Therapists in New York, NY

View neighborhoods in New York
Photo of Ayelet Boussi, PhD, Psychologist
Ayelet Boussi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Many of us find we need extra support from time to time. I have a particular interest in helping women transform their relationships, manage their moods effectively, and navigate life's stressors. I also have expertise in treating the anxiety, depression, and reproductive-related mood disorders that many women experience as they maneuver through life transitions. My approach is active, collaborative, empathetic, and non-judgmental; we will operate as a team!
Many of us find we need extra support from time to time. I have a particular interest in helping women transform their relationships, manage their moods effectively, and navigate life's stressors. I also have expertise in treating the anxiety, depression, and reproductive-related mood disorders that many women experience as they maneuver through life transitions. My approach is active, collaborative, empathetic, and non-judgmental; we will operate as a team!
(646) 846-9371 View (646) 846-9371
Photo of Ana Deschamps-Arroyo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ana Deschamps-Arroyo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New York, NY 10031  (Online Only)
Are you a caregiver for a loved one and feel you need an outlet? or are you in a relationship and may feel stuck? Or maybe, you just need a safe space to gather your thoughts and share your feelings about work, kids, family, grief and loss… Let me use my extensive years of experience in this field work for you. Life is all about transitions and I’m here to help you learn, grow and adapt on your journey, at YOUR pace. Let me partner with you to find a path back to your best self or forward to your new normal.
Are you a caregiver for a loved one and feel you need an outlet? or are you in a relationship and may feel stuck? Or maybe, you just need a safe space to gather your thoughts and share your feelings about work, kids, family, grief and loss… Let me use my extensive years of experience in this field work for you. Life is all about transitions and I’m here to help you learn, grow and adapt on your journey, at YOUR pace. Let me partner with you to find a path back to your best self or forward to your new normal.
(646) 736-6519 View (646) 736-6519
Photo of Arielle Ray, LMSW
Arielle Ray
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
With a background in education and social work, Arielle is well-equipped to provide her patients with both practical tools and techniques as well as a healing relationship and emotional support. She draws on various modalities, including psychodynamic psychotherapy, CBT, DBT and AEDP, to meet the unique needs of her patients and to help them progress toward their goals. Arielle’s prior experience includes working at the Lenox Hill Hospital Outpatient Center for Mental Health and in the New York City public school system.
With a background in education and social work, Arielle is well-equipped to provide her patients with both practical tools and techniques as well as a healing relationship and emotional support. She draws on various modalities, including psychodynamic psychotherapy, CBT, DBT and AEDP, to meet the unique needs of her patients and to help them progress toward their goals. Arielle’s prior experience includes working at the Lenox Hill Hospital Outpatient Center for Mental Health and in the New York City public school system.
(646) 681-4370 View (646) 681-4370
Photo of Romona Mukherjee, LMHC, CYT, Counselor
Romona Mukherjee
Counselor, LMHC, CYT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
What is it that is so frightening about being vulnerable? Life experience, relationships, trauma, and loss often force us to harden, to protect ourselves, and to be anything BUT vulnerable. In doing so, we become disconnected from ourselves and from those around us which takes the form of anxiety, depression, body pain, and an overall feeling of dissatisfaction. In therapy, we work together to explore all of those dimensions in life that have impacted you and through the process, you find release. You chime into acceptance, peace, and the infinite strength of your authentic self.
What is it that is so frightening about being vulnerable? Life experience, relationships, trauma, and loss often force us to harden, to protect ourselves, and to be anything BUT vulnerable. In doing so, we become disconnected from ourselves and from those around us which takes the form of anxiety, depression, body pain, and an overall feeling of dissatisfaction. In therapy, we work together to explore all of those dimensions in life that have impacted you and through the process, you find release. You chime into acceptance, peace, and the infinite strength of your authentic self.
(720) 466-2913 View (720) 466-2913
Photo of Dan Guerra, PsyD, Psychologist
Dan Guerra
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Waitlist for new clients
Psychotherapy is not limited to exploring your past, but can also focus on discovering solutions for the present. I have over 18 years experience working with young and mature adults to overcome obstacles to their wellness and mental health. I help clients to identify and leverage their strengths and resources to resolve recurring difficulties and problems that they encounter. The psychotherapy process is one of both exploration, expert guidance, relational, and discovering that which may not be visible or understood on one's own, so that the individual may be better equipped for having holistic health.
Psychotherapy is not limited to exploring your past, but can also focus on discovering solutions for the present. I have over 18 years experience working with young and mature adults to overcome obstacles to their wellness and mental health. I help clients to identify and leverage their strengths and resources to resolve recurring difficulties and problems that they encounter. The psychotherapy process is one of both exploration, expert guidance, relational, and discovering that which may not be visible or understood on one's own, so that the individual may be better equipped for having holistic health.
(917) 725-3009 View (917) 725-3009
Photo of Jessica January Behr, PsyD, Psychologist
Jessica January Behr
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Most people seek therapy when they are unhappy with one or more aspects of their lives. Whether you are struggling with work, love, family or self – you might be wondering, what will really help? I believe that understanding yourself is a great gift and a power. We as people are complicated beings. It takes effort and focused attention to parse out our complexity. It takes will and bravery to face ourselves; our lives, our pasts, presents and futures. It also takes intention to appreciate our strengths and recognize the areas that need strengthening.
Most people seek therapy when they are unhappy with one or more aspects of their lives. Whether you are struggling with work, love, family or self – you might be wondering, what will really help? I believe that understanding yourself is a great gift and a power. We as people are complicated beings. It takes effort and focused attention to parse out our complexity. It takes will and bravery to face ourselves; our lives, our pasts, presents and futures. It also takes intention to appreciate our strengths and recognize the areas that need strengthening.
(646) 693-0338 View (646) 693-0338
Photo of Justine Duhr, MFA, LP, NCPsyA, Licensed Psychoanalyst
Justine Duhr
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MFA, LP, NCPsyA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
I'm a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst specializing in anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. Before I became a therapist, I worked as a freelance writer, editor, and writing coach. The most fulfilling part of that work for me was helping writers overcome personal obstacles in order to accomplish their goals. Now, as a relational analyst, I have the privilege of helping many different kinds of people find themselves at some of the hardest times in their lives.
I'm a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst specializing in anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. Before I became a therapist, I worked as a freelance writer, editor, and writing coach. The most fulfilling part of that work for me was helping writers overcome personal obstacles in order to accomplish their goals. Now, as a relational analyst, I have the privilege of helping many different kinds of people find themselves at some of the hardest times in their lives.
(646) 760-6591 View (646) 760-6591
Photo of Alyssa Fradenburg, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alyssa Fradenburg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10014
I will provide you with presence, openness and a genuine commitment to healing. If you are reading this you may be considering facing a problem in your life. This takes courage and a willingness to face something that is real and present. I have been most drawn to the view that we are shaped by our unconscious being and the decisions we make are greatly influenced by things we are not even aware of. Knowing this can help us be gentle and kind with ourselves as we approach the therapeutic process.
I will provide you with presence, openness and a genuine commitment to healing. If you are reading this you may be considering facing a problem in your life. This takes courage and a willingness to face something that is real and present. I have been most drawn to the view that we are shaped by our unconscious being and the decisions we make are greatly influenced by things we are not even aware of. Knowing this can help us be gentle and kind with ourselves as we approach the therapeutic process.
(347) 826-0859 View (347) 826-0859
Photo of Adelyn Melnikoff, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adelyn Melnikoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10014
Adelyn is a seasoned therapist dedicated to guiding individuals toward a life of fulfillment, purpose, and personal growth. Specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adelyn brings extensive experience from working in Mt. Sinai Hospital system’s top CBT and therapy programs. She has treated a diverse set of adult clients across all life stages, navigating a wide range of psychiatric and medical challenges in both outpatient and inpatient settings. She specializes in trauma- and stressor-related disorders, anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, executive functioning, and the intersection of medical conditions and mental health.
Adelyn is a seasoned therapist dedicated to guiding individuals toward a life of fulfillment, purpose, and personal growth. Specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adelyn brings extensive experience from working in Mt. Sinai Hospital system’s top CBT and therapy programs. She has treated a diverse set of adult clients across all life stages, navigating a wide range of psychiatric and medical challenges in both outpatient and inpatient settings. She specializes in trauma- and stressor-related disorders, anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, executive functioning, and the intersection of medical conditions and mental health.
View
Photo of Daya Lynch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daya Lynch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10034  (Online Only)
The challenge of overcoming a personal trauma may seem overwhelming in itself; The additional burden of navigating a chaotic and sometimes harsh world may make healing feel impossible. I understand the importance of addressing the intersection of both the person and environment. As a queer, non-binary, first-generation Latinx therapist, I bring a compassionate and affirming approach to our therapeutic journey. I approach therapy with humor and kindness, honoring and empowering your voice, while gently challenging any patterns you may be stuck in.
The challenge of overcoming a personal trauma may seem overwhelming in itself; The additional burden of navigating a chaotic and sometimes harsh world may make healing feel impossible. I understand the importance of addressing the intersection of both the person and environment. As a queer, non-binary, first-generation Latinx therapist, I bring a compassionate and affirming approach to our therapeutic journey. I approach therapy with humor and kindness, honoring and empowering your voice, while gently challenging any patterns you may be stuck in.
(646) 759-1840 View (646) 759-1840
Photo of Danielle Luz Matias, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
Danielle Luz Matias
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10065
The goal of my practice is to improve the quality of life of my clients and assist them reach their full potential and personal goals. Specializing in family and couple therapy. I also specialize in depression and anxiety. The ideal client will be dedicated to their own treatment and have a strong desire to feel better. Together with my client we work as a team to achieve the therapeutic goals and make life worth living and enjoying. I have been working in mental health for over a decade and it's my greatest passion in lifeI work to improve the life of my clients daily and I am very successful at achieving therapeutic goals.
The goal of my practice is to improve the quality of life of my clients and assist them reach their full potential and personal goals. Specializing in family and couple therapy. I also specialize in depression and anxiety. The ideal client will be dedicated to their own treatment and have a strong desire to feel better. Together with my client we work as a team to achieve the therapeutic goals and make life worth living and enjoying. I have been working in mental health for over a decade and it's my greatest passion in lifeI work to improve the life of my clients daily and I am very successful at achieving therapeutic goals.
(646) 204-2295 View (646) 204-2295
Photo of Lorraine B Cates, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lorraine B Cates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
I have over 20 years of psychoanalytic and psychotherapeutic experience in helping individuals and couples improve self-esteem, relationship, and work-related issues that lead to personal change. If you are battling anxiety, depression, or simply overwhelmed, helping you spell out what you feel can make a huge difference. Sometimes the words to describe your feelings are not there. Just finding a way to express what you feel and want can be restorative. I can help you find the words to articulate your needs, clarify your dilemmas, and, in so doing, clear the roadblocks that get in the way of reaching your full potential.
I have over 20 years of psychoanalytic and psychotherapeutic experience in helping individuals and couples improve self-esteem, relationship, and work-related issues that lead to personal change. If you are battling anxiety, depression, or simply overwhelmed, helping you spell out what you feel can make a huge difference. Sometimes the words to describe your feelings are not there. Just finding a way to express what you feel and want can be restorative. I can help you find the words to articulate your needs, clarify your dilemmas, and, in so doing, clear the roadblocks that get in the way of reaching your full potential.
(646) 783-1427 View (646) 783-1427
Photo of Shaynel Roberts, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shaynel Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
Hey! I'm Shay and I am a licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in New York and I specialize in anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. I was born and raised in NYC. I serve individuals and couples between the ages of 18-60 who struggle with communication skills, boundary settings, family and relationship challenges among other challenges who are ready and willing to begin their healing journey.
Hey! I'm Shay and I am a licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in New York and I specialize in anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. I was born and raised in NYC. I serve individuals and couples between the ages of 18-60 who struggle with communication skills, boundary settings, family and relationship challenges among other challenges who are ready and willing to begin their healing journey.
(332) 378-0392 View (332) 378-0392
Michael P Noth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, CASAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017
Perhaps you're consuming drugs/alcohol at an increasing level, and you've tried but can't stop; Or perhaps you're existentially lost, scared, adrift and rudderless; Or you're haunted by a trauma that will not release its grip on your mind..? I offer a compassionate, supportive and direct approach and skills to help you find and achieve your goals in life. If you're ready to explore the underlying negative beliefs that weigh you down and fuel chronic negative thoughts and behaviors then call me. We will work together to rediscover your authentic self, that person you somehow left behind and who is waiting for you to come back.
Perhaps you're consuming drugs/alcohol at an increasing level, and you've tried but can't stop; Or perhaps you're existentially lost, scared, adrift and rudderless; Or you're haunted by a trauma that will not release its grip on your mind..? I offer a compassionate, supportive and direct approach and skills to help you find and achieve your goals in life. If you're ready to explore the underlying negative beliefs that weigh you down and fuel chronic negative thoughts and behaviors then call me. We will work together to rediscover your authentic self, that person you somehow left behind and who is waiting for you to come back.
(917) 746-1981 View (917) 746-1981
Photo of Simone Hoermann, PhD, Psychologist
Simone Hoermann
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
I specialize in helping people with anxiety, depression, and overwhelming emotions. You might worry a lot or have uncomfortable physical symptoms of anxiety. Maybe you have a hard time making decisions, or are plagued by perfectionism. Perhaps you have social anxiety or low self-esteem. You might have intense fears or excessive checking behaviors. You may have difficulty sleeping. Maybe you feel blue or empty. You might be dealing with work stress, relationship problems, a loss, breakup, or other life changes. Therapy can help you deal with these difficulties and can help you grow as a person.
I specialize in helping people with anxiety, depression, and overwhelming emotions. You might worry a lot or have uncomfortable physical symptoms of anxiety. Maybe you have a hard time making decisions, or are plagued by perfectionism. Perhaps you have social anxiety or low self-esteem. You might have intense fears or excessive checking behaviors. You may have difficulty sleeping. Maybe you feel blue or empty. You might be dealing with work stress, relationship problems, a loss, breakup, or other life changes. Therapy can help you deal with these difficulties and can help you grow as a person.
(917) 451-5546 View (917) 451-5546
Photo of Marilyn A. Powell, LMHC, CASAC-T, Counselor
Marilyn A. Powell
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC-T
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Mental health conditions and substance use problems affect people from all walks of life and all age groups. These conditions are common, recurrent, and often serious, but they are treatable and many people do recover and thrive. Changes in thinking, mood, and behavior affect how one relates to self, another and how choices are made. When experiencing on-going personal conflict, relationship issues, family troubles, depression, stress, anxiety, and or substance dependency to cope, many people turn to a therapist for help. Early intervention is important. I help clients achieve their goals.
Mental health conditions and substance use problems affect people from all walks of life and all age groups. These conditions are common, recurrent, and often serious, but they are treatable and many people do recover and thrive. Changes in thinking, mood, and behavior affect how one relates to self, another and how choices are made. When experiencing on-going personal conflict, relationship issues, family troubles, depression, stress, anxiety, and or substance dependency to cope, many people turn to a therapist for help. Early intervention is important. I help clients achieve their goals.
(646) 941-8749 View (646) 941-8749
Photo of Edgard Francisco Danielsen, PhD, LP, NCPsyA, FIPA, Licensed Psychoanalyst
Edgard Francisco Danielsen
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD, LP, NCPsyA, FIPA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
I lead a group of mental health providers with ample experience working with people from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, gender identities, sexual orientations, and family structures. We believe that "every difficulty in life presents us with an opportunity to turn inward and to invoke our own inner resources" (Epitectus).
I lead a group of mental health providers with ample experience working with people from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, gender identities, sexual orientations, and family structures. We believe that "every difficulty in life presents us with an opportunity to turn inward and to invoke our own inner resources" (Epitectus).
(908) 463-5989 View (908) 463-5989
Photo of Tuba Tokgoz, PhD, FIPA, Licensed Psychoanalyst
Tuba Tokgoz
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD, FIPA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
Most of us don't welcome difficult emotions; we try to disregard them, because we perceive them as our enemy. In fact, all of our emotions are signals that inform us about ourselves and the world around us, if we can learn to listen to them. When we accept all sides of ourselves and all of our feelings without discriminating against the negative ones, we are able to feel emotionally alive and connected. Psychological suffering occurs not because of our painful emotions, but because we try to erase them, and don't know what to do with them.
Most of us don't welcome difficult emotions; we try to disregard them, because we perceive them as our enemy. In fact, all of our emotions are signals that inform us about ourselves and the world around us, if we can learn to listen to them. When we accept all sides of ourselves and all of our feelings without discriminating against the negative ones, we are able to feel emotionally alive and connected. Psychological suffering occurs not because of our painful emotions, but because we try to erase them, and don't know what to do with them.
(646) 576-7430 View (646) 576-7430
Photo of Angie Cohn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angie Cohn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
Let’s be curious about you, your life and your past. I work with empathy, attunement as well as humor. My training is psychoanalytic, relational and adjustable to your needs. I work in collaboration with you to build a therapeutic relationship based on trust, honesty, and openness. You are a unique individual and as you deeply understand yourself without judgement you will become more comfortable in the world.
Let’s be curious about you, your life and your past. I work with empathy, attunement as well as humor. My training is psychoanalytic, relational and adjustable to your needs. I work in collaboration with you to build a therapeutic relationship based on trust, honesty, and openness. You are a unique individual and as you deeply understand yourself without judgement you will become more comfortable in the world.
(646) 681-1493 View (646) 681-1493
Photo of Adam Stern, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adam Stern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Our species is unique: we’re storytellers. Some write novels or films, others are great raconteurs. But we all create stories about our lives, filtered through the lens of experience. These stories affect how we relate to others and the choices we make. At the core of my practice is the intention to help you recognize the stories you tell yourself. Through a collaborative process you’ll gain an understanding of why you create counter-productive or harmful narratives. Being able to identify these tendencies will enable you to change your perceptions of yourself and others and guide you to make more fulfilling choices.
Our species is unique: we’re storytellers. Some write novels or films, others are great raconteurs. But we all create stories about our lives, filtered through the lens of experience. These stories affect how we relate to others and the choices we make. At the core of my practice is the intention to help you recognize the stories you tell yourself. Through a collaborative process you’ll gain an understanding of why you create counter-productive or harmful narratives. Being able to identify these tendencies will enable you to change your perceptions of yourself and others and guide you to make more fulfilling choices.
(646) 461-4074 View (646) 461-4074

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
61% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.