Therapists in Cambridge, MA

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Photo of Lissa Dutra, PhD, JD, Psychologist
Lissa Dutra
Psychologist, PhD, JD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
The client-centered psychotherapy services I provide are tailored to meet the individual needs of my clients. I draw from a variety of theoretical orientations, including psychodynamic (insight oriented), cognitive-behavioral (skills development) and relational treatment approaches, but the needs of my clients dictate the specific approaches I employ in our work. "Goodness-of-fit" between client and therapist, as well between client and treatment approach, is very important. I believe psychotherapy should address both surface-level problems (e.g. depression, anxiety, relationship conflict), as well as underlying causes of these problems, so it has a long-lasting impact.
The client-centered psychotherapy services I provide are tailored to meet the individual needs of my clients. I draw from a variety of theoretical orientations, including psychodynamic (insight oriented), cognitive-behavioral (skills development) and relational treatment approaches, but the needs of my clients dictate the specific approaches I employ in our work. "Goodness-of-fit" between client and therapist, as well between client and treatment approach, is very important. I believe psychotherapy should address both surface-level problems (e.g. depression, anxiety, relationship conflict), as well as underlying causes of these problems, so it has a long-lasting impact.
(617) 500-1871 View (617) 500-1871
Photo of Rose Haferd - GreaterBostonTherapy, LEP, CAGS, NCSP
GreaterBostonTherapy
LEP, CAGS, NCSP
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140
In our sessions together, you can expect my therapeutic style to be warm, empathetic and person-centered. Therapy should not be one-size-fits-all and I recognize that every client brings a different story to session. You are the expert of your own experience and I will take the time to understand how we can collaborate together to work on your own personal t
In our sessions together, you can expect my therapeutic style to be warm, empathetic and person-centered. Therapy should not be one-size-fits-all and I recognize that every client brings a different story to session. You are the expert of your own experience and I will take the time to understand how we can collaborate together to work on your own personal t
(508) 863-4862 View (508) 863-4862
Photo of Caroline Murphy, MSW,  LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caroline Murphy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
I enjoy working with others struggling with anxiety, ADHD, depression, confidence, spirituality, relationship issues, and self-worth. I often find myself working with those who are learning how to honor their intuition and develop their true and higher selves. I also enjoy working with clients who are open to alternative therapies. I am a heart-centered and strengths-based therapist who meets clients where they are in life and strives to provide a nurturing environment to allow my clients to grow into the best versions of themselves.
I enjoy working with others struggling with anxiety, ADHD, depression, confidence, spirituality, relationship issues, and self-worth. I often find myself working with those who are learning how to honor their intuition and develop their true and higher selves. I also enjoy working with clients who are open to alternative therapies. I am a heart-centered and strengths-based therapist who meets clients where they are in life and strives to provide a nurturing environment to allow my clients to grow into the best versions of themselves.
(857) 336-0854 View (857) 336-0854
Photo of Amy Lowright, LMHC, LPC, PMH-C, Counselor
Amy Lowright
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am an integrative, trauma-focused, queer therapist dedicated to helping people understand themselves better. I particularly enjoy working with clients who want to be in more authentic, connected relationships with partners and family members, want to better understand how trauma has impacted their life and shed patterns that are no longer useful, or want to parent differently than they were parented. My areas of specialized training include interpersonal trauma and PTSD (sexual assault, childhood abuse, domestic violence), attachment and relationships, perinatal mental health, and infant/early childhood mental health.
I am an integrative, trauma-focused, queer therapist dedicated to helping people understand themselves better. I particularly enjoy working with clients who want to be in more authentic, connected relationships with partners and family members, want to better understand how trauma has impacted their life and shed patterns that are no longer useful, or want to parent differently than they were parented. My areas of specialized training include interpersonal trauma and PTSD (sexual assault, childhood abuse, domestic violence), attachment and relationships, perinatal mental health, and infant/early childhood mental health.
(617) 579-8581 View (617) 579-8581
Photo of Pamela Pacelli, MA, LMHC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Pamela Pacelli
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMHC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
You might be an individual going through a life transition and you would like an experienced, compassionate and collaborative therapist to help you bring yourself into full expression, through appreciating your strengths, and working with you to create goals and connections to a better future. Or, perhaps you are partnered, having difficulty with patterns of communication and want a safe place to re connect.oo
You might be an individual going through a life transition and you would like an experienced, compassionate and collaborative therapist to help you bring yourself into full expression, through appreciating your strengths, and working with you to create goals and connections to a better future. Or, perhaps you are partnered, having difficulty with patterns of communication and want a safe place to re connect.oo
(617) 333-8407 View (617) 333-8407
Photo of Carol F Kripke, Psychologist
Carol F Kripke
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
How do I effectuate change? I believe change occurs from a sustained active approach with the therapist. Why is there a need for change? Many people report affective states of anxiety, depression, and stress that are inhibiting them in their work, personal lives, and enjoyment of life. My education and experience put me in a unique position to give people the understanding to find satisfaction from their personal, family and work life. Therapeutic interactions are in the here and now. Understanding often leads to an improved quality of life; alleviating anxiety, depressive feelings as well as fears of being stuck.
How do I effectuate change? I believe change occurs from a sustained active approach with the therapist. Why is there a need for change? Many people report affective states of anxiety, depression, and stress that are inhibiting them in their work, personal lives, and enjoyment of life. My education and experience put me in a unique position to give people the understanding to find satisfaction from their personal, family and work life. Therapeutic interactions are in the here and now. Understanding often leads to an improved quality of life; alleviating anxiety, depressive feelings as well as fears of being stuck.
(617) 440-3730 View (617) 440-3730
Photo of Carolyn Burke, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Carolyn Burke
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
My style is very straightforward. We will roll up our sleeves and get to work. I spend as little time as possible talking as I prefer to hear clients' stories from the client and learn their dreams and goals for themselves and their families. I try and help them self-determine how they dynamically fit into the family structure. I tend to lean away from coddling and try to identify options and choices that clients may not be able to see while they are in the midst of a dilemma or crisis.
My style is very straightforward. We will roll up our sleeves and get to work. I spend as little time as possible talking as I prefer to hear clients' stories from the client and learn their dreams and goals for themselves and their families. I try and help them self-determine how they dynamically fit into the family structure. I tend to lean away from coddling and try to identify options and choices that clients may not be able to see while they are in the midst of a dilemma or crisis.
(240) 693-5548 View (240) 693-5548
Photo of Shelby Ortega, PhD, HSP, Psychologist
Shelby Ortega
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Choosing to go to therapy is both a courageous and meaningful step in someone's life. In my experience, some clients enter treatment having a sense of what is troubling them and have made great efforts to resolve these difficulties, and yet these painful feelings persist. And other times, clients are only aware of the hurt they are feeling and are looking for ways to identify it's source and alleviate their discomfort. I have found that the therapeutic relationship can be helpful in both circumstances and seek to provide an approach that is best characterized by warmth, flexibility, openness, active engagement, and sensitivity.
Choosing to go to therapy is both a courageous and meaningful step in someone's life. In my experience, some clients enter treatment having a sense of what is troubling them and have made great efforts to resolve these difficulties, and yet these painful feelings persist. And other times, clients are only aware of the hurt they are feeling and are looking for ways to identify it's source and alleviate their discomfort. I have found that the therapeutic relationship can be helpful in both circumstances and seek to provide an approach that is best characterized by warmth, flexibility, openness, active engagement, and sensitivity.
(617) 500-0298 View (617) 500-0298
Photo of Kurt Loiseau, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kurt Loiseau
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
My therapeutic approach is grounded in psychodynamic, relational cultural, and cognitive-behavioral theories. My therapeutic style is collaborative and transparent in nature, as I aim to be aligned with my clients’ treatment goals and clear in the direction of our sessions. Additionally, I aim to meet my clients where they are and utilize the relevant skills to meet my clients’ needs. My therapeutic style is rooted in curiosity and viewing the client holistically. I have had extensive training in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches and am able to apply practical, short-term skills when clinically appropriate.
My therapeutic approach is grounded in psychodynamic, relational cultural, and cognitive-behavioral theories. My therapeutic style is collaborative and transparent in nature, as I aim to be aligned with my clients’ treatment goals and clear in the direction of our sessions. Additionally, I aim to meet my clients where they are and utilize the relevant skills to meet my clients’ needs. My therapeutic style is rooted in curiosity and viewing the client holistically. I have had extensive training in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches and am able to apply practical, short-term skills when clinically appropriate.
(508) 392-5456 View (508) 392-5456
Photo of Thomas W. Westerling, PhD, Psychologist
Thomas W. Westerling
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
It can be disheartening to expend considerable energy trying to change something and be left with a similar outcome. It is not easy to lead a fulfilling life while being caught in patterns outside of awareness. Psychotherapy gives the opportunity to look inward and ask how a fleeting thought, a dream, or a subtle change may be related to ongoing difficulties. Taking a closer look at something while also being curious during that exploration can open up a greater understanding and lead to meaningful changes.
It can be disheartening to expend considerable energy trying to change something and be left with a similar outcome. It is not easy to lead a fulfilling life while being caught in patterns outside of awareness. Psychotherapy gives the opportunity to look inward and ask how a fleeting thought, a dream, or a subtle change may be related to ongoing difficulties. Taking a closer look at something while also being curious during that exploration can open up a greater understanding and lead to meaningful changes.
(617) 936-8919 View (617) 936-8919
Photo of Natasha Khoury, MEd, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Natasha Khoury
Counselor, MEd, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140
My goal is to guide you in understanding what interferes with living a fulfilling life. I believe change is possible, in spite of any circumstance, and I will support you through your journey of growth and self-discovery. As a therapist with extensive background working with trauma survivors and individuals of all ages, couples and families in crisis, I respect and understand both the challenges and lifelong benefits of having therapeutic alliance. My experience with the healing process has solidified the importance of consistent, genuine care, creating a space to pursue what it is you desire and find to be meaningful.
My goal is to guide you in understanding what interferes with living a fulfilling life. I believe change is possible, in spite of any circumstance, and I will support you through your journey of growth and self-discovery. As a therapist with extensive background working with trauma survivors and individuals of all ages, couples and families in crisis, I respect and understand both the challenges and lifelong benefits of having therapeutic alliance. My experience with the healing process has solidified the importance of consistent, genuine care, creating a space to pursue what it is you desire and find to be meaningful.
(508) 286-6083 View (508) 286-6083
Photo of Joy Von Steiger, PhD, Psychologist
Joy Von Steiger
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
I have been in private practice in the Boston/Cambridge area for 35 years working with adults and adolescents, couples and families. I work with clients utilizing a trauma informed lens as well as elements of liberation psychology. I feel all clinical work must begin with a thorough understanding of a client's multiple identities and how those identities interact within their communities and the larger culture.  My work and my passion are embedded in a deep commitment to social justice.
I have been in private practice in the Boston/Cambridge area for 35 years working with adults and adolescents, couples and families. I work with clients utilizing a trauma informed lens as well as elements of liberation psychology. I feel all clinical work must begin with a thorough understanding of a client's multiple identities and how those identities interact within their communities and the larger culture.  My work and my passion are embedded in a deep commitment to social justice.
(617) 682-9227 View (617) 682-9227
Photo of Debra M Glick, PhD, Psychologist
Debra M Glick
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Many people view therapy as a place to go to FEEL better. My first aim is to help you LIVE better–which will likely enable you to feel more fulfilled. Clients describe me as compassionate, caring, and challenging. My approach combines my knowledge of psychological theories and techniques with my energetic and interactive style. Working together, we will identify the ways in which your unproductive thought, emotional, and behavioral patterns prevent you from living a life consistent with your values and from achieving your goals.
Many people view therapy as a place to go to FEEL better. My first aim is to help you LIVE better–which will likely enable you to feel more fulfilled. Clients describe me as compassionate, caring, and challenging. My approach combines my knowledge of psychological theories and techniques with my energetic and interactive style. Working together, we will identify the ways in which your unproductive thought, emotional, and behavioral patterns prevent you from living a life consistent with your values and from achieving your goals.
(978) 926-3897 View (978) 926-3897
Photo of Jenny O'Brien, PhD, Psychologist
Jenny O'Brien
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Waitlist for new clients
Dr. O’Brien (she/her) works with adults and specializes in treating a range of issues, including anxiety disorders, trauma, general stress management, life transitions, interpersonal conflict, assertiveness, and identity development. She has a specific interest in working with individuals who identify along the LGBTQIA+ spectrum and particularly with transgender and non-binary individuals who might be at different stages of transition/coming out.
Dr. O’Brien (she/her) works with adults and specializes in treating a range of issues, including anxiety disorders, trauma, general stress management, life transitions, interpersonal conflict, assertiveness, and identity development. She has a specific interest in working with individuals who identify along the LGBTQIA+ spectrum and particularly with transgender and non-binary individuals who might be at different stages of transition/coming out.
(617) 766-0279 View (617) 766-0279
Photo of Natasha Monique Bolton - Pierre, LMHC, Counselor
Natasha Monique Bolton - Pierre
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Have you been feeling sad, hopeless or as if life is overwhelming? Are you wondering if the anxiety and struggles of life will ever get better? I can help you focus on empowering yourself to make the best decisions for your life through hope, help and healing so that you can maintain a fulfilling and rewarding life even in the midst of varying challenges. I have skills in the areas related to depression, anxiety, other mood disorders, grief, suicidal thoughts, self harm, domestic violence and varying other traumas and experiences.
Have you been feeling sad, hopeless or as if life is overwhelming? Are you wondering if the anxiety and struggles of life will ever get better? I can help you focus on empowering yourself to make the best decisions for your life through hope, help and healing so that you can maintain a fulfilling and rewarding life even in the midst of varying challenges. I have skills in the areas related to depression, anxiety, other mood disorders, grief, suicidal thoughts, self harm, domestic violence and varying other traumas and experiences.
(857) 304-0030 View (857) 304-0030
Photo of Ummul Kathawalla, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Ummul Kathawalla
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
I offer collaborative, compassionate, culturally-informed, evidenced-based care tailored to you in Massachusetts and Minnesota. Whether you're navigating life transitions, feeling overwhelmed by emotions, or seeking self-understanding, I help you build on your strengths to achieve your therapy goals. I have a passion for supporting young adults, adults, parents, and couples through a range of concerns. I believe therapy can be valuable not only in difficult times but also a space for self-care. I aim to create an environment where you can express yourself and feel heard, with the goal of helping you do the things you care about.
I offer collaborative, compassionate, culturally-informed, evidenced-based care tailored to you in Massachusetts and Minnesota. Whether you're navigating life transitions, feeling overwhelmed by emotions, or seeking self-understanding, I help you build on your strengths to achieve your therapy goals. I have a passion for supporting young adults, adults, parents, and couples through a range of concerns. I believe therapy can be valuable not only in difficult times but also a space for self-care. I aim to create an environment where you can express yourself and feel heard, with the goal of helping you do the things you care about.
(508) 506-5542 View (508) 506-5542
Photo of Dr. Charles Eugene Lewis - Three Worlds of Being, PhD, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Three Worlds of Being
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139
Many people are stuck. They cannot either make decisions or make decisions that do not help them move forward. This is like a bad Groundhog Day movie. Ineffective decision-making creates stuckness and futility. As founder of Three Worlds, I am dedicated in helping individuals to develop a practice of efficient decision-making. I work collaboratively with individuals in strengthening their ability to form decisions that increase life's happiness.
Many people are stuck. They cannot either make decisions or make decisions that do not help them move forward. This is like a bad Groundhog Day movie. Ineffective decision-making creates stuckness and futility. As founder of Three Worlds, I am dedicated in helping individuals to develop a practice of efficient decision-making. I work collaboratively with individuals in strengthening their ability to form decisions that increase life's happiness.
(857) 362-8609 View (857) 362-8609
Photo of Alejandra H Faust, PhD, Psychologist
Alejandra H Faust
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself worrying often, replaying the same scenario in your mind, feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or having difficulty adjusting to a change, or struggling with a chronic illness? I am committed to helping you improve your quality of life consistent with your goals. My approach is compassionate, warm, collaborative, and goal-oriented. Please reach out to see how I can support you and provide you with additional tools. Together, we will identify ways to improve your anxiety, depression, struggles with a chronic illness, quit tobacco, and help you feel unstuck. I specialize in working with adults of all ages (ages 18+).
Do you find yourself worrying often, replaying the same scenario in your mind, feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or having difficulty adjusting to a change, or struggling with a chronic illness? I am committed to helping you improve your quality of life consistent with your goals. My approach is compassionate, warm, collaborative, and goal-oriented. Please reach out to see how I can support you and provide you with additional tools. Together, we will identify ways to improve your anxiety, depression, struggles with a chronic illness, quit tobacco, and help you feel unstuck. I specialize in working with adults of all ages (ages 18+).
(857) 309-2970 View (857) 309-2970
Photo of Catherine Matejcek, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Catherine Matejcek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140  (Online Only)
Pursuing therapy is an admirable step; it takes a lot of courage and energy. As such, I approach therapy with a respectful, accepting attitude. Whether working with an individual or entire family, I operate from the notion that everyone is doing their best, given their circumstances. I assume an active role in therapy: I quickly engage, listen deeply and reflect back. I will ask clarifying questions and offer interpretations.
Pursuing therapy is an admirable step; it takes a lot of courage and energy. As such, I approach therapy with a respectful, accepting attitude. Whether working with an individual or entire family, I operate from the notion that everyone is doing their best, given their circumstances. I assume an active role in therapy: I quickly engage, listen deeply and reflect back. I will ask clarifying questions and offer interpretations.
(413) 349-4211 View (413) 349-4211
Photo of Adeline Dettor, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adeline Dettor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
Feeling trapped in painful emotions or stuck in unfulfilling relationship patterns? Adeline Dettor is adept in helping couples, twenty-somethings, and professionals become “unstuck” from painful emotions and ineffective ways of relating to themselves and others. Her expertise with grief, anxiety, depression, and trauma are accompanied by an approach to therapy that creates space for healing and for seemingly small and inconsequential observations to grow into life-altering insights.
Feeling trapped in painful emotions or stuck in unfulfilling relationship patterns? Adeline Dettor is adept in helping couples, twenty-somethings, and professionals become “unstuck” from painful emotions and ineffective ways of relating to themselves and others. Her expertise with grief, anxiety, depression, and trauma are accompanied by an approach to therapy that creates space for healing and for seemingly small and inconsequential observations to grow into life-altering insights.
(617) 397-3744 View (617) 397-3744
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cambridge, MA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Cambridge, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% BlueCross and BlueShield
55% Aetna
50% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Cambridge, MA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cambridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.