Therapists in Blaine, MN
![Photo of Anna Burke, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5243526c-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
The foundation of my work is to build a trusting and responsive relationship. I work with people to identify their goals and priorities and offer support to enact change that is meaningful and fulfilling. My areas of interest include addressing depression and anxiety, as well as trauma and core beliefs that impact the present moment. I enjoy working with people who are going through significant life changes (education, career, relationship, life stage transitions). I also have a special interest in perinatal mental health.
The foundation of my work is to build a trusting and responsive relationship. I work with people to identify their goals and priorities and offer support to enact change that is meaningful and fulfilling. My areas of interest include addressing depression and anxiety, as well as trauma and core beliefs that impact the present moment. I enjoy working with people who are going through significant life changes (education, career, relationship, life stage transitions). I also have a special interest in perinatal mental health.
![Photo of Shawna M. Benson, PsyD, LP, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b0a7ad86-fff0-4655-8873-54acb466f9bb/1/320x400.jpeg)
I conduct Pre-Bariatric Surgery Psychological Evaluations and psychotherapy pre and post surgery as needed. I also help people with Pre-Adoption Psychological Evaluations prior to international adoption. Additionally, within a team assessment methodology approach, I provide psychological testing and evaluation along with my pre-licensed doctoral candidate colleagues under my supervision. We assess ADHD, Personality, Cognitive and Memory, Behavior, Trauma, Functional Assessments, and other evaluations (ages 8+ for testing).
I conduct Pre-Bariatric Surgery Psychological Evaluations and psychotherapy pre and post surgery as needed. I also help people with Pre-Adoption Psychological Evaluations prior to international adoption. Additionally, within a team assessment methodology approach, I provide psychological testing and evaluation along with my pre-licensed doctoral candidate colleagues under my supervision. We assess ADHD, Personality, Cognitive and Memory, Behavior, Trauma, Functional Assessments, and other evaluations (ages 8+ for testing).
![Photo of Amy L. Serna - Amy Serna, PsyD, CCW, PsyD, CCW, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c812b3b5-d48e-45a9-a302-3c4a034f3d5e/2/320x400.jpeg)
Amy Serna, PsyD, CCW
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD, CCW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Blaine, MN 55449
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel like you are having a difficult time with life's stressors, or are feeling overwhelmed? Do you feel as though you are constantly worrying and have a difficult time controlling it? Do you feel others do not hear what you are trying to say to them? Are there times when connecting or trusting others is hard? Many individuals have these experiences, and it is important to know you are not alone. I am here to provide the support you need to get through the difficulties in life. I am accepting clients in Minnesota from age eight through adulthood for individual, couples, and family in-person or Telehealth therapy.
Do you feel like you are having a difficult time with life's stressors, or are feeling overwhelmed? Do you feel as though you are constantly worrying and have a difficult time controlling it? Do you feel others do not hear what you are trying to say to them? Are there times when connecting or trusting others is hard? Many individuals have these experiences, and it is important to know you are not alone. I am here to provide the support you need to get through the difficulties in life. I am accepting clients in Minnesota from age eight through adulthood for individual, couples, and family in-person or Telehealth therapy.
![Photo of Amber D. Langford, MS, LMFT, LCPC, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d059ebcd-e7b8-4900-9f24-68aced36c2b3/1/320x400.png)
Amber D. Langford
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Blaine, MN 55449
Waitlist for new clients
You thought life was going to be more than this. More peaceful, more joyful, more meaningful. You’ve been striving anxiously to make it better or perhaps feeling too depressed and burnt out to keep trying. Together, we can pinpoint the root causes of your anxiety or depression so you can get back to peacefully creating a life you love.
You thought life was going to be more than this. More peaceful, more joyful, more meaningful. You’ve been striving anxiously to make it better or perhaps feeling too depressed and burnt out to keep trying. Together, we can pinpoint the root causes of your anxiety or depression so you can get back to peacefully creating a life you love.
![Photo of Kimberly Stubblefield - Omni Mental Health, MA, LADC, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5c2b6358-6567-433b-a44d-1a7bb3f95250/2/320x400.jpeg)
Omni Mental Health
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Blaine, MN 55434
The decision to begin therapy can be difficult. My goal is to create a safe and brave space for clients to share problems and concerns that are affecting their daily functioning. Through a variety of interventions, I will assist you in resolving and/or managing the problems and stressors that are holding you back from living the life you want. I enjoy working with individuals, families and group therapy to resolve the issues that affect quality of life including Anxiety, Depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorders. My specialty is assisting individuals with developing healthy coping skills to manage co-occurring disorders.
The decision to begin therapy can be difficult. My goal is to create a safe and brave space for clients to share problems and concerns that are affecting their daily functioning. Through a variety of interventions, I will assist you in resolving and/or managing the problems and stressors that are holding you back from living the life you want. I enjoy working with individuals, families and group therapy to resolve the issues that affect quality of life including Anxiety, Depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorders. My specialty is assisting individuals with developing healthy coping skills to manage co-occurring disorders.
![Photo of Terry Riley, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fa4e6e87-f8de-478d-99e4-ecb8b34f1e62/3/320x400.jpeg)
Overwhelmed? Feeling distressed with worry, fear, sadness, despair, or a combination of difficult feelings? Relationship challenges? Parenting challenges? Terry is a family therapist who believes most people can manage their own lives, except for those few times when life throws a curveball, then we may have difficulty figuring how to handle that ball. We often find ourselves going in circles using old techniques. My desire and privilege is to come alongside you in your journey forward.
Overwhelmed? Feeling distressed with worry, fear, sadness, despair, or a combination of difficult feelings? Relationship challenges? Parenting challenges? Terry is a family therapist who believes most people can manage their own lives, except for those few times when life throws a curveball, then we may have difficulty figuring how to handle that ball. We often find ourselves going in circles using old techniques. My desire and privilege is to come alongside you in your journey forward.
![Photo of Ryan John Poeschl, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/757d4803-252f-4a89-a950-a94b8fc07e51/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am happy to serve any client at or above the age of 10. While I primarily work with kids, adolescents, and young adults, I am happy to serve any population seeking to fulfill their mental health needs!
I am happy to serve any client at or above the age of 10. While I primarily work with kids, adolescents, and young adults, I am happy to serve any population seeking to fulfill their mental health needs!
![Photo of Shawna Neumann, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d9e45ae5-5fca-4e1e-8f3f-73ba741b44e9/2/320x400.jpeg)
Immediate daytime openings! I'm a goal-oriented therapist that uses elements of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) skills, and mindfulness approaches. Clinical jargon aside, I will work with you on helping you figure out what isn’t working for you and how to use change to create a life you want to live. Right now, I have primarily adolescent clients, which means I know how to take sarcasm and give it back. Nevertheless, clients who work with me appreciate my joking and playful nature. I believe that with the right support, a little humor, and a strong connection, healing and change are possible.
Immediate daytime openings! I'm a goal-oriented therapist that uses elements of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) skills, and mindfulness approaches. Clinical jargon aside, I will work with you on helping you figure out what isn’t working for you and how to use change to create a life you want to live. Right now, I have primarily adolescent clients, which means I know how to take sarcasm and give it back. Nevertheless, clients who work with me appreciate my joking and playful nature. I believe that with the right support, a little humor, and a strong connection, healing and change are possible.
![Photo of Ashley Zech, MS, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/99e9e6b3-dede-45a1-a48c-0e230ed54ff2/1/320x400.jpeg)
As a therapist, I prioritize creating a safe and welcoming space where individuals feel heard and understood. I recognize that each person's journey is unique, so I meet my clients where they are and respect their pace of progress. I believe in the power of building trust and connection over time, understanding that it takes patience and commitment.
As a therapist, I prioritize creating a safe and welcoming space where individuals feel heard and understood. I recognize that each person's journey is unique, so I meet my clients where they are and respect their pace of progress. I believe in the power of building trust and connection over time, understanding that it takes patience and commitment.
![Photo of Caitlyn Schmit, MA LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/46b79316-2189-4c88-9e9d-02fbcf2ba895/2/320x400.jpeg)
Caitlyn Schmit
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
Verified Verified
Blaine, MN 55434 (Online Only)
Trying to understand the emotional complexity of one’s own brain can be tricky. I enjoy partnering with clients to navigate their emotions and life challenges. For the last nine years, I have been working with individuals, parents, and families from a variety of different backgrounds. My desire is to offer objective feedback and support as you and navigate and negotiate the many challenges life has to offer. I am especially passionate about integrating elements of spirituality into my work with clients and families.
Trying to understand the emotional complexity of one’s own brain can be tricky. I enjoy partnering with clients to navigate their emotions and life challenges. For the last nine years, I have been working with individuals, parents, and families from a variety of different backgrounds. My desire is to offer objective feedback and support as you and navigate and negotiate the many challenges life has to offer. I am especially passionate about integrating elements of spirituality into my work with clients and families.
![Photo of Kelly Rachu, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4178f306-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am passionate about self-empowerment and believe that relationships with self, significant other, family, and friends are important and interconnected. I approach therapy with a focus on mind-body wellness and work collaboratively with my clients. I provide a safe and compassionate environment where clients from all cultures and communities feel heard and understood.
I am passionate about self-empowerment and believe that relationships with self, significant other, family, and friends are important and interconnected. I approach therapy with a focus on mind-body wellness and work collaboratively with my clients. I provide a safe and compassionate environment where clients from all cultures and communities feel heard and understood.
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![Photo of Callie Steinberg, MS, LPCC, NCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b0d0c4b3-33de-426e-bc3d-e06b9aba4260/1/320x400.jpeg)
Is life overwhelming right now? Are you looking for support in overcoming difficult life situations, managing low self-esteem, or navigating the challenging terrain of anxiety or depression? Is your child struggling with emotional regulation or life changes? Do you find yourself hiding infidelity, seeking out anonymous partners, compulsively using pornography or struggling being open and honest in your relationships? I am a skilled and compassionate therapist; I am committed to offering a non-judgmental, safe, supportive and collaborative therapy environment.
Is life overwhelming right now? Are you looking for support in overcoming difficult life situations, managing low self-esteem, or navigating the challenging terrain of anxiety or depression? Is your child struggling with emotional regulation or life changes? Do you find yourself hiding infidelity, seeking out anonymous partners, compulsively using pornography or struggling being open and honest in your relationships? I am a skilled and compassionate therapist; I am committed to offering a non-judgmental, safe, supportive and collaborative therapy environment.
![Photo of Natalie A Larson, MA, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c9d3af1-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/4/320x400.jpeg)
My professional experiences have taught me that my passion is working with children and families. I have a wealth of knowledge in infant and child mental health. Also, I work with children who have trauma histories and the families that care for them. I have experience assisting with adoption issues, family work, anxiety, depression, PTSD, coping with life change, and child and adolescent mental health issues. Working collaboratively with parents is also an essential part of my therapy practice.
My professional experiences have taught me that my passion is working with children and families. I have a wealth of knowledge in infant and child mental health. Also, I work with children who have trauma histories and the families that care for them. I have experience assisting with adoption issues, family work, anxiety, depression, PTSD, coping with life change, and child and adolescent mental health issues. Working collaboratively with parents is also an essential part of my therapy practice.
![Photo of Courtney Gundrum, PsyD, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/71428c1f-50d7-42f7-95f5-5fed8578e5e7/1/320x400.jpeg)
Courtney Gundrum
Counselor, PsyD, LPCC
Verified Verified
Blaine, MN 55449 (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, I believe that authenticity and the therapeutic relationship are invaluable. I believe that therapy will not work if there is not a strong therapeutic alliance. I tend to be a laid back, compassionate clinician who values humor in session, but I am also not afraid to challenge you and be direct. I believe each individual is unique, therefore I do not believe there is one set way to do therapy. I value meeting individuals where they are at and learning about their strengths to help them in session. I work with adults ages 18+.
As a therapist, I believe that authenticity and the therapeutic relationship are invaluable. I believe that therapy will not work if there is not a strong therapeutic alliance. I tend to be a laid back, compassionate clinician who values humor in session, but I am also not afraid to challenge you and be direct. I believe each individual is unique, therefore I do not believe there is one set way to do therapy. I value meeting individuals where they are at and learning about their strengths to help them in session. I work with adults ages 18+.
![Photo of Raishma Majeed, MS, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b71d522e-f52a-4cb5-a28d-61975619c3e5/1/320x400.jpeg)
Raishma Majeed
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Blaine, MN 55434
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor with special interest and training working with individuals with histories of complex trauma and dissociation. As a queer clinician, I am also passionate about working with the LGBTQIA+ community. I recognize that we all hold various intersectionalities and identities that shape our life experiences and I strive to constantly challenge my own privileges (such as being biracial and white-passing) and personal experiences to hold space for all of my clients to live authentically in the therapeutic setting.
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor with special interest and training working with individuals with histories of complex trauma and dissociation. As a queer clinician, I am also passionate about working with the LGBTQIA+ community. I recognize that we all hold various intersectionalities and identities that shape our life experiences and I strive to constantly challenge my own privileges (such as being biracial and white-passing) and personal experiences to hold space for all of my clients to live authentically in the therapeutic setting.
![Photo of Christina Goodman, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e0bd2bfc-39aa-4010-b227-7b944da1e6c2/3/320x400.jpeg)
Christina Goodman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Blaine, MN 55434
Life is so unpredictable at times and we face situations or circumstances that are out of our control. As a therapist I am here to sit with you through the difficulty, rejoice with you in the happy moments, and push you to be the best you can when you don't feel like there is much more to give. I want my clients to always feel welcome, accepted and heard.
Life is so unpredictable at times and we face situations or circumstances that are out of our control. As a therapist I am here to sit with you through the difficulty, rejoice with you in the happy moments, and push you to be the best you can when you don't feel like there is much more to give. I want my clients to always feel welcome, accepted and heard.
![Photo of Amanda Nusbaum - Omni Mental Health, MA, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e69fecba-b8b6-411b-8684-b546b3fa1130/2/320x400.jpeg)
Omni Mental Health
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Blaine, MN 55434
Waitlist for new clients
As a mental health practitioner, I feel it is important to meet each person where they are and support them on their journey for change. Whether you are feeling anxious, depressed, stuck, hopeless, or all of the above, let's talk about it! In session, we will explore the values, beliefs, and personal expectations that impact how you interact with the world and determine the proper steps to improve your overall quality of life.
As a mental health practitioner, I feel it is important to meet each person where they are and support them on their journey for change. Whether you are feeling anxious, depressed, stuck, hopeless, or all of the above, let's talk about it! In session, we will explore the values, beliefs, and personal expectations that impact how you interact with the world and determine the proper steps to improve your overall quality of life.
![Photo of Alexandra Zickermann, MA, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5dce9c94-48f4-4cad-ba2e-21b92b7c6fa7/1/320x400.jpeg)
As a Neuro-Divergent therapist, my goal is by building trust and providing guidance and empathy, we will work together to conquer, defeat, and understand the challenges that are preventing your ability to live the life you deserve. I hold over 10 years of experience helping individuals manage their ADHD symptoms, anxiety, mood disorders, family and relationship conflicts, depression, processing their trauma, and co-dependency. Professionally and personally I know the challenges and beauty associated with hearing "Focus more" and "Just work harder". WE'LL focus more and work harder together to overcome your biggest challenges.
As a Neuro-Divergent therapist, my goal is by building trust and providing guidance and empathy, we will work together to conquer, defeat, and understand the challenges that are preventing your ability to live the life you deserve. I hold over 10 years of experience helping individuals manage their ADHD symptoms, anxiety, mood disorders, family and relationship conflicts, depression, processing their trauma, and co-dependency. Professionally and personally I know the challenges and beauty associated with hearing "Focus more" and "Just work harder". WE'LL focus more and work harder together to overcome your biggest challenges.
![Photo of Ben Coleman - Beacon Mental Health Counseling LLC, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a9b3a252-d67f-4d3f-b1de-2fa8f9c49d0c/1/320x400.png)
Beacon Mental Health Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Blaine, MN 55434
Beacon Mental Health Counseling offers outpatient mental health counseling for individuals, couples, and families. We work with a wide range of clients, including children (age 6 and up), teens, and adults. We are here to help with whatever goals you might be working towards in you journey towards mental wellness. We have experience working with a variety of presenting concerns, including anxiety, depression, trauma, personality disorders, parenting concerns, OCD, and more.
Beacon Mental Health Counseling offers outpatient mental health counseling for individuals, couples, and families. We work with a wide range of clients, including children (age 6 and up), teens, and adults. We are here to help with whatever goals you might be working towards in you journey towards mental wellness. We have experience working with a variety of presenting concerns, including anxiety, depression, trauma, personality disorders, parenting concerns, OCD, and more.
![Photo of Alex Aune, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/86398d04-b016-44b0-9258-86e7f94abcb9/2/320x400.jpeg)
I draw my practice from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Narrative Therapy, and Person-Centered Therapy. I have a passion working with adults who want to work on setting boundaries and identifying cycle’s in their life and relationships that they would like to change. I also work with adolescents down to the age of 13 years old and incorporate activities when needed. I believe that I can help my clients find answers within themselves and help them build strong self-worth.
I draw my practice from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Narrative Therapy, and Person-Centered Therapy. I have a passion working with adults who want to work on setting boundaries and identifying cycle’s in their life and relationships that they would like to change. I also work with adolescents down to the age of 13 years old and incorporate activities when needed. I believe that I can help my clients find answers within themselves and help them build strong self-worth.
See more therapy options for Blaine
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Blaine, MN
90+
Average cost per session
$150
Therapists in Blaine, MN who prioritize treating:
94% | Anxiety |
88% | Depression |
82% | Self Esteem |
79% | Relationship Issues |
77% | Coping Skills |
74% | Stress |
73% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
9 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
89% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
79% | Medica |
76% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in Blaine, MN see their clients
83% | In Person and Online | |
17% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
87% | Female | |
13% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Blaine?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.