Therapists in Franklin, TN

Photo of Bruce Theobald, MA, LPC, Counselor
Bruce Theobald
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37069
I believe that all of us have suffered from feeling that we are not in control of our lives. When that experience persists then our instinct to protect ourselves can push us into patterns of behaviors that range from bad habits to behavior that damages relationships and threatens our physical and mental health. I help people by focusing on their strengths rather than their weaknesses, to build supportive relationships with themselves and others, and to help them see themselves as unique and worthwhile persons. We do this together through a therapeutic relationship.
I believe that all of us have suffered from feeling that we are not in control of our lives. When that experience persists then our instinct to protect ourselves can push us into patterns of behaviors that range from bad habits to behavior that damages relationships and threatens our physical and mental health. I help people by focusing on their strengths rather than their weaknesses, to build supportive relationships with themselves and others, and to help them see themselves as unique and worthwhile persons. We do this together through a therapeutic relationship.
(615) 745-1247 View (615) 745-1247
Photo of Dr. Eboni N Webb - The Village of Kairos, PsyD, HSP, Psychologist
The Village of Kairos
Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37064
Trauma and other developmental wounds often show up as anxiety, depression, personality disorders, and a variety of diagnoses. At The Village of Kairos, our therapists are master-doctoral practitioners specializing in trauma-focused therapies and interventions so that our clients find hope, help, and how-to's in order to build a life worth living.
Trauma and other developmental wounds often show up as anxiety, depression, personality disorders, and a variety of diagnoses. At The Village of Kairos, our therapists are master-doctoral practitioners specializing in trauma-focused therapies and interventions so that our clients find hope, help, and how-to's in order to build a life worth living.
(615) 745-1066 View (615) 745-1066
Photo of Joy Reeves Samuels, DMin, LPCMHSP, FT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joy Reeves Samuels
Licensed Professional Counselor, DMin, LPCMHSP, FT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37064  (Online Only)
It’s a common human experience: difficult times, rough waters, confusing turns in life. Sometimes these events last longer, and are deeper, than you expected. You don’t have to have it all figured out to move forward. Listening can help, talking about it can help, and having someone be a part of these conversations can help. Crafting moments of deep calm from deep loss. Exploring grounding values as guiding principles for difficult decisions and honoring your journey to date as you create your next chapter. I can help you with these conversations.
It’s a common human experience: difficult times, rough waters, confusing turns in life. Sometimes these events last longer, and are deeper, than you expected. You don’t have to have it all figured out to move forward. Listening can help, talking about it can help, and having someone be a part of these conversations can help. Crafting moments of deep calm from deep loss. Exploring grounding values as guiding principles for difficult decisions and honoring your journey to date as you create your next chapter. I can help you with these conversations.
(615) 640-3794 View (615) 640-3794
Photo of Jenna M Cox, MEd, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jenna M Cox
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37067
ATTN: Couples & Individuals! Are you seeking connection, growth, healing & change in your relationships? Exploring a path to healing & understanding? Seeking lasting change & an end to repetitive patterns? I got you! If you find yourselves at a crossroads, burdened by unresolved pain, or struggling with intense conflict, therapeutic support from someone who GETS IT might be just what you need. Together, we can unravel the knots, address past hurts & pave the way for a brighter future. Don't let despair overshadow your vision of a happy, thriving relationship. Together, we can heal, transform & cultivate the love you deserve.
ATTN: Couples & Individuals! Are you seeking connection, growth, healing & change in your relationships? Exploring a path to healing & understanding? Seeking lasting change & an end to repetitive patterns? I got you! If you find yourselves at a crossroads, burdened by unresolved pain, or struggling with intense conflict, therapeutic support from someone who GETS IT might be just what you need. Together, we can unravel the knots, address past hurts & pave the way for a brighter future. Don't let despair overshadow your vision of a happy, thriving relationship. Together, we can heal, transform & cultivate the love you deserve.
(615) 282-5727 View (615) 282-5727
Photo of Kristin Trudeau, MA, LPC, MHSP, LADAC, CFRC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristin Trudeau
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, LADAC, CFRC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37064
HI! I'm Kristin and I'm glad you're here. Let's get real - taking the step to seek therapy can be scary as hell, but it's also incredibly brave. In this space, I will listen to you, validate your experiences, and show you the respect you deserve. Whether you're looking for guidance through life's toughest challenges, striving for emotional balance, or simply trying to understand yourself better, know that I've got your back. You are not alone in this journey. Together, we'll navigate the twists and turns ahead. I specialize in treating sex issues, trauma, depression, anxiety, and the everyday stressors that life throws your way.
HI! I'm Kristin and I'm glad you're here. Let's get real - taking the step to seek therapy can be scary as hell, but it's also incredibly brave. In this space, I will listen to you, validate your experiences, and show you the respect you deserve. Whether you're looking for guidance through life's toughest challenges, striving for emotional balance, or simply trying to understand yourself better, know that I've got your back. You are not alone in this journey. Together, we'll navigate the twists and turns ahead. I specialize in treating sex issues, trauma, depression, anxiety, and the everyday stressors that life throws your way.
(615) 461-4825 View (615) 461-4825
Photo of Brittney Sceals, MA, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brittney Sceals
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37067
I am passionate about working with women, teens, and members of the LGBTQ+ community on issues like disordered eating and eating disorders, body image challenges (not only the way we see our bodies, but the way we experience them), people pleasing, perfectionism, anxiety, and depression. Currently, I am practicing with Kimberly Rate (License 4434) as my primary supervisor.
I am passionate about working with women, teens, and members of the LGBTQ+ community on issues like disordered eating and eating disorders, body image challenges (not only the way we see our bodies, but the way we experience them), people pleasing, perfectionism, anxiety, and depression. Currently, I am practicing with Kimberly Rate (License 4434) as my primary supervisor.
(615) 552-1983 View (615) 552-1983
Photo of Angela Landry - Restoration Counseling Center, LMFT, LPC, MA, CST, Marriage & Family Therapist
Restoration Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, MA, CST
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37067
Restoration Counseling Center was founded by three Christian Counselors in Franklin, Tennessee, who share a vision for providing healing, grace, and professionalism to those experiencing brokenness in their relationship with self, others, and God. Our counselors have all been trained through nationally accredited counseling programs emphasizing Christian integration. Therapists at Restoration Counseling Center are passionate about helping others attain their goals and consider it a privilege to walk alongside others in healing. We have therapists accepting new clients for immediate openings.
Restoration Counseling Center was founded by three Christian Counselors in Franklin, Tennessee, who share a vision for providing healing, grace, and professionalism to those experiencing brokenness in their relationship with self, others, and God. Our counselors have all been trained through nationally accredited counseling programs emphasizing Christian integration. Therapists at Restoration Counseling Center are passionate about helping others attain their goals and consider it a privilege to walk alongside others in healing. We have therapists accepting new clients for immediate openings.
(615) 656-0432 View (615) 656-0432
Photo of Abigail Weatherly, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Abigail Weatherly
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37064
I have the privilege to work with parents who want to support their child and their development through connection and understanding, preteens/teens who are navigating life changes as they grow up and want to build new skills, and children who are learning about themselves and the world without the tools to communicate their needs. I love being able to advocate for my clients to support them in achieving the goals they set for themselves.
I have the privilege to work with parents who want to support their child and their development through connection and understanding, preteens/teens who are navigating life changes as they grow up and want to build new skills, and children who are learning about themselves and the world without the tools to communicate their needs. I love being able to advocate for my clients to support them in achieving the goals they set for themselves.
(615) 488-5720 View (615) 488-5720
Photo of Samantha Lacheta, MA, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Samantha Lacheta
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37064
If you struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trouble at school or with friendships, career stress, marital issues, divorce, parenting, neurodiversity including Autism/Asperger’s, ADHD or neurocognitive deficits, or anything that is preventing you from living a joyful, fulfilled life, let’s talk! I primarily work with adolescents and adults, but am open to younger clients as well. Therapy is like auto maintenance. If we don't keep up with oil changes, something major is bound to break eventually. So whether it's a tune-up or major repair you're looking for, I'm here to help.
If you struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trouble at school or with friendships, career stress, marital issues, divorce, parenting, neurodiversity including Autism/Asperger’s, ADHD or neurocognitive deficits, or anything that is preventing you from living a joyful, fulfilled life, let’s talk! I primarily work with adolescents and adults, but am open to younger clients as well. Therapy is like auto maintenance. If we don't keep up with oil changes, something major is bound to break eventually. So whether it's a tune-up or major repair you're looking for, I'm here to help.
(615) 552-1489 View (615) 552-1489
Photo of Amy Alexander - The Refuge Center for Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist
The Refuge Center for Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37064
The Refuge Center exists to offer excellent, accessible, and affordable mental and emotional healthcare services in support of a transformational impact on communities. With over 70 Staff Therapists, Contract Therapists, and Interns, we can provide a wide variety of services and specialized techniques including, EMDR, Music Therapy, and Neurofeedback.
The Refuge Center exists to offer excellent, accessible, and affordable mental and emotional healthcare services in support of a transformational impact on communities. With over 70 Staff Therapists, Contract Therapists, and Interns, we can provide a wide variety of services and specialized techniques including, EMDR, Music Therapy, and Neurofeedback.
(615) 632-6102 View (615) 632-6102
Silver Lake Psychology
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37067
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(615) 880-9683 View (615) 880-9683
Photo of Dave Flowers, MMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Dave Flowers
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37064
After a brief stint as a touring musician and 20 years in the equipment finance industry, I finally found my perfect work-fit: helping families find healing from previous hurts, cope and move through current life difficulties, and prepare for a healthy future. I work with children and young adults who are dealing with trauma, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and grief/loss. As a parent, myself, I understand that when our children struggle, we struggle as well. So, I provide support to parents who are navigating difficult challenges with their children.
After a brief stint as a touring musician and 20 years in the equipment finance industry, I finally found my perfect work-fit: helping families find healing from previous hurts, cope and move through current life difficulties, and prepare for a healthy future. I work with children and young adults who are dealing with trauma, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and grief/loss. As a parent, myself, I understand that when our children struggle, we struggle as well. So, I provide support to parents who are navigating difficult challenges with their children.
(615) 805-6478 View (615) 805-6478
Photo of Jill C. Flowers, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jill C. Flowers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37067
Most likely you’re not surfing Psychology Today because you have nothing else to do with your time. Let’s face it: most of us don’t come into therapy seeking real transformation unless the pain of staying the same is greater than the discomfort that comes with change. To be fully alive means that pain is inevitable, but suffering is optional. Combining the knowledge of my many great teachers and mentors, as well as wisdom gained through my own journey, I seek to serve as a guide for those who have experienced profound loss, trauma and disillusionment so that they may create a new life narrative and truly be happy!
Most likely you’re not surfing Psychology Today because you have nothing else to do with your time. Let’s face it: most of us don’t come into therapy seeking real transformation unless the pain of staying the same is greater than the discomfort that comes with change. To be fully alive means that pain is inevitable, but suffering is optional. Combining the knowledge of my many great teachers and mentors, as well as wisdom gained through my own journey, I seek to serve as a guide for those who have experienced profound loss, trauma and disillusionment so that they may create a new life narrative and truly be happy!
(615) 560-9152 View (615) 560-9152
Photo of Mary Margaret Johnson, LMFT, LPC, MHSP, CST, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mary Margaret Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, MHSP, CST
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37067
It isn't easy to ask for help. It’s easy to get discouraged in life, and in relationships. It’s hard to break patterns that keep us stuck and to move past the pain and anxieties we face. With an integrative approach to therapy, I help clients break destructive patterns, heal wounds, develop better coping strategies, improve relational skills, and gain richer understanding of themselves and others. The common challenges I work with include: sexual intimacy. codependency, anxiety, infidelity, loss, personality growth, trauma, family conflict, parenting, eating disorders, spiritual abuse and Christian spiritual direction.
It isn't easy to ask for help. It’s easy to get discouraged in life, and in relationships. It’s hard to break patterns that keep us stuck and to move past the pain and anxieties we face. With an integrative approach to therapy, I help clients break destructive patterns, heal wounds, develop better coping strategies, improve relational skills, and gain richer understanding of themselves and others. The common challenges I work with include: sexual intimacy. codependency, anxiety, infidelity, loss, personality growth, trauma, family conflict, parenting, eating disorders, spiritual abuse and Christian spiritual direction.
(615) 209-9278 View (615) 209-9278
Photo of Lauren Lewallen, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Lewallen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37064
Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety or overthinking, intrusive thoughts or images that are distressing or confusing, or maybe just dealing with daily life, stresses, or relationships? You may be fed up with the control anxiety has over you, feeling overwhelmed in everyday situations, or guilt for having intrusive thoughts. You might not even remember a time when things didn’t feel like this. Either way, one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to take back control and enjoy your life. You’re ready to face your fears and break free of old patterns. Most of all, you’re ready to feel more at peace.
Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety or overthinking, intrusive thoughts or images that are distressing or confusing, or maybe just dealing with daily life, stresses, or relationships? You may be fed up with the control anxiety has over you, feeling overwhelmed in everyday situations, or guilt for having intrusive thoughts. You might not even remember a time when things didn’t feel like this. Either way, one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to take back control and enjoy your life. You’re ready to face your fears and break free of old patterns. Most of all, you’re ready to feel more at peace.
(615) 647-6438 View (615) 647-6438
Photo of Jonathan Boye, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jonathan Boye
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37067
In our journey through life, we encounter times that are tough to navigate. It could be a fresh challenge that appears out of nowhere or an old emotional wound that requires healing. Sometimes, we need a place to share our thoughts, feelings, and emotions freely. That's where counseling steps in as a valuable tool. I see it as a way to guide and support your personal growth and healing, helping you move forward.
In our journey through life, we encounter times that are tough to navigate. It could be a fresh challenge that appears out of nowhere or an old emotional wound that requires healing. Sometimes, we need a place to share our thoughts, feelings, and emotions freely. That's where counseling steps in as a valuable tool. I see it as a way to guide and support your personal growth and healing, helping you move forward.
(615) 488-6531 View (615) 488-6531
Photo of Jack Justin Dreher, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jack Justin Dreher
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37064  (Online Only)
I recognize that the journey that brought you to therapy may not have been an easy one. I work to assist you in your self-exploration, learning, and growth by creating a safe, nurturing, respectful, yet challenging environment. I prioritize your autonomy and personal responsibility throughout the healing process.
I recognize that the journey that brought you to therapy may not have been an easy one. I work to assist you in your self-exploration, learning, and growth by creating a safe, nurturing, respectful, yet challenging environment. I prioritize your autonomy and personal responsibility throughout the healing process.
(615) 488-7683 View (615) 488-7683
Photo of Becky Stevenson, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Becky Stevenson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37064
Embarking on therapy can feel daunting. My office provides a shame-free, safe space where you can explore and process the impact of your life's journey. I am committed to actively listening and working diligently alongside you as we address issues and create the meaningful changes you seek. Therapy is a valuable investment that necessitates a personalized treatment approach. Recognizing the uniqueness and complexity of each individual, I offer a supportive environment that fosters the hard work of therapy with endless empathy, creativity, and even a touch of humor.
Embarking on therapy can feel daunting. My office provides a shame-free, safe space where you can explore and process the impact of your life's journey. I am committed to actively listening and working diligently alongside you as we address issues and create the meaningful changes you seek. Therapy is a valuable investment that necessitates a personalized treatment approach. Recognizing the uniqueness and complexity of each individual, I offer a supportive environment that fosters the hard work of therapy with endless empathy, creativity, and even a touch of humor.
(629) 318-0265 View (629) 318-0265
Photo of Kimberly Van Buskirk, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kimberly Van Buskirk
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Franklin, TN 37067
My name is Kim, I am an honest, straight shooter, who will support you as you grow and develop your insights and self-awareness. I am passionate about helping people and believe that everyone is worthy of love, can make healthy changes and is deserving of a space all to themselves to take the steps towards self-discovery. I believe in meeting my clients where they are at, utilizing an integrative approach to therapy and building a strong and reliable relationship between therapist and client.
My name is Kim, I am an honest, straight shooter, who will support you as you grow and develop your insights and self-awareness. I am passionate about helping people and believe that everyone is worthy of love, can make healthy changes and is deserving of a space all to themselves to take the steps towards self-discovery. I believe in meeting my clients where they are at, utilizing an integrative approach to therapy and building a strong and reliable relationship between therapist and client.
(615) 437-2289 View (615) 437-2289
Photo of Cindy Butler Mancini, PhD, Psychologist
Cindy Butler Mancini
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37064
I believe we all do our very best to cope with life’s challenges. Allowing someone to face those challenges with you can be one of the hardest aspects of starting psychotherapy. I approach therapy as a partner in exploration and discovery. I work toward creating a safe, warm environment that facilitates connection, understanding, and positive change. Every person is unique and so are their strengths, struggles, and goals, so I focus on tailoring treatment to the specific needs of each client.
I believe we all do our very best to cope with life’s challenges. Allowing someone to face those challenges with you can be one of the hardest aspects of starting psychotherapy. I approach therapy as a partner in exploration and discovery. I work toward creating a safe, warm environment that facilitates connection, understanding, and positive change. Every person is unique and so are their strengths, struggles, and goals, so I focus on tailoring treatment to the specific needs of each client.
(615) 270-9994 View (615) 270-9994
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Franklin, TN

600+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Franklin, TN who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
65% Grief
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Franklin, TN see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Franklin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.