Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists in Newport Beach, CA

Photo of Paul Depompo - PCIT Institute of Southern California, Psychologist
PCIT Institute of Southern California
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Over 30 published studies have documented the superiority of PCIT over other methods.
Is your child controlling your household with their demands, tantrums and power struggles? Are you feeling exhausted, out of control and defeated? Are you embarrassed in public and afraid that people see your child's behavior as your failure? Are you tired of fighting, struggling, and trying so hard, but getting nowhere?
Over 30 published studies have documented the superiority of PCIT over other methods.
Is your child controlling your household with their demands, tantrums and power struggles? Are you feeling exhausted, out of control and defeated? Are you embarrassed in public and afraid that people see your child's behavior as your failure? Are you tired of fighting, struggling, and trying so hard, but getting nowhere?
(949) 482-4367 x1 View (949) 482-4367 x1
Photo of Mariam Ibrahim, PhD, Psychologist
Mariam Ibrahim
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660  (Online Only)
Dr. Ibrahim completed her PhD in Clinical Psychology at Arizona State University, with an emphasis on clinical child and health psychology. She then completed her clinical internship at the UCLA's Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and post-doctoral fellowship at Children’s Hospital of Orange County (CHOC). Dr. Ibrahim flexibly uses evidence-based modalities backed by research to guide her treatment, adapting the approaches to each individual’s needs. She is trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused CBT, and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy ( PCIT).
Dr. Ibrahim completed her PhD in Clinical Psychology at Arizona State University, with an emphasis on clinical child and health psychology. She then completed her clinical internship at the UCLA's Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and post-doctoral fellowship at Children’s Hospital of Orange County (CHOC). Dr. Ibrahim flexibly uses evidence-based modalities backed by research to guide her treatment, adapting the approaches to each individual’s needs. She is trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused CBT, and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy ( PCIT).
(714) 415-2033 View (714) 415-2033
Photo of Cassandra Moore, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cassandra Moore
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Visit the PCIT Institute's website today and take our online questionnaire to get insight into your child's behavior and find out if PCIT is right for you and your family! Or call 800.
Are you feeling stressed or out of control of your child's behavior? Are the good days getting fewer and far between? As the Assistant Director of the PCIT Institute, I specialize in treating families with children 2-8 with difficulties such as: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Autism Spectrum disorders, anxiety and difficult divorce reactions utilizing Parent-Child Interaction Therapy ( PCIT). By giving equal attention to the parent-child relationship and to parents' behavior management skills, I collaborate with families to enhance parent-child interactions, improve behavior, and empower parents to use consistent, predictable, effective parenting strategies that work.
Visit the PCIT Institute's website today and take our online questionnaire to get insight into your child's behavior and find out if PCIT is right for you and your family! Or call 800.
Are you feeling stressed or out of control of your child's behavior? Are the good days getting fewer and far between? As the Assistant Director of the PCIT Institute, I specialize in treating families with children 2-8 with difficulties such as: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Autism Spectrum disorders, anxiety and difficult divorce reactions utilizing Parent-Child Interaction Therapy ( PCIT). By giving equal attention to the parent-child relationship and to parents' behavior management skills, I collaborate with families to enhance parent-child interactions, improve behavior, and empower parents to use consistent, predictable, effective parenting strategies that work.
(855) 568-3291 x3 View (855) 568-3291 x3
Photo of Mary Denise Walton - The Art of Healing, LMFT, ATR-BC, Marriage & Family Therapist
The Art of Healing
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
In addition, I am certified in PCIT, Parent-Child Interactive Therapy to help at-risk parents relate to their children more effectively.
With specialties in addiction and dual diagnosis; including depression, anxiety and trauma history, I take an integrated, holistic approach to care. The therapeutic relationship is one in which optimum healing is, as a result of the reciprocal bond, between the therapist and the client. One can only be open to the experience of change and improvement in their life if they feel safe. This is the therapy space that I provide in order to help shape authentic, loving and accurate self-awareness. I provide nurturance, guidance, affirmation and compassionate reflection in order to help clients feel grounded in their own decision-making.
In addition, I am certified in PCIT, Parent-Child Interactive Therapy to help at-risk parents relate to their children more effectively.
With specialties in addiction and dual diagnosis; including depression, anxiety and trauma history, I take an integrated, holistic approach to care. The therapeutic relationship is one in which optimum healing is, as a result of the reciprocal bond, between the therapist and the client. One can only be open to the experience of change and improvement in their life if they feel safe. This is the therapy space that I provide in order to help shape authentic, loving and accurate self-awareness. I provide nurturance, guidance, affirmation and compassionate reflection in order to help clients feel grounded in their own decision-making.
(714) 978-4660 View (714) 978-4660
Photo of Cassidy O'Brien, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cassidy O'Brien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newport Beach, CA 92657  (Online Only)
I also offer virtual parent consultation and coaching, utilizing a strengths-based, individualized approach to teaching parenting tools, designed to improve challenging behaviors in children and strengthen the parent-child relationship.
I work with children and teens of all ages, and specialize in working with “littles” (ages 0-5), with extensive training in early childhood mental health. I specialize in helping children cope with anxiety, depression, trauma, and difficult life transitions, and often take a cognitive-behavioral approach to teach adaptive coping skills to help kids manage challenges. I approach my work with children by viewing them in the context of the whole family, using a family-systems lens and attachment-based approach to strengthen family relationships and to support parents in developing tools to feel equipped to manage behavioral challenges.
I also offer virtual parent consultation and coaching, utilizing a strengths-based, individualized approach to teaching parenting tools, designed to improve challenging behaviors in children and strengthen the parent-child relationship.
I work with children and teens of all ages, and specialize in working with “littles” (ages 0-5), with extensive training in early childhood mental health. I specialize in helping children cope with anxiety, depression, trauma, and difficult life transitions, and often take a cognitive-behavioral approach to teach adaptive coping skills to help kids manage challenges. I approach my work with children by viewing them in the context of the whole family, using a family-systems lens and attachment-based approach to strengthen family relationships and to support parents in developing tools to feel equipped to manage behavioral challenges.
(858) 544-3412 View (858) 544-3412
Photo of Niva Berman, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Niva Berman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Feeling overwhelmed or looking for a change? You're not alone, and seeking help is a courageous first step. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I partner with individuals, couples, and families, providing empathetic and personalized support as they navigate life's challenges. My holistic approach is tailored to each person’s unique experiences and aspirations, empowering them to discover their strengths and transform their relationships.
Feeling overwhelmed or looking for a change? You're not alone, and seeking help is a courageous first step. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I partner with individuals, couples, and families, providing empathetic and personalized support as they navigate life's challenges. My holistic approach is tailored to each person’s unique experiences and aspirations, empowering them to discover their strengths and transform their relationships.
(949) 676-5812 View (949) 676-5812
Photo of Oscar Oo - Logical Behavioral Health, PsyD, PhD, ABPP, LMFT, Psychologist
Logical Behavioral Health
Psychologist, PsyD, PhD, ABPP, LMFT
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Logical Behavioral Health providers are professionals who understand and prioritize your care above all else. We believe that in certain cases, good care even means providing a referral to someone outside of our office if our providers are not the best fit for your behavioral health care needs. The overall course of treatment will ultimately utilize a collaborative approach in helping you achieve mutually formulated treatment goals to reduce symptoms and improve functioning. If you believe that you need a referral to a psychiatrist or other health care professional, we have the resources to provide you with an appropriate referral.
Logical Behavioral Health providers are professionals who understand and prioritize your care above all else. We believe that in certain cases, good care even means providing a referral to someone outside of our office if our providers are not the best fit for your behavioral health care needs. The overall course of treatment will ultimately utilize a collaborative approach in helping you achieve mutually formulated treatment goals to reduce symptoms and improve functioning. If you believe that you need a referral to a psychiatrist or other health care professional, we have the resources to provide you with an appropriate referral.
(949) 536-8892 View (949) 536-8892
Photo of Ashley Davenport, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Ashley Davenport
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Does your child struggle to manage big emotions? Does your child often get in trouble at school or in their extracurricular activities for being disruptive? Emotion Regulation is something we all continue to work on whether we know it or not. We all encounter situations that can test our limits and heighten our emotional state and reactivity to certain triggers. If we can recognize that we are becoming less regulated, we are able to do something about it before we react in a way that may cause inadvertent harm to others or ourselves. Emotion regulation comes natural to some, but for others it needs to be taught and practiced.
Does your child struggle to manage big emotions? Does your child often get in trouble at school or in their extracurricular activities for being disruptive? Emotion Regulation is something we all continue to work on whether we know it or not. We all encounter situations that can test our limits and heighten our emotional state and reactivity to certain triggers. If we can recognize that we are becoming less regulated, we are able to do something about it before we react in a way that may cause inadvertent harm to others or ourselves. Emotion regulation comes natural to some, but for others it needs to be taught and practiced.
(949) 787-2624 View (949) 787-2624
Photo of Amy McNerney, PsyD, MA-ED, TF-EAP, IAYT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Amy McNerney
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PsyD, MA-ED, TF-EAP, IAYT
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660  (Online Only)
Having spent almost two decades healing patients, I've developed a profound understanding of the unique challenges individuals face in their journey towards self-discovery. My approach combines evidence-based, trauma-focused therapy with neuroscience-based cognitive techniques, specifically tailored toward each patient. Together, I invite you to embark on a journey of growth and empowerment, unlocking your full potential and nurturing your True Self.
Having spent almost two decades healing patients, I've developed a profound understanding of the unique challenges individuals face in their journey towards self-discovery. My approach combines evidence-based, trauma-focused therapy with neuroscience-based cognitive techniques, specifically tailored toward each patient. Together, I invite you to embark on a journey of growth and empowerment, unlocking your full potential and nurturing your True Self.
(949) 704-5043 View (949) 704-5043
Photo of Liz Z Wenger, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Liz Z Wenger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
I specialize in helping FAMILIES open up the communication, discuss difficult topics safely and openly, ensure all family members are heard and held, process deeper hurts and pains to release them and connect to each other more truly. I help COUPLES face the resistances that block their connections, assist with parenting, and develop ways of interacting that promote togetherness and intimacy. I help TEENS & YOUNG ADULTS cope and conquer the developmental, relational, social, and emotional pressures by exploring their inner dialogue, validating their concerns, recognizing their resilience thus developing self confidence.
I specialize in helping FAMILIES open up the communication, discuss difficult topics safely and openly, ensure all family members are heard and held, process deeper hurts and pains to release them and connect to each other more truly. I help COUPLES face the resistances that block their connections, assist with parenting, and develop ways of interacting that promote togetherness and intimacy. I help TEENS & YOUNG ADULTS cope and conquer the developmental, relational, social, and emotional pressures by exploring their inner dialogue, validating their concerns, recognizing their resilience thus developing self confidence.
(949) 749-3803 View (949) 749-3803
Photo of Lisa L Popper, MA, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lisa L Popper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Are you struggling with a recent loss – the death of a loved one, loss of a job or the end of a relationship? Do you have a child that has been recently diagnosed with Autism or suffers with self-esteem issues? Are you trying to work on your marriage to rekindle the passion you once enjoyed? Some clients tell me they just feel "off" and unable to enjoy life as they once knew it. Therapy exists to help individuals like you navigate circumstances that are difficult to face alone.
Are you struggling with a recent loss – the death of a loved one, loss of a job or the end of a relationship? Do you have a child that has been recently diagnosed with Autism or suffers with self-esteem issues? Are you trying to work on your marriage to rekindle the passion you once enjoyed? Some clients tell me they just feel "off" and unable to enjoy life as they once knew it. Therapy exists to help individuals like you navigate circumstances that are difficult to face alone.
(714) 862-2162 View (714) 862-2162
Photo of Lauren Sherwin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Sherwin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! My name is Lauren Sherwin, and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I'm glad you're here. We all have challenges in life and need a helping hand at times. My goal is to help you achieve your goals. Together, we will identify your wants and needs, while implementing tools and strategies to help you heal. I have experience working directly with children, adolescents, and adults in a wide array of settings. I'm currently offering teletherapy and 15 minute consultations so we can learn a bit about each other prior to starting therapy.
Hello and welcome! My name is Lauren Sherwin, and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I'm glad you're here. We all have challenges in life and need a helping hand at times. My goal is to help you achieve your goals. Together, we will identify your wants and needs, while implementing tools and strategies to help you heal. I have experience working directly with children, adolescents, and adults in a wide array of settings. I'm currently offering teletherapy and 15 minute consultations so we can learn a bit about each other prior to starting therapy.
(949) 284-2761 View (949) 284-2761
Photo of Lucy Vo, MA, PsyD, Psychologist
Lucy Vo
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newport Beach, CA 92660
I love helping teenagers and young adults with Autism/Asperger's navigate the social world around them by teaching skills to make and keep friends. I am also good at helping them deal with anxiety, depression and controlling their behaviors. I understand traditional talk therapy is not very effective for those on the spectrum so I modify the treatment by using different methods to increase understanding and learning. I believe in working with family members that care for the individual on the spectrum so I welcome you to join us in learning how to be the best form of support.
I love helping teenagers and young adults with Autism/Asperger's navigate the social world around them by teaching skills to make and keep friends. I am also good at helping them deal with anxiety, depression and controlling their behaviors. I understand traditional talk therapy is not very effective for those on the spectrum so I modify the treatment by using different methods to increase understanding and learning. I believe in working with family members that care for the individual on the spectrum so I welcome you to join us in learning how to be the best form of support.
(714) 874-3996 View (714) 874-3996
Photo of Rachel Fenning Baker, PhD, Psychologist
Rachel Fenning Baker
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Waitlist for new clients
B.A., Psychology: Yale University; Ph.D., Clinical Psychology, UCLA. Fenning & Baker Psychology is dedicated to providing empirically-based psychological assessment, consultation, and treatment services in an inclusive and welcoming environment. We specialize in child, family, and young adult clinical psychology, with particular expertise in: 1. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: ASD, ADHD, learning and language disorders, intellectual disability and developmental delay 2. Anxiety and related difficulties 3. Behavioral challenges and emotion regulation issues 4. Parenting support, coparenting, and family therapy.
B.A., Psychology: Yale University; Ph.D., Clinical Psychology, UCLA. Fenning & Baker Psychology is dedicated to providing empirically-based psychological assessment, consultation, and treatment services in an inclusive and welcoming environment. We specialize in child, family, and young adult clinical psychology, with particular expertise in: 1. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: ASD, ADHD, learning and language disorders, intellectual disability and developmental delay 2. Anxiety and related difficulties 3. Behavioral challenges and emotion regulation issues 4. Parenting support, coparenting, and family therapy.
(949) 763-3586 View (949) 763-3586
Photo of Allen Darbonne, PhD, Psychologist
Allen Darbonne
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660  (Online Only)
STOP Divorce and Relationship Breakdown NOW! Save your Relationship, your Kids & your Net Worth! Imagine turning disappointment into deep, passionate love and connection. Picture how that can impact the happiness of your children. After 50 years helping thousands of individuals & training therapists all over the world, I am convinced that most relationship problems are not the couples' fault. Lacking scientifically proven Practice, Knowledge & Skills for Deep Soulmate Relating is! CALL ME.
STOP Divorce and Relationship Breakdown NOW! Save your Relationship, your Kids & your Net Worth! Imagine turning disappointment into deep, passionate love and connection. Picture how that can impact the happiness of your children. After 50 years helping thousands of individuals & training therapists all over the world, I am convinced that most relationship problems are not the couples' fault. Lacking scientifically proven Practice, Knowledge & Skills for Deep Soulmate Relating is! CALL ME.
(424) 269-2119 View (424) 269-2119
Photo of Mitra H Elmi, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mitra H Elmi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Being in the helping field is where I belong, and helping others is my priority. I initially began my career as a teacher, and then decided to pursue a deeper role in helping others learn, grow, and become their best self. During the past 8 years of being a clinical therapist, I have worked in both a clinic and school setting. I've worked with a diverse population, including people of all ages, cultures, and socioeconomic backgrounds. I welcome anyone who is willing to work with me, together, to improve relationships, self, family, and/or overall well-being.
Being in the helping field is where I belong, and helping others is my priority. I initially began my career as a teacher, and then decided to pursue a deeper role in helping others learn, grow, and become their best self. During the past 8 years of being a clinical therapist, I have worked in both a clinic and school setting. I've worked with a diverse population, including people of all ages, cultures, and socioeconomic backgrounds. I welcome anyone who is willing to work with me, together, to improve relationships, self, family, and/or overall well-being.
(949) 682-3843 View (949) 682-3843
Photo of Hong Jeong, LCSW, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hong Jeong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
We all go through emotional storms where we feel emotionally and physically stuck; we worry too much and lose control of ourselves. Do you find yourself thrown off balance by your childhood trauma? Childhood traumatic experiences such as abandonment, abuse, and neglect lead to social anxiety. My approach is solution-focused and tailored to your needs and goals. I am committed to providing a profound sense of safety and offering compassionate and actionable guidance to all my clients.
We all go through emotional storms where we feel emotionally and physically stuck; we worry too much and lose control of ourselves. Do you find yourself thrown off balance by your childhood trauma? Childhood traumatic experiences such as abandonment, abuse, and neglect lead to social anxiety. My approach is solution-focused and tailored to your needs and goals. I am committed to providing a profound sense of safety and offering compassionate and actionable guidance to all my clients.
(949) 989-4961 View (949) 989-4961
Photo of John L. Avitabile, LMFT, MBA, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
John L. Avitabile
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MBA, MA
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92663
Each individual experiences life's journey in a personally unique manner while weaving the tapestry of lived experience into a meaningful and beautiful pattern reflecting their journey. As most of us have discovered, however, sometimes the actual experience can be fraught with anxiety, depression, anger, regret and disappointment. As a therapist, I use my education and life experience to help clients reconnect with their hopes, dreams, personal and professional goals using their undiscovered strengths and natural resilience. We will work together to find practical strategies to make life energizing, meaningful and rewarding again.
Each individual experiences life's journey in a personally unique manner while weaving the tapestry of lived experience into a meaningful and beautiful pattern reflecting their journey. As most of us have discovered, however, sometimes the actual experience can be fraught with anxiety, depression, anger, regret and disappointment. As a therapist, I use my education and life experience to help clients reconnect with their hopes, dreams, personal and professional goals using their undiscovered strengths and natural resilience. We will work together to find practical strategies to make life energizing, meaningful and rewarding again.
(949) 531-7844 View (949) 531-7844
Photo of Elizabeth Kovacevich, MA, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth Kovacevich
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
For over 30 years I have been helping my clients to discover new ways to deal with their problems and to begin thriving rather than merely surviving in their lives. My greatest strength is moving people from crisis to change. My openness and forthright style with clients provide them the opportunity for understanding, personal growth, and change. I view therapy as an educational as well as therapeutic experience. My style is primarily interactive. I am supportive, caring and process oriented. I have extensive experience with mental health, hospitals and schools. I love working with people in all stages and ages of their lives!
For over 30 years I have been helping my clients to discover new ways to deal with their problems and to begin thriving rather than merely surviving in their lives. My greatest strength is moving people from crisis to change. My openness and forthright style with clients provide them the opportunity for understanding, personal growth, and change. I view therapy as an educational as well as therapeutic experience. My style is primarily interactive. I am supportive, caring and process oriented. I have extensive experience with mental health, hospitals and schools. I love working with people in all stages and ages of their lives!
(831) 272-4983 View (831) 272-4983
Photo of Andie Hollowell, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Andie Hollowell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Pretending everything is fine is exhausting. Coping with everything life throws at you, juggling different roles, and trying to be all things to all people. You feel guilty and inadequate and worry that someday all those plates you're spinning will come crashing down. Maybe you're an amazing "somebody" who often feels like an invisible and overwhelmed "nobody." Or maybe if they see you, they will know that you're not enough. Your body is not enough. Your relationship is not enough. You're incapable of fixing everything yourself. You feel lost and alone, living in silent despair.
Pretending everything is fine is exhausting. Coping with everything life throws at you, juggling different roles, and trying to be all things to all people. You feel guilty and inadequate and worry that someday all those plates you're spinning will come crashing down. Maybe you're an amazing "somebody" who often feels like an invisible and overwhelmed "nobody." Or maybe if they see you, they will know that you're not enough. Your body is not enough. Your relationship is not enough. You're incapable of fixing everything yourself. You feel lost and alone, living in silent despair.
(626) 465-7708 View (626) 465-7708
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Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists

Does parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) work?

PCIT is an evidence-based treatment that has been shown to be effective across domains, including for children with behavioral problems, those on the autism spectrum, and those who have experienced early childhood trauma. Further, studies have found that the skills developed through PCIT benefit not only the child in therapy but also siblings, as the parent internalizes lessons learned in sessions and is able to incorporate them into interactions with other family members.

How long does PCIT last?

The duration of treatment depends on the specific challenges clients face. Sessions are typically 60 to 90 minutes long, and treatment lasts, on average, between 12 and 20 sessions. Factors that influence treatment duration include how regularly a client attends treatment, how much progress is achieved between sessions, the particular skills that need development, and the extent to which the parent and therapist see improvement.

Can PCIT be done online?

PCIT is among the therapy types best suited for video sessions. Therapists are able to communicate with parents with essentially the same ease, and by observing the parent and child at home in their normal environment, the therapist may gain additional insight into their interactions, as the child will have their normal toys and may feel more comfortable and act more naturally than they would in a therapist’s room.

Does PCIT help parents?

In addition to the skills parents develop through the treatment, PCIT has also been shown to reduce frustration, stress, and depression in parents and promote confidence and a sense of calm when dealing with their children. The desired outcomes of PCIT include a reduction in defiant and aggressive behavior by children and an improvement in communicating their feelings productively, complying with parental instruction, and behaving according to parents’ rules. Growth in these areas can be a relief for parents.