Therapists in Fort Lauderdale, FL

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Photo of Vanessa Ayude, LMHC, Counselor
Vanessa Ayude
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304  (Online Only)
Life can be tough, filled with challenging days that leave you feeling stuck and overwhelmed. It's completely normal to experience worry and sadness, which can often lead to decisions that you'd rather avoid. The weight of these stressors can have a significant impact on your self-esteem, relationships, and overall performance in various aspects of life. I am here to provide guidance and support, helping you navigate towards a more positive and fulfilling life. Together, we will discover the path to happiness, well-being, and a brighter future. Contact me today to start your transformative journey!
Life can be tough, filled with challenging days that leave you feeling stuck and overwhelmed. It's completely normal to experience worry and sadness, which can often lead to decisions that you'd rather avoid. The weight of these stressors can have a significant impact on your self-esteem, relationships, and overall performance in various aspects of life. I am here to provide guidance and support, helping you navigate towards a more positive and fulfilling life. Together, we will discover the path to happiness, well-being, and a brighter future. Contact me today to start your transformative journey!
(954) 951-5391 View (954) 951-5391
Photo of Simone Finnis, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Simone Finnis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308
Hello, I am a fully Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Owner and Director of Simple Therapy Now. As an experienced therapist, I specialize in Individual, Couples, Teens, Family therapy, and Women's Issues therapy. I see clients for a broad range of circumstances and challenges, ranging from but not limited to; Couples Relational health; Marital issues, Family Healing and Functioning; Teen and Child issues; Relapse prevention; Stress and Life Transitions, Spiritual issues; Personal growth; Psychological /mental health disorders such Anxiety, Depression, Mood disorders, Chronic illness coping to Multi-Crisis situations and more.
Hello, I am a fully Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Owner and Director of Simple Therapy Now. As an experienced therapist, I specialize in Individual, Couples, Teens, Family therapy, and Women's Issues therapy. I see clients for a broad range of circumstances and challenges, ranging from but not limited to; Couples Relational health; Marital issues, Family Healing and Functioning; Teen and Child issues; Relapse prevention; Stress and Life Transitions, Spiritual issues; Personal growth; Psychological /mental health disorders such Anxiety, Depression, Mood disorders, Chronic illness coping to Multi-Crisis situations and more.
(754) 333-6615 View (754) 333-6615
Photo of Hailey Sliva, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hailey Sliva
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304
I do really well-reaching clients who have anxiety and depression. I also do well with college-aged clients and young mothers, 20/30-year-old women, and I can empathize with mothers/parents very well, as I am married with a 3-year-old son. My ideal client is motivated to participate in the therapeutic process and has some insight into their problem & what they feel they need to do to solve it. They don't expect me to have all the answers and understand that we will partner together to achieve their goals- but that they are the ones who have to be motivated to create change.
I do really well-reaching clients who have anxiety and depression. I also do well with college-aged clients and young mothers, 20/30-year-old women, and I can empathize with mothers/parents very well, as I am married with a 3-year-old son. My ideal client is motivated to participate in the therapeutic process and has some insight into their problem & what they feel they need to do to solve it. They don't expect me to have all the answers and understand that we will partner together to achieve their goals- but that they are the ones who have to be motivated to create change.
(954) 466-2546 View (954) 466-2546
Photo of Kelly Pierce Pineda, LMFT, PMH-C, IMH-E, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelly Pierce Pineda
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C, IMH-E
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308  (Online Only)
I specialize in attachment/relationship issues, women's emotional/mental health, trauma, maternal and perinatal mental health disorders. I offer a collaborative, therapeutic partnership that explores the body, mind, spirit connection, and utilizes your strengths, struggles, past experiences and future hopes to create opportunities for change.
I specialize in attachment/relationship issues, women's emotional/mental health, trauma, maternal and perinatal mental health disorders. I offer a collaborative, therapeutic partnership that explores the body, mind, spirit connection, and utilizes your strengths, struggles, past experiences and future hopes to create opportunities for change.
(954) 210-9298 View (954) 210-9298
Photo of Liza Acosta, LMFT, CTP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Liza Acosta
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CTP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33311  (Online Only)
I believe that the first important step to any relationship is trust. Establishing rapport with my patient is the first thing I focus on at the onset of treatment to ensure my patient is comfortable. Whatever the presenting problem is, we can work together through it if Trust has been established and protected. Only then can the healing process actually begin. After that, the rest is easy!
I believe that the first important step to any relationship is trust. Establishing rapport with my patient is the first thing I focus on at the onset of treatment to ensure my patient is comfortable. Whatever the presenting problem is, we can work together through it if Trust has been established and protected. Only then can the healing process actually begin. After that, the rest is easy!
(954) 951-1702 View (954) 951-1702
Photo of Carissa McGuiness - Multicultural Alliance Health Care Solutions , LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Multicultural Alliance Health Care Solutions
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309
If you reside in Broward County, Florida, area, MAHCS is here to serve you. We understand the unique challenges faced by the community and tailor our services to meet your specific needs. . Our bilingual and culturally competent services bridge the gap caused by language and cultural barriers. we take pride in providing client-centered, family-focused, and community-based services. . Together, we will develop a personalized treatment plan outlining your goals and objectives, leading to positive outcomes.
If you reside in Broward County, Florida, area, MAHCS is here to serve you. We understand the unique challenges faced by the community and tailor our services to meet your specific needs. . Our bilingual and culturally competent services bridge the gap caused by language and cultural barriers. we take pride in providing client-centered, family-focused, and community-based services. . Together, we will develop a personalized treatment plan outlining your goals and objectives, leading to positive outcomes.
(954) 710-5166 View (954) 710-5166
Photo of Lori Butts, JD, PhD, Psychologist
Lori Butts
Psychologist, JD, PhD
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316
The Clinical & Forensic Institute, Inc. provides a comprehensive array of clinical and forensic psychological services to both the South Florida community and nationally. With expertise in numerous psychological fields of study, CFI offers comprehensive clinical treatment including individual, family, couples, addiction therapy, sex addiction therapy, sexual offender treatment, and group therapy as well as a broad range of clinical assessments for a variety of disorders. Additionally, our staff performs an array of forensic psychological services in the areas of criminal and civil law encompassing all aspects of forensic assessment, trial consultation, cross examination preparation, witness preparation, and case strategy evaluation.
The Clinical & Forensic Institute, Inc. provides a comprehensive array of clinical and forensic psychological services to both the South Florida community and nationally. With expertise in numerous psychological fields of study, CFI offers comprehensive clinical treatment including individual, family, couples, addiction therapy, sex addiction therapy, sexual offender treatment, and group therapy as well as a broad range of clinical assessments for a variety of disorders. Additionally, our staff performs an array of forensic psychological services in the areas of criminal and civil law encompassing all aspects of forensic assessment, trial consultation, cross examination preparation, witness preparation, and case strategy evaluation.
(954) 790-6480 View (954) 790-6480
Photo of James Fidal Young, Psy D, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
James Fidal Young
Counselor, Psy D, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33311  (Online Only)
I am licensed in Florida with 9 years of professional work experience. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. I have specific expertise to assist in diverse populations to navigate with support and sincerity.
I am licensed in Florida with 9 years of professional work experience. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. I have specific expertise to assist in diverse populations to navigate with support and sincerity.
(954) 833-6715 View (954) 833-6715
Photo of Elena Michelle Cohen, MS Psy
Elena Michelle Cohen
MS Psy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33312  (Online Only)
I have helped thousands of clients release the pain and stress that comes from daily living and holding on to past traumas. Whether you are suffering from daily stress in your relationship or your job, or you feel like your entire world is falling apart, I want to use my expertise to help make your healing easier. I've helped adolescents handle everything from bullying and ADHD to college preparation. I've helped adults successfully navigate their relationships, marriages, and parenting struggles. I want to help you be excited to wake up everyday.
I have helped thousands of clients release the pain and stress that comes from daily living and holding on to past traumas. Whether you are suffering from daily stress in your relationship or your job, or you feel like your entire world is falling apart, I want to use my expertise to help make your healing easier. I've helped adolescents handle everything from bullying and ADHD to college preparation. I've helped adults successfully navigate their relationships, marriages, and parenting struggles. I want to help you be excited to wake up everyday.
(786) 305-8931 View (786) 305-8931
Photo of Ann Gossy, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ann Gossy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309
When I was in therapy struggling with depression and anxiety and thoughts of “I’m not good enough,“ my wise therapist referred me to a clinician who specialized in EMDR therapy. In a matter of weeks, the therapy rocked my world, giving me a life-altering perspective that changed my entire existence for the better. I immediately decided to enrich my therapist tool box by taking the intense training to become an Emdria-approved EMDR therapist. As a result, I help my clients experience radical, positive change in a matter of weeks or a few short months. I am blessed to witness my clients’ personal transformations.
When I was in therapy struggling with depression and anxiety and thoughts of “I’m not good enough,“ my wise therapist referred me to a clinician who specialized in EMDR therapy. In a matter of weeks, the therapy rocked my world, giving me a life-altering perspective that changed my entire existence for the better. I immediately decided to enrich my therapist tool box by taking the intense training to become an Emdria-approved EMDR therapist. As a result, I help my clients experience radical, positive change in a matter of weeks or a few short months. I am blessed to witness my clients’ personal transformations.
(954) 928-9403 View (954) 928-9403
Photo of Jamila Williams Jenkins, RMFTI, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Jamila Williams Jenkins
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, RMFTI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33306
Hi there! Are you feeling lost and uncertain about yourself and the world around you? Feeling like the weight of the world is on your shoulders? You do not have to face it alone. I'm here to help you navigate and discover opportunities for growth and development.
Hi there! Are you feeling lost and uncertain about yourself and the world around you? Feeling like the weight of the world is on your shoulders? You do not have to face it alone. I'm here to help you navigate and discover opportunities for growth and development.
(404) 383-4961 View (404) 383-4961
Photo of Audrey Dawson, PsyD, Psychologist
Audrey Dawson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309
Dr. Dawson is a licensed psychologist and CEO of VIP Transformations, LLC. She has over 20 years of mental health experience. She serves a multi-racial and diverse socio-economic population. Most of her life's work has been with adolescents, adults, geriatrics and families. She specializes working with trauma and sexual violence. Responding to growing social needs, she provides psychological services for those experiencing issues with depression, anxiety, career concerns, familial issues, anger management, and relationship challenges.
Dr. Dawson is a licensed psychologist and CEO of VIP Transformations, LLC. She has over 20 years of mental health experience. She serves a multi-racial and diverse socio-economic population. Most of her life's work has been with adolescents, adults, geriatrics and families. She specializes working with trauma and sexual violence. Responding to growing social needs, she provides psychological services for those experiencing issues with depression, anxiety, career concerns, familial issues, anger management, and relationship challenges.
(754) 714-3683 View (754) 714-3683
Photo of Brandi Moore, LMHC
Brandi Moore
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301  (Online Only)
Welcome! I hold a BA in Psychology with a minor in Music from Saint Leo University. I received my Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling in 2018. Since receiving my masters degree, I've worked in various settings including inpatient, outpatient, and the Department of Juvenile Justice residential programs working with children and adolescents.
Welcome! I hold a BA in Psychology with a minor in Music from Saint Leo University. I received my Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling in 2018. Since receiving my masters degree, I've worked in various settings including inpatient, outpatient, and the Department of Juvenile Justice residential programs working with children and adolescents.
(954) 256-1592 View (954) 256-1592
Photo of Gennifer Williams, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gennifer Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316  (Online Only)
When life feels overwhelming, our minds can convince us that we are alone in our daily challenges and during our most difficult times. We get used to handling it on our own. I believe there is a better way. Working with a psychotherapist who can deeply connect with where you are on your healing journey can be transformative. Transformation might look like addressing symptoms, resolving a problem, or seeking something more. By guiding you to deeper insights and clearer understandings, together, we are better able to confront the barriers that may be holding you back from the life you want to live.
When life feels overwhelming, our minds can convince us that we are alone in our daily challenges and during our most difficult times. We get used to handling it on our own. I believe there is a better way. Working with a psychotherapist who can deeply connect with where you are on your healing journey can be transformative. Transformation might look like addressing symptoms, resolving a problem, or seeking something more. By guiding you to deeper insights and clearer understandings, together, we are better able to confront the barriers that may be holding you back from the life you want to live.
(954) 231-1551 View (954) 231-1551
Photo of Olga Rodriguez, LMHC, Psychologist
Olga Rodriguez
Psychologist, LMHC
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301  (Online Only)
Hi! I had been a licensed psychologist for 35 years serving the Puerto Rican population for about 35 years and recently licensed in Florida.
Hi! I had been a licensed psychologist for 35 years serving the Puerto Rican population for about 35 years and recently licensed in Florida.
(305) 575-2487 View (305) 575-2487
Photo of Aryeh Y Blum, LMHC, CCTP, MS
Aryeh Y Blum
LMHC, CCTP, MS
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33312
My ideal client is an individual seeking freedom from emotional and psychological pain. My clients see me in order to gain independence from the pain of trauma, chronic illness, addiction, and existential crisis. My client's learn new ways of thinking about the world and their place in it. They learn to live as "a part of" and not "apart from". Their relationships are enhanced, their quality of life improves, and they begin to experience life more broadly and richly. My ideal client desires change and is willing to work to achieve it.
My ideal client is an individual seeking freedom from emotional and psychological pain. My clients see me in order to gain independence from the pain of trauma, chronic illness, addiction, and existential crisis. My client's learn new ways of thinking about the world and their place in it. They learn to live as "a part of" and not "apart from". Their relationships are enhanced, their quality of life improves, and they begin to experience life more broadly and richly. My ideal client desires change and is willing to work to achieve it.
(754) 399-1135 View (754) 399-1135
Photo of Phillip Wells - The Players Coach, LMHC, MEd, EdS
The Players Coach
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, MEd, EdS
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33312
Entrepreneurs & working professionals, you're looking to gain more confidence so that you can feel more happier & successful with your life! This would allow you to scale your business, improve your performance at work, & EVEN enjoy time with your loved ones without worrying about what they think! But you feel so overwhelmed with self doubt & anxiety, that you overthink & never take action! So you're looking to overcome your anxieties & it's important to you because your life, business, & career will transform FOREVER! That means no more feeling stuck, depressed or doubting yourself! Is that correct?
Entrepreneurs & working professionals, you're looking to gain more confidence so that you can feel more happier & successful with your life! This would allow you to scale your business, improve your performance at work, & EVEN enjoy time with your loved ones without worrying about what they think! But you feel so overwhelmed with self doubt & anxiety, that you overthink & never take action! So you're looking to overcome your anxieties & it's important to you because your life, business, & career will transform FOREVER! That means no more feeling stuck, depressed or doubting yourself! Is that correct?
(954) 356-2002 View (954) 356-2002
Photo of Diana Cofsky, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Diana Cofsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33304
I specialize in Anxiety, Depression, & Mood Disorders. I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years, obtaining my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia. I have been fortunate to have backgrounds in both addiction and mental health at all levels of care, including inpatient residential, intensive outpatient and outpatient. My approach to therapy is client centered, using a variety of modalities including CBT, DBT and family systems therapy. I believe in the mind/body connection and offer guided imagery.
I specialize in Anxiety, Depression, & Mood Disorders. I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years, obtaining my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia. I have been fortunate to have backgrounds in both addiction and mental health at all levels of care, including inpatient residential, intensive outpatient and outpatient. My approach to therapy is client centered, using a variety of modalities including CBT, DBT and family systems therapy. I believe in the mind/body connection and offer guided imagery.
(954) 449-6866 View (954) 449-6866
Photo of Imani Williams, MSW, LCSW, QS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Imani Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, QS
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
Do you feel like you are being held back because of a depressed mood, anxious feelings, or past trauma? Are you uncomfortable trusting others? Imagine having meaningful relationships, feeling confident, and having control over your life. I enjoy helping my clients solve their problems. I am certified in Trauma Focussed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is typically used with persons with a trauma history, PTSD, or depression. I am certified in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy which has great efficacy with personality disorders. Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT/Tapping) are also used for anxiety, phobias, addiction, and trauma.
Do you feel like you are being held back because of a depressed mood, anxious feelings, or past trauma? Are you uncomfortable trusting others? Imagine having meaningful relationships, feeling confident, and having control over your life. I enjoy helping my clients solve their problems. I am certified in Trauma Focussed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is typically used with persons with a trauma history, PTSD, or depression. I am certified in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy which has great efficacy with personality disorders. Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT/Tapping) are also used for anxiety, phobias, addiction, and trauma.
(754) 219-9612 View (754) 219-9612
Photo of Moshe L Raskind - Serenity Psychotherapy LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Serenity Psychotherapy LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33312  (Online Only)
Getting to the root of your pain, learning to deal with it, building upon your strengths then learning to act versus react to people and events is the goal of our approach. We have a long history of working with diverse populations, who have developed varied problems: Mental Health, Substance Abuse, Marital, Parenting, Occupational, grief and more Our approach is to work with your strengths; help you to develop new views and skills and then organize them into a plan that works in obtaining your goals. As a psychotherapy group practice, we can see just about anyone no matter what you're dealing with.
Getting to the root of your pain, learning to deal with it, building upon your strengths then learning to act versus react to people and events is the goal of our approach. We have a long history of working with diverse populations, who have developed varied problems: Mental Health, Substance Abuse, Marital, Parenting, Occupational, grief and more Our approach is to work with your strengths; help you to develop new views and skills and then organize them into a plan that works in obtaining your goals. As a psychotherapy group practice, we can see just about anyone no matter what you're dealing with.
(954) 280-1974 View (954) 280-1974
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fort Lauderdale, FL

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fort Lauderdale, FL who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
74% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
64% Relationship Issues
62% Trauma and PTSD
58% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
83% Cigna and Evernorth
82% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Fort Lauderdale, FL see their clients

54% Online Only
46% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fort Lauderdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.