Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

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Photo of Kimberly Matoka, MC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kimberly Matoka
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Taking the first step in counseling can be the most difficult one. I am committed to meeting each individual, couple, or family as unique and with their own journey in the present, from the past, and for the future. I offer a Christian focus to counseling for those who desire this. I am committed to providing a safe environment where clients can experience the freedom to explore their own beliefs and make their own choices regarding life and relationships. Every client, couple, or family brings their own perspective(s), and I look forward to getting to know each individual or system.
Taking the first step in counseling can be the most difficult one. I am committed to meeting each individual, couple, or family as unique and with their own journey in the present, from the past, and for the future. I offer a Christian focus to counseling for those who desire this. I am committed to providing a safe environment where clients can experience the freedom to explore their own beliefs and make their own choices regarding life and relationships. Every client, couple, or family brings their own perspective(s), and I look forward to getting to know each individual or system.
(480) 712-4225 View (480) 712-4225
Photo of Megan Harrison, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Megan Harrison
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am committed to helping you develop the relational skills and strategies needed to build and maintain positive, meaningful, and healthy relationships. I truly believe in finding what inspires you and using this to guide the process of healing and healthy living. Through my 10 years of counseling experience, I have had the amazing opportunity to work with families from all over the US and other countries. I hold a Master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy with significant experience working with family’s affected by transgenerational trauma, mental illness, and pervasive unhealthy patterns that stifle relational connections.
I am committed to helping you develop the relational skills and strategies needed to build and maintain positive, meaningful, and healthy relationships. I truly believe in finding what inspires you and using this to guide the process of healing and healthy living. Through my 10 years of counseling experience, I have had the amazing opportunity to work with families from all over the US and other countries. I hold a Master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy with significant experience working with family’s affected by transgenerational trauma, mental illness, and pervasive unhealthy patterns that stifle relational connections.
(480) 530-8487 View (480) 530-8487
Photo of Shelby Rouse, LPC, EMDR , DBT, Counselor
Shelby Rouse
Counselor, LPC, EMDR , DBT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Hi! My name is Shelby Rouse, LPC, Certified Clinical Trauma Specialist. I am currently accepting new clients. I have experience with children and play therapy. I am also EMDR trained and trauma informed. I have experience in the behavioral health field and specialized in Applied Behavior Analytics with children, adolescents, and young adults on the Autism Spectrum. A solid therapeutic alliance is one of the most important factors in counseling and with the art of listening and collaboratively designing your treatment plan, I look forward to to building one with you.
Hi! My name is Shelby Rouse, LPC, Certified Clinical Trauma Specialist. I am currently accepting new clients. I have experience with children and play therapy. I am also EMDR trained and trauma informed. I have experience in the behavioral health field and specialized in Applied Behavior Analytics with children, adolescents, and young adults on the Autism Spectrum. A solid therapeutic alliance is one of the most important factors in counseling and with the art of listening and collaboratively designing your treatment plan, I look forward to to building one with you.
(480) 245-5573 View (480) 245-5573
Photo of Janet Ellis, CLC
Janet Ellis
CLC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Transformational Life Coach, Life coaching, Hypnotherapy, and EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) are some of the best tools you can use to accomplish a healthy understanding of yourself and bring about change that enhances the potential for success and happiness. Hypnotherapy is a dynamic tool that offers the opportunity to create a healthy balance of mind, body and spirit. Through the process of relaxation you increase your awareness, allowing you to bring clarity and solutions to your own unique situations.
Transformational Life Coach, Life coaching, Hypnotherapy, and EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) are some of the best tools you can use to accomplish a healthy understanding of yourself and bring about change that enhances the potential for success and happiness. Hypnotherapy is a dynamic tool that offers the opportunity to create a healthy balance of mind, body and spirit. Through the process of relaxation you increase your awareness, allowing you to bring clarity and solutions to your own unique situations.
(520) 226-4473 View (520) 226-4473
Photo of Jennifer Lynn Denkers, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Lynn Denkers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I enjoy working with a wide variety of clients, particularly those suffering from a history of trauma, self-defeating behaviors, and problem with interpersonal relationships. I believe in empowering clients in a safe, nurturing environment with a collaborative approach that is individualized to meet your needs. I practice with acceptance and no judgement to guide you toward building a meaningful life in service of your values, and I value being able to be a part of that process.
I enjoy working with a wide variety of clients, particularly those suffering from a history of trauma, self-defeating behaviors, and problem with interpersonal relationships. I believe in empowering clients in a safe, nurturing environment with a collaborative approach that is individualized to meet your needs. I practice with acceptance and no judgement to guide you toward building a meaningful life in service of your values, and I value being able to be a part of that process.
(480) 531-7795 View (480) 531-7795
Photo of Dr. Sherry W Harrison, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Sherry W Harrison
Psychologist, PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
My office is my home away from home so I have created a safe and comfortable space for us to work together. You'll be greeted with soft music, chilled beverages and a relaxing atmosphere. Our first contact will be by phone and we'll discuss your needs to determine if I am able to help you with the specialties I offer. When we meet, we'll identify the circumstances or symptoms that currently prevent you from living as fully as you would like. I see us working as a team and I welcome your feedback throughout our time together.
My office is my home away from home so I have created a safe and comfortable space for us to work together. You'll be greeted with soft music, chilled beverages and a relaxing atmosphere. Our first contact will be by phone and we'll discuss your needs to determine if I am able to help you with the specialties I offer. When we meet, we'll identify the circumstances or symptoms that currently prevent you from living as fully as you would like. I see us working as a team and I welcome your feedback throughout our time together.
(480) 418-9582 View (480) 418-9582
Photo of Dr. Anne McGill, PsyD, MPA, Psychologist
Dr. Anne McGill
Psychologist, PsyD, MPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Waitlist for new clients
Most people are unsure of what they can do to improve their lives or work through stress, sadness, nervousness or change. Although transitions in life are constant and real, growth and improved lifestyle, relationships and overall satisfaction are possible. Dealing constantly with racing thoughts, nervousness or feeling fidgety, hopeless or depressed is time consuming and you deserve better. Do you want to express yourself more confidently, connect with others and have a better future outlook?
Most people are unsure of what they can do to improve their lives or work through stress, sadness, nervousness or change. Although transitions in life are constant and real, growth and improved lifestyle, relationships and overall satisfaction are possible. Dealing constantly with racing thoughts, nervousness or feeling fidgety, hopeless or depressed is time consuming and you deserve better. Do you want to express yourself more confidently, connect with others and have a better future outlook?
(480) 712-4168 View (480) 712-4168
Photo of Courtney James-Atkins, Pre-Licensed Professional
Courtney James-Atkins
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
I am accepting new clients. Courtney James-Atkins is a dedicated graduate student at Midwestern University. My ideal client is someone facing significant life challenges, such as trauma, family conflict, or identity issues. They might struggle with emotional regulation, forming healthy attachments, or navigating complex social environments. These individuals often come from diverse backgrounds and may have experienced systemic disadvantages or personal adversities that have impacted their sense of self and their relationships.
I am accepting new clients. Courtney James-Atkins is a dedicated graduate student at Midwestern University. My ideal client is someone facing significant life challenges, such as trauma, family conflict, or identity issues. They might struggle with emotional regulation, forming healthy attachments, or navigating complex social environments. These individuals often come from diverse backgrounds and may have experienced systemic disadvantages or personal adversities that have impacted their sense of self and their relationships.
(623) 280-0892 View (623) 280-0892
Photo of Heather Hillenbrand, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Heather Hillenbrand
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85253
As a Sex and Relationship Therapist, I believe it is each person's birthright to have the knowledge, understanding, and support to achieve freedom of sexual expression. By offering a safe, collaborative, welcoming space, I provide support to individuals, couples, and relationships of all types for challenges within the area of sexuality. I provide a sex-positive therapy room affirming all sexual orientations and relationship types.
As a Sex and Relationship Therapist, I believe it is each person's birthright to have the knowledge, understanding, and support to achieve freedom of sexual expression. By offering a safe, collaborative, welcoming space, I provide support to individuals, couples, and relationships of all types for challenges within the area of sexuality. I provide a sex-positive therapy room affirming all sexual orientations and relationship types.
(480) 637-2185 View (480) 637-2185
Photo of Camille Steffen, LCSW, MA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Camille Steffen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
Camille Steffen is licensed in the state of Illinois and Arizona as a Clinical Social Worker. As a clinician Camille primarily works with guests on managing anxiety, depression, and adjustment to life changes. Additional areas of experience include mood disorders, identity related issues, low self esteem, and interpersonal relationship issues. Additionally, individuals who are looking to process a traumatic event and develop tools for regulation after a trauma will find her style to be reassuring.
Camille Steffen is licensed in the state of Illinois and Arizona as a Clinical Social Worker. As a clinician Camille primarily works with guests on managing anxiety, depression, and adjustment to life changes. Additional areas of experience include mood disorders, identity related issues, low self esteem, and interpersonal relationship issues. Additionally, individuals who are looking to process a traumatic event and develop tools for regulation after a trauma will find her style to be reassuring.
(872) 704-8499 View (872) 704-8499
Photo of Brough Stewart, MC, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brough Stewart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
I am dedicated to providing care at the highest level to you and your loved ones. Struggling with trauma, behavior issues or addictions is not uncommon and a very treatable situation, so I want to help you reach your potential. In many cases, therapy can be a short-term process depending on the situation. We can assess your needs and decide what is the best course of treatment. Therapy is your process and tailored towards what is most effective and helpful for you.
I am dedicated to providing care at the highest level to you and your loved ones. Struggling with trauma, behavior issues or addictions is not uncommon and a very treatable situation, so I want to help you reach your potential. In many cases, therapy can be a short-term process depending on the situation. We can assess your needs and decide what is the best course of treatment. Therapy is your process and tailored towards what is most effective and helpful for you.
(602) 483-4743 View (602) 483-4743
Photo of Kristina Marchese, MS, LAC, LPCA, Counselor
Kristina Marchese
Counselor, MS, LAC, LPCA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Experiencing trauma can often create a response similar to a pebble thrown into a still pond. The incident may seem small at first, but the ripples swell out and disrupt your sense of control and balance. If you have experienced Anxiety/Depression, Sexual Assault, PTSD or other negative experiences, you most likely are familiar with the rippling effects of distressed feelings, amplifying intrusive thoughts as well as emotions of anger, pain, sadness, despair and more. Distressing and unpredictable emotions, flashbacks, and even physical ailments can interrupt your relationships, education, career, finances or more.
Experiencing trauma can often create a response similar to a pebble thrown into a still pond. The incident may seem small at first, but the ripples swell out and disrupt your sense of control and balance. If you have experienced Anxiety/Depression, Sexual Assault, PTSD or other negative experiences, you most likely are familiar with the rippling effects of distressed feelings, amplifying intrusive thoughts as well as emotions of anger, pain, sadness, despair and more. Distressing and unpredictable emotions, flashbacks, and even physical ailments can interrupt your relationships, education, career, finances or more.
(480) 613-9105 View (480) 613-9105
Photo of Sandra Naylor, LMSW, MSIMC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sandra Naylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MSIMC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
As a Gerontologist, I specialize in issues regarding the aging process. I help older individuals and families adjust to life changes including: adapting to retirement communities, assisted living or long-term care facilities, chronic illnesses, Parkinson's, Alzheimer’s/dementia, and terminal illnesses. Working collaboratively, I problem-solve with individuals and families who may be struggling with difficult life transitions.Together, we work on addressing the emotional distress, anxiety and complicated family relationships surrounding helping aging loved ones, and facing challenges encountered in the decision-making process.
As a Gerontologist, I specialize in issues regarding the aging process. I help older individuals and families adjust to life changes including: adapting to retirement communities, assisted living or long-term care facilities, chronic illnesses, Parkinson's, Alzheimer’s/dementia, and terminal illnesses. Working collaboratively, I problem-solve with individuals and families who may be struggling with difficult life transitions.Together, we work on addressing the emotional distress, anxiety and complicated family relationships surrounding helping aging loved ones, and facing challenges encountered in the decision-making process.
(480) 360-4942 View (480) 360-4942
Photo of Sanford J Silverman - Ctr For Attention Deficit and Learning Disorders, PhD, Psychologist
Ctr For Attention Deficit and Learning Disorders
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Led by Dr. Sanford J. Silverman, The Center for Attention Deficit and Learning Disorders combines science, technology and clinical psychological expertise for state-of-the-art assessment and treatment of ADD/ADHD, learning disorders, autism, anxiety, depression, plus other emotional and behavioral disorders. Our neurofeedback programs and other treatment techniques also work as alternatives or supplements to medication for ADD and other disorders, resulting in more thorough and long-term results.
Led by Dr. Sanford J. Silverman, The Center for Attention Deficit and Learning Disorders combines science, technology and clinical psychological expertise for state-of-the-art assessment and treatment of ADD/ADHD, learning disorders, autism, anxiety, depression, plus other emotional and behavioral disorders. Our neurofeedback programs and other treatment techniques also work as alternatives or supplements to medication for ADD and other disorders, resulting in more thorough and long-term results.
(480) 725-3414 View (480) 725-3414
Photo of Brielle McCall Piper, MAPC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brielle McCall Piper
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I specialize in traumatic loss, bereavement, adult relationship therapy and fertility issues. My practice focus is on individuals, couples and families dealing with depression, anxiety, anger, frustration around grief or loss. Whether resulting from relationship issues or infertility.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I specialize in traumatic loss, bereavement, adult relationship therapy and fertility issues. My practice focus is on individuals, couples and families dealing with depression, anxiety, anger, frustration around grief or loss. Whether resulting from relationship issues or infertility.
(480) 725-3724 View (480) 725-3724
Lynn Terry Stoffers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
I am an experienced and committed licensed professional counselor with a diverse and rewarding background. I am committed to helping others find solutions to difficult life circumstances through compassion, respect and with dignity. I am committed to utilizing individual strengths and resources in accommodating personal needs. I use a variety of treatment approaches and enjoy working with my clients so they can achieve their desired goals. I work collaboratively with my clients toward attaining a sense of emotional and behavioral well-being. I truly believe that through the strength of the human spirit, people have the capacity for change.
I am an experienced and committed licensed professional counselor with a diverse and rewarding background. I am committed to helping others find solutions to difficult life circumstances through compassion, respect and with dignity. I am committed to utilizing individual strengths and resources in accommodating personal needs. I use a variety of treatment approaches and enjoy working with my clients so they can achieve their desired goals. I work collaboratively with my clients toward attaining a sense of emotional and behavioral well-being. I truly believe that through the strength of the human spirit, people have the capacity for change.
(602) 207-8416 View (602) 207-8416
Photo of Dani Godfredsen - Dr. Dani's Therapy and Psychological Services, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Dani's Therapy and Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Dr. Dani's Therapy and Psychological Services, LLC provides individual, group, family and couple's therapy, as well as psychological evaluations. We have experience working alongside a diverse range of professionals representing the fields of psychiatry, nursing, psychology, substance abuse and education. We have several clinicians in our office from graduate students ($65), licensed associates ($130), and psychologist ($200).
Dr. Dani's Therapy and Psychological Services, LLC provides individual, group, family and couple's therapy, as well as psychological evaluations. We have experience working alongside a diverse range of professionals representing the fields of psychiatry, nursing, psychology, substance abuse and education. We have several clinicians in our office from graduate students ($65), licensed associates ($130), and psychologist ($200).
(520) 619-7581 View (520) 619-7581
Photo of Cynthia Ramos, LPC, NCC, CCTS-I, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cynthia Ramos
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTS-I
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254  (Online Only)
Welcome, I'm delighted that you've embarked on this journey of self-discovery, growth, and healing. I would be honored to provide you with a safe space to work towards your healing and transformation. As a Latinx therapist, I am passionate about serving the Spanish-speaking community and helping to lessen the stigma of accessing mental health services. I am equally as passionate about working with children, teens, and their families so that they may overcome any challenges they are facing. I have experience working with children, adolescents, adults and families using a variety of evidence-based methods that are tailored to you.
Welcome, I'm delighted that you've embarked on this journey of self-discovery, growth, and healing. I would be honored to provide you with a safe space to work towards your healing and transformation. As a Latinx therapist, I am passionate about serving the Spanish-speaking community and helping to lessen the stigma of accessing mental health services. I am equally as passionate about working with children, teens, and their families so that they may overcome any challenges they are facing. I have experience working with children, adolescents, adults and families using a variety of evidence-based methods that are tailored to you.
(623) 288-0419 View (623) 288-0419
Photo of Clint Cooper, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Clint Cooper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Reaching out can be the hardest step in making a change, but you are not alone. Times in our lives can be painful, confusing, and difficult to navigate, which can leave us feeling conflicted, anxious, grieving, and having an overwhelming sense of being stuck. Know there is hope. I will journey with you to help find relief from inner turmoil while also incorporating practical solutions. Being trained as an MFT and EMDR Therapist equips me to address emotional distress, PTSD, trauma, stress, anxiety, relationships, and couples issues, among others with clients from all backgrounds to provide individualized care.
Reaching out can be the hardest step in making a change, but you are not alone. Times in our lives can be painful, confusing, and difficult to navigate, which can leave us feeling conflicted, anxious, grieving, and having an overwhelming sense of being stuck. Know there is hope. I will journey with you to help find relief from inner turmoil while also incorporating practical solutions. Being trained as an MFT and EMDR Therapist equips me to address emotional distress, PTSD, trauma, stress, anxiety, relationships, and couples issues, among others with clients from all backgrounds to provide individualized care.
(623) 299-2439 View (623) 299-2439
Photo of Jacci Caplin, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jacci Caplin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258  (Online Only)
THE CHOICE... One of my clients said that she wished that choosing a therapist was like finding a new puppy. You get a sense of the breeding, temperament and capability and then you know from a heartfelt connection that you have the right one. Here you must decide from an exhaustive list of similar sounding credentials. So what I want to offer is some background and then hopefully you can have the experience she wished for everyone.
THE CHOICE... One of my clients said that she wished that choosing a therapist was like finding a new puppy. You get a sense of the breeding, temperament and capability and then you know from a heartfelt connection that you have the right one. Here you must decide from an exhaustive list of similar sounding credentials. So what I want to offer is some background and then hopefully you can have the experience she wished for everyone.
(480) 530-6909 View (480) 530-6909
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
66% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scottsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.