self: body, mind, and spirit.
(401) 256-5489 View (401) 256-5489

See more therapy options for Barrington

Expressive Arts Therapists

What happens in expressive arts therapy?

In an expressive arts therapy session, the therapist will provide the space and materials necessary to encourage the client to express themselves creatively. These can include art supplies, musical instruments, a journal, a camera, and more. The therapist offers careful guidance throughout the creative process, often noticing and talking about psychological issues as they arise. Many clients also benefit from the mind-body connection—the physical act of making art can help them feel more grounded and present.

How long does expressive arts therapy take?

An expressive arts therapy session will typically last between 50 minutes and an hour. Group sessions may run longer. Sometimes, a client might only need one or two sessions of expressive arts therapy in conjunction with talk therapy to resolve a psychological issue. Others might find a fixed number of sessions over the course of either weeks or months to be beneficial. The duration depends on the client and their individual needs and goals for therapy.

How does expressive arts therapy help children?

Creativity is an important part of normal child development. Expressive arts therapy proves a safe outlet for child clients to learn to identify their emotions and express them in healthy ways. In expressive arts therapy, children can build their self-esteem, discover more about their personality and strengths, and feel a sense of normalcy in an otherwise chaotic world. This therapeutic approach can be particularly helpful for children with developmental disabilities, autism, ADHD, speech impairments, and other conditions.

What are the limitations of expressive arts therapy?

Sometimes individuals have physical limitations that can affect their ability to express themselves artistically in certain mediums. For example, someone with hearing problems might find it difficult to make music. Sickness and mobility issues can make some types of art physically inaccessible (e.g., sculpting, dancing, etc.). Sometimes, clients are overly skeptical and have trouble letting go and engaging with the creative process. Individuals who require a higher level of care may be better served with other types of therapy.