Therapists in San Diego, CA

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Photo of Ashley Halverson, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashley Halverson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92127
Parenthood and family building is shown as this easy goal full of joy and magic, but your experience has been the exact opposite. You are surprised at how you feel: overwhelmed, anxious, angry, alone, devastated. You find yourself consumed with the “what ifs” and guilt. Scary thoughts come up and you feel a deep loss that is difficult to put to words. You wonder: Will you ever feel normal again? And what will normal even look like? In our work together, you can learn coping strategies, examine beliefs that leave us feeling stuck, process trauma, develop self compassion, and build confidence in your parenting abilities.
Parenthood and family building is shown as this easy goal full of joy and magic, but your experience has been the exact opposite. You are surprised at how you feel: overwhelmed, anxious, angry, alone, devastated. You find yourself consumed with the “what ifs” and guilt. Scary thoughts come up and you feel a deep loss that is difficult to put to words. You wonder: Will you ever feel normal again? And what will normal even look like? In our work together, you can learn coping strategies, examine beliefs that leave us feeling stuck, process trauma, develop self compassion, and build confidence in your parenting abilities.
(858) 683-6281 View (858) 683-6281
Photo of Amber McKinney-Morgan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amber McKinney-Morgan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92124  (Online Only)
We’re all doing the best we can with what we have to work with. Sometimes we can use some extra tools in our toolbox to support us in managing when life occurrences seem to pile up and we just need a break. Amber has experience in treating a range of symptoms, including those related to PTSD, anxiety and depression.
We’re all doing the best we can with what we have to work with. Sometimes we can use some extra tools in our toolbox to support us in managing when life occurrences seem to pile up and we just need a break. Amber has experience in treating a range of symptoms, including those related to PTSD, anxiety and depression.
(619) 724-4706 View (619) 724-4706
Photo of Merav Segall, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Merav Segall
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
Do you and your child struggle to get through the day? Are you frustrated with your child's behavior and just do not know how to get him to listen? Are you and your teenager on different pages and just cannot connect? Has your child experienced a trauma, death or divorce? My approach to helping you and your child is warm and collaborative. I focus on developing a relationship; seeing your child, understanding him and providing space for her to explore and express. My goal in working with families is to bring joy into parenting.
Do you and your child struggle to get through the day? Are you frustrated with your child's behavior and just do not know how to get him to listen? Are you and your teenager on different pages and just cannot connect? Has your child experienced a trauma, death or divorce? My approach to helping you and your child is warm and collaborative. I focus on developing a relationship; seeing your child, understanding him and providing space for her to explore and express. My goal in working with families is to bring joy into parenting.
(619) 340-1019 View (619) 340-1019
Photo of Christy A. George, LMFT, SEP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christy A. George
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92127
Are you a highly intelligent individual struggling with stress, anxiety, past trauma, or difficulties connecting with others? With 15 years of experience, I specialize in working with gifted and twice-exceptional (2E) children, teens, and adults who face unique challenges in life and relationships. I am dedicated to helping you or your child navigate existential crises, smoothly transition through tough life changes, and build lasting confidence. My clients are typically individuals with intense interests that span from the logical to the highly creative. They value personal growth and are committed to investing in their well-being
Are you a highly intelligent individual struggling with stress, anxiety, past trauma, or difficulties connecting with others? With 15 years of experience, I specialize in working with gifted and twice-exceptional (2E) children, teens, and adults who face unique challenges in life and relationships. I am dedicated to helping you or your child navigate existential crises, smoothly transition through tough life changes, and build lasting confidence. My clients are typically individuals with intense interests that span from the logical to the highly creative. They value personal growth and are committed to investing in their well-being
(760) 530-6026 View (760) 530-6026
Photo of John Bowen, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
John Bowen
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
I am a spiritually-oriented Jungian therapist. I believe we are all here for a reason, part of which is to thrive and help others thrive as well. I would love to help you heal and achieve your life’s purpose. You have been just surviving for too long; it’s time to start thriving.
I am a spiritually-oriented Jungian therapist. I believe we are all here for a reason, part of which is to thrive and help others thrive as well. I would love to help you heal and achieve your life’s purpose. You have been just surviving for too long; it’s time to start thriving.
(619) 913-7425 View (619) 913-7425
Photo of Meredith Banos, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meredith Banos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92104  (Online Only)
If you are feeling stressed, self critical, impatient, down or worried, I would like to help you feel more confident, calm, in control, and engaged in your life. My approach to counseling is to create a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore and overcome obstacles in order to heal, grow, and reach their full potential.
If you are feeling stressed, self critical, impatient, down or worried, I would like to help you feel more confident, calm, in control, and engaged in your life. My approach to counseling is to create a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore and overcome obstacles in order to heal, grow, and reach their full potential.
(619) 393-3712 View (619) 393-3712
Photo of Christina Nicole Cabral, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christina Nicole Cabral
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130
Christina Cabral, LMFT137667 Specialty areas: Anxiety, life transitions, attachment issues, anger management and perinatal mental health. Works with children, teens, & young adults. Utilizes an integrative approach composed of psychodynamic, CBT, mindfulness, client-centered, and strength -based interventions. I work from a client centered approach and value connection and the therapeutic relationship. I believe a safe, positive environment fosters the setting for vulnerability and comfortability.
Christina Cabral, LMFT137667 Specialty areas: Anxiety, life transitions, attachment issues, anger management and perinatal mental health. Works with children, teens, & young adults. Utilizes an integrative approach composed of psychodynamic, CBT, mindfulness, client-centered, and strength -based interventions. I work from a client centered approach and value connection and the therapeutic relationship. I believe a safe, positive environment fosters the setting for vulnerability and comfortability.
(619) 762-3626 View (619) 762-3626
Photo of Vanessa Tan, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Vanessa Tan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm Vanessa, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). I'm a first generation immigrant based in San Diego, CA. Originally from South East Asia, I've worked and lived in Singapore, Taiwan, and Buffalo, NY. I love cooking, board game nights, heated blankets, and playing fetch with my dog! I love the story-telling of my clients - there's so much to be learned from the life experiences that we have, the minute details that stick with us after all these years, and the takeaways from each life circumstance.
Hi! I'm Vanessa, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). I'm a first generation immigrant based in San Diego, CA. Originally from South East Asia, I've worked and lived in Singapore, Taiwan, and Buffalo, NY. I love cooking, board game nights, heated blankets, and playing fetch with my dog! I love the story-telling of my clients - there's so much to be learned from the life experiences that we have, the minute details that stick with us after all these years, and the takeaways from each life circumstance.
(858) 321-8288 View (858) 321-8288
Photo of Kimberly Lauro, PhD, Psychologist
Kimberly Lauro
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92130
Seeking treatment for depression, anxiety or chronic pain can be challenging, especially when you are feeling down, with little energy and overwhelmed. Because you are here, you are on the right track! I'm a clinical psychologist with over 16 years of experience helping people like you improve mood, energy, self- empowerment and quality of life. I like to work with a mind-body approach, looking at your whole body's experience of your mood...like pain, anxiety, breath.... I use both cognitive treatments, breathwork and ketamine assisted psychotherapy to help you reach your best overall health.
Seeking treatment for depression, anxiety or chronic pain can be challenging, especially when you are feeling down, with little energy and overwhelmed. Because you are here, you are on the right track! I'm a clinical psychologist with over 16 years of experience helping people like you improve mood, energy, self- empowerment and quality of life. I like to work with a mind-body approach, looking at your whole body's experience of your mood...like pain, anxiety, breath.... I use both cognitive treatments, breathwork and ketamine assisted psychotherapy to help you reach your best overall health.
(858) 413-9273 View (858) 413-9273
Photo of Zoe Shpiner, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Zoe Shpiner
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92101  (Online Only)
Do you sometimes feel ruled by your past? Like there’s a story you've been telling yourself that doesn’t quite fit anymore, but is tough to deprogram. Perhaps you've begun exploring your own identity/ies in various ways, differentiating from your family’s expectations, and asking yourself the big question “Who am I?” and could really use a guide and witness to help make space for your evolution (renaissance). It is normal to feel stuck and not have a clue about how to move forward. Change in life is really hard, and you do not need to go through it alone.
Do you sometimes feel ruled by your past? Like there’s a story you've been telling yourself that doesn’t quite fit anymore, but is tough to deprogram. Perhaps you've begun exploring your own identity/ies in various ways, differentiating from your family’s expectations, and asking yourself the big question “Who am I?” and could really use a guide and witness to help make space for your evolution (renaissance). It is normal to feel stuck and not have a clue about how to move forward. Change in life is really hard, and you do not need to go through it alone.
(619) 404-5871 View (619) 404-5871
Photo of Rachel Tarantino, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Tarantino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92121
Navigating life's challenges can feel overwhelming, and it's okay to seek support along the way! Whether you're struggling with managing stress, coping with difficult emotions, or facing obstacles in relationships, let me help you navigate the barriers that have prevented you from living the life you imagined. I collaborate with my clients because it is important to blend my therapeutic knowledge with your personal motivations. Working together to help you achieve your goals allows for the most growth and lasting success. Remember you are not your mental health. You have a name, a personality, a history, and a story to tell.
Navigating life's challenges can feel overwhelming, and it's okay to seek support along the way! Whether you're struggling with managing stress, coping with difficult emotions, or facing obstacles in relationships, let me help you navigate the barriers that have prevented you from living the life you imagined. I collaborate with my clients because it is important to blend my therapeutic knowledge with your personal motivations. Working together to help you achieve your goals allows for the most growth and lasting success. Remember you are not your mental health. You have a name, a personality, a history, and a story to tell.
(858) 428-2072 View (858) 428-2072
Photo of Mirna Beltran, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mirna Beltran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92113
Hola! My name is Mirna, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based out of Southern CA and I've been practicing for over 10 years. I specialize in Trauma-Informed Care and work with adults dealing with depression, anxiety, and other mental health and emotional challenges related to unresolved trauma. With a Trauma-Informed Care approach, I recognize that people can have many different types of traumas in their lives from childhood to more recent that impacts their day-to-day life. I believe that there is no one size fits all and clients need an individualized or eclectic approach to sessions to help reach their treatment goal.
Hola! My name is Mirna, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based out of Southern CA and I've been practicing for over 10 years. I specialize in Trauma-Informed Care and work with adults dealing with depression, anxiety, and other mental health and emotional challenges related to unresolved trauma. With a Trauma-Informed Care approach, I recognize that people can have many different types of traumas in their lives from childhood to more recent that impacts their day-to-day life. I believe that there is no one size fits all and clients need an individualized or eclectic approach to sessions to help reach their treatment goal.
(619) 941-0293 View (619) 941-0293
Photo of John Wilkie, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Wilkie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108  (Online Only)
People seek therapy for many different reasons. Often, it is the result of either a specific incident which impairs our ability to cope, heal and progress, or it is the culmination of longstanding habits, trends, and patterns that continue to render unfulfilling or even detrimental results. I make every effort to empower clients to evolve beyond their instincts if the results have prevented them from reaching their goals. I approach each client with curiosity in an attempt to shed light on their unique decision making process and to enhance their ability to make more healthful and conscientious choices.
People seek therapy for many different reasons. Often, it is the result of either a specific incident which impairs our ability to cope, heal and progress, or it is the culmination of longstanding habits, trends, and patterns that continue to render unfulfilling or even detrimental results. I make every effort to empower clients to evolve beyond their instincts if the results have prevented them from reaching their goals. I approach each client with curiosity in an attempt to shed light on their unique decision making process and to enhance their ability to make more healthful and conscientious choices.
(619) 815-5990 View (619) 815-5990
Photo of Melody Donboli, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melody Donboli
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92128
My goal is to help you uncover your true potential and find more helpful ways of living. I offer a collaborative and client-centered approach tailored to each of my clients individual needs and cultural backgrounds to help attain the personal growth you're striving for. Your life experiences and history contribute to your individual uniqueness. Sometimes it's helpful if your therapist has a base knowledge of aspects of your culture so you don't have to explain everything. Between cultural elements of the LGBTQ community, to intersectionality experiences for persons of color, my background and training aid in this understanding.
My goal is to help you uncover your true potential and find more helpful ways of living. I offer a collaborative and client-centered approach tailored to each of my clients individual needs and cultural backgrounds to help attain the personal growth you're striving for. Your life experiences and history contribute to your individual uniqueness. Sometimes it's helpful if your therapist has a base knowledge of aspects of your culture so you don't have to explain everything. Between cultural elements of the LGBTQ community, to intersectionality experiences for persons of color, my background and training aid in this understanding.
(858) 376-7580 View (858) 376-7580
Photo of Brittney France, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brittney France
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92101
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (111091) in California. I have specialized in the treatment of eating disorders/ disordered eating, emotional and overeating, as well as body image for 16 years through both a clinical and research lens. I believe that all clients have unique strengths and are capable of creating meaningful change in their lives. I enjoy helping clients access these strengths while improving their relationship with food, body, and mind through identifying and connecting with values, learning healthy coping skills, and improving communication.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (111091) in California. I have specialized in the treatment of eating disorders/ disordered eating, emotional and overeating, as well as body image for 16 years through both a clinical and research lens. I believe that all clients have unique strengths and are capable of creating meaningful change in their lives. I enjoy helping clients access these strengths while improving their relationship with food, body, and mind through identifying and connecting with values, learning healthy coping skills, and improving communication.
(619) 955-1309 View (619) 955-1309
Photo of Lauren Johnson, MA, APCC
Lauren Johnson
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92121
Not accepting new clients
An ideal therapy client is motivated, open-minded, and dedicated to personal growth. They value the therapeutic relationship and actively engage in self-exploration. This client embraces vulnerability, seeking honesty and authenticity in the therapeutic space. With a genuine desire for positive change, they are receptive to feedback and willing to challenge their beliefs. Committed to the process, they invest effort and actively participate in therapy. This ideal client is ready to embark on a transformative journey, embracing self-discovery and cultivating lasting well-being.
An ideal therapy client is motivated, open-minded, and dedicated to personal growth. They value the therapeutic relationship and actively engage in self-exploration. This client embraces vulnerability, seeking honesty and authenticity in the therapeutic space. With a genuine desire for positive change, they are receptive to feedback and willing to challenge their beliefs. Committed to the process, they invest effort and actively participate in therapy. This ideal client is ready to embark on a transformative journey, embracing self-discovery and cultivating lasting well-being.
(858) 221-9794 View (858) 221-9794
Photo of Carson Jaffrey, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carson Jaffrey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92117
Are you lost, overwhelmed, sad, or alone? Are the waves of life crashing around you? If you or your loved ones are drowning in the suffering caused by relationship conflict, grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, or addiction, look no further. You are not alone and there is hope! Desperation and suffering brought me to the point of reaching out for help many years ago and soon the seas began to calm. As life came into balance and my spirit healed, guiding others out of the storm into peaceful waters became my mission.
Are you lost, overwhelmed, sad, or alone? Are the waves of life crashing around you? If you or your loved ones are drowning in the suffering caused by relationship conflict, grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, or addiction, look no further. You are not alone and there is hope! Desperation and suffering brought me to the point of reaching out for help many years ago and soon the seas began to calm. As life came into balance and my spirit healed, guiding others out of the storm into peaceful waters became my mission.
(858) 500-1830 View (858) 500-1830
Photo of Benjamin Ballou, LPCC, LAADC, Counselor
Benjamin Ballou
Counselor, LPCC, LAADC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92109  (Online Only)
It may feel like many people in your life have an agenda. Whether that’s related to what you do, how you dress, how you act, the relationships you choose- it is easy to feel judged in our lives by the people that surround us. It may be difficult to seek support from a therapist when this has been your experience. I’m here to show you that my only agenda is supporting you in your journey to reach your goals. Through a nonjudgmental and empathic approach, I will offer you guidance and perspective in how you see your life moving forward. I utilize a holistic perspective, engaging in the therapeutic relationship to help you reach goals.
It may feel like many people in your life have an agenda. Whether that’s related to what you do, how you dress, how you act, the relationships you choose- it is easy to feel judged in our lives by the people that surround us. It may be difficult to seek support from a therapist when this has been your experience. I’m here to show you that my only agenda is supporting you in your journey to reach your goals. Through a nonjudgmental and empathic approach, I will offer you guidance and perspective in how you see your life moving forward. I utilize a holistic perspective, engaging in the therapeutic relationship to help you reach goals.
(619) 567-1340 View (619) 567-1340
Photo of Sara Tafeen, PsyD, Psychologist
Sara Tafeen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92104  (Online Only)
Hello! I’m so glad you’re here. Deciding to reach out for support is a challenging but important step toward creating a life of meaning, satisfaction, and joy. Therapy is a place to express and unpack complicated feelings and negative thoughts and to practice new ways of relating and responding to yourself and others. Following treatment with me, clients typically report understanding themselves more fully, increased self-compassion and empathy, and richer, healthier communication with peers and loved ones. I care deeply about my clients and will be an active participant in helping you to create desired change.
Hello! I’m so glad you’re here. Deciding to reach out for support is a challenging but important step toward creating a life of meaning, satisfaction, and joy. Therapy is a place to express and unpack complicated feelings and negative thoughts and to practice new ways of relating and responding to yourself and others. Following treatment with me, clients typically report understanding themselves more fully, increased self-compassion and empathy, and richer, healthier communication with peers and loved ones. I care deeply about my clients and will be an active participant in helping you to create desired change.
(619) 389-2427 View (619) 389-2427
Photo of Steve Sprinkle, PhD, Psychologist
Steve Sprinkle
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92130
I provide empirically supported treatment to help clients address depression, anxiety, and other common psychological concerns. I also work with clients navigating significant life, career, and health transitions. My primary approach to treatment combines cognitive behavioral and narrative therapy strategies. My goals in therapy are to establish a strong therapeutic relationship as clients develop insight into their problems, and to help clients deepen their personal relationships, adopt healthier ways of thinking, and lead more productive and rewarding lives.
I provide empirically supported treatment to help clients address depression, anxiety, and other common psychological concerns. I also work with clients navigating significant life, career, and health transitions. My primary approach to treatment combines cognitive behavioral and narrative therapy strategies. My goals in therapy are to establish a strong therapeutic relationship as clients develop insight into their problems, and to help clients deepen their personal relationships, adopt healthier ways of thinking, and lead more productive and rewarding lives.
(858) 281-2957 View (858) 281-2957
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Diego, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
69% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
64% Relationship Issues
64% Trauma and PTSD
62% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
75% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Diego, CA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.