Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Marlo S Powell, MS CSP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Marlo S Powell
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS CSP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19135  (Online Only)
As a compassionate and dedicated Masters level, Pre-Licensed Professional Counselor, I am committed to providing a safe and supportive environment for individuals seeking guidance and healing. With a Certification and Master's degree in School Psychology and 20 years of experience in the field, I offer evidence-based therapeutic interventions tailored to each client's unique needs.
As a compassionate and dedicated Masters level, Pre-Licensed Professional Counselor, I am committed to providing a safe and supportive environment for individuals seeking guidance and healing. With a Certification and Master's degree in School Psychology and 20 years of experience in the field, I offer evidence-based therapeutic interventions tailored to each client's unique needs.
(267) 656-6303 View (267) 656-6303
Photo of Susan Egan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Egan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106  (Online Only)
My name is Susan. I have been practicing, in Pennsylvania for 25 years. I have my LCSW. The bulk of my career was spent in an atypical long term care facility. Clients ranged from 18 to 100 with a myriad of mental health challenges. In this setting, I provided one to one therapy and facilitated groups. Group work consisted of anger management, chronic illness and improving interpersonal skills. Going into private practice, my role in the partnership is the provision of a judgment free environment where we can strategize, addressing and overcoming the many challenges we all face.
My name is Susan. I have been practicing, in Pennsylvania for 25 years. I have my LCSW. The bulk of my career was spent in an atypical long term care facility. Clients ranged from 18 to 100 with a myriad of mental health challenges. In this setting, I provided one to one therapy and facilitated groups. Group work consisted of anger management, chronic illness and improving interpersonal skills. Going into private practice, my role in the partnership is the provision of a judgment free environment where we can strategize, addressing and overcoming the many challenges we all face.
(267) 369-2017 View (267) 369-2017
Photo of Bonnie Carpenter, EdD, Psychologist
Bonnie Carpenter
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147
People come to treatment for a variety of reasons.I view each person as unique and strive to assist individuals to overcome challenges and meet the goals that are important in their lives. As we work to let go of behaviors, thoughts and feelings that are not useful in the present, new healthier patterns can emerge and be adopted. Treatment is always focused on achieving a greater sense of comfort and satisfaction, psychologically, emotionally physically and spiritually.
People come to treatment for a variety of reasons.I view each person as unique and strive to assist individuals to overcome challenges and meet the goals that are important in their lives. As we work to let go of behaviors, thoughts and feelings that are not useful in the present, new healthier patterns can emerge and be adopted. Treatment is always focused on achieving a greater sense of comfort and satisfaction, psychologically, emotionally physically and spiritually.
(215) 995-4087 View (215) 995-4087
Photo of Tricia Thalheimer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tricia Thalheimer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Are you having a hard time quieting the negative thoughts in your head? Are you struggling to keep up with everything in your life? Do you feel trapped by painful memories or experiences? Whatever it is that you’re dealing with, the fact that you landed on this page means you’ve already taken an important step to begin learning how to manage what life has thrown at you and to create a life worth living.
Are you having a hard time quieting the negative thoughts in your head? Are you struggling to keep up with everything in your life? Do you feel trapped by painful memories or experiences? Whatever it is that you’re dealing with, the fact that you landed on this page means you’ve already taken an important step to begin learning how to manage what life has thrown at you and to create a life worth living.
(484) 878-5649 View (484) 878-5649
Photo of Sheila Japko, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sheila Japko
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
People try everything they can to solve their difficulties on their own before calling a therapist. It's precisely our own personal luggage that disables us from fulfilling our own potential and making the changes we so desire. Finding a therapist who is right for you can help you gain a better understanding of yourself and can be very useful to getting you to where you want to be. What is most important is that you feel free to talk about whatever is currently distressing you the most. For that, you need to ensure that you are a good fit with your therapist.
People try everything they can to solve their difficulties on their own before calling a therapist. It's precisely our own personal luggage that disables us from fulfilling our own potential and making the changes we so desire. Finding a therapist who is right for you can help you gain a better understanding of yourself and can be very useful to getting you to where you want to be. What is most important is that you feel free to talk about whatever is currently distressing you the most. For that, you need to ensure that you are a good fit with your therapist.
(610) 624-2493 View (610) 624-2493
Photo of Raelea Webster, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Raelea Webster
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19140  (Online Only)
Chronic illness, chronic pain, depression, or anxiety. Each of these have their own way of zapping our energy and enjoyment in life. These culprits tell us lies about ourselves and keep us from living our greatest potential. Maybe you've been faced with unforeseen circumstances, this is not the life you envisioned, and you're left wondering where to begin. It's hard to tell if or when you're making progress because life just doesn't look the same as it used to and you're left comparing yourself to others.
Chronic illness, chronic pain, depression, or anxiety. Each of these have their own way of zapping our energy and enjoyment in life. These culprits tell us lies about ourselves and keep us from living our greatest potential. Maybe you've been faced with unforeseen circumstances, this is not the life you envisioned, and you're left wondering where to begin. It's hard to tell if or when you're making progress because life just doesn't look the same as it used to and you're left comparing yourself to others.
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Photo of Tina Xia, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tina Xia
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck in your relationships with your partner, family, and colleagues? Are you feeling powerless sometimes? Do you feel like you're never good enough in your relationships, your family, your job? Do you feel lonely even though you are in a relationship? You are not alone. As human being, we all share foundation needs: to connect to people, to feel loved and valued, and be able to love ourselves and others. Sometimes we just get lost in survival patterns developed by trauma and daily stress.
Are you feeling stuck in your relationships with your partner, family, and colleagues? Are you feeling powerless sometimes? Do you feel like you're never good enough in your relationships, your family, your job? Do you feel lonely even though you are in a relationship? You are not alone. As human being, we all share foundation needs: to connect to people, to feel loved and valued, and be able to love ourselves and others. Sometimes we just get lost in survival patterns developed by trauma and daily stress.
(267) 394-9705 View (267) 394-9705
Photo of Dr. Stanley E Stocker III - Journey to Healing, LLC, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Journey to Healing, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19150
Life is a journey and can be very difficult to travel, especially when traveling alone and battling things like grief and loss, depression, anxiety, trauma, and other forms of mental distress. As a marriage and family therapist, I am passionate about joining my clients in their journey to wellness. I believe in blending clinical theories with Biblical truths, as well as cultivating a safe, judgement-free environment for my clients.
Life is a journey and can be very difficult to travel, especially when traveling alone and battling things like grief and loss, depression, anxiety, trauma, and other forms of mental distress. As a marriage and family therapist, I am passionate about joining my clients in their journey to wellness. I believe in blending clinical theories with Biblical truths, as well as cultivating a safe, judgement-free environment for my clients.
(267) 458-7289 View (267) 458-7289
Photo of Cathy Jacobsen, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cathy Jacobsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19118  (Online Only)
An experienced clinician and Grief and Loss Educator, I'm devoted to helping clients manage life's challenges while uncovering their unique strengths and resources. I work with a broad range of issues-trauma, anxiety (OCD, Panic) depression, relationships. Grief over the loss of a loved one is an area of special interest. Grief is traumatic and transformative. There is no ‘cure’ for grief. No timeline. You tell yourself that time will heal the wound, yet every day opens it anew. I am your guide, the journey is yours. You will leave our first session feeling understood, more hopeful and with at least one new coping skill in hand.
An experienced clinician and Grief and Loss Educator, I'm devoted to helping clients manage life's challenges while uncovering their unique strengths and resources. I work with a broad range of issues-trauma, anxiety (OCD, Panic) depression, relationships. Grief over the loss of a loved one is an area of special interest. Grief is traumatic and transformative. There is no ‘cure’ for grief. No timeline. You tell yourself that time will heal the wound, yet every day opens it anew. I am your guide, the journey is yours. You will leave our first session feeling understood, more hopeful and with at least one new coping skill in hand.
(267) 435-3727 View (267) 435-3727
Photo of Ted Koslowsky, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ted Koslowsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19122  (Online Only)
Ted Koslowsky is a licensed professional counselor in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. He believes that the relationship between client and therapist is central to helping the client create positive change in their life. By joining with his clients, providing a warm and therapeutic environment, Ted creates the emotional space for the client to begin to open up, to learn about themselves, and to make changes in their lives. He believes that the client is the expert in their own life, and it is his job to join with them, to elicit what’s coming up inside, to reflect and consider, and to work to gain a new understanding of themselves.
Ted Koslowsky is a licensed professional counselor in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. He believes that the relationship between client and therapist is central to helping the client create positive change in their life. By joining with his clients, providing a warm and therapeutic environment, Ted creates the emotional space for the client to begin to open up, to learn about themselves, and to make changes in their lives. He believes that the client is the expert in their own life, and it is his job to join with them, to elicit what’s coming up inside, to reflect and consider, and to work to gain a new understanding of themselves.
(215) 337-2574 View (215) 337-2574
Photo of Eric B Spiegel, PhD, Psychologist
Eric B Spiegel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I specialize in working with anxiety, relationship concerns, and trauma. With an expertise in clinical hypnosis, I will help you: (1) improve your reflective awareness of how your feelings and thoughts impact your well-being, relationships and behaviors and (2) enhance your coping and stress management skills to deal with your problems more effectively. As we build our therapeutic relationship, I will challenge you to observe yourself and reflect. Together, we will work collaboratively to facilitate positive change in your life and relationships. Enhancing your wellness is central to my work.
I specialize in working with anxiety, relationship concerns, and trauma. With an expertise in clinical hypnosis, I will help you: (1) improve your reflective awareness of how your feelings and thoughts impact your well-being, relationships and behaviors and (2) enhance your coping and stress management skills to deal with your problems more effectively. As we build our therapeutic relationship, I will challenge you to observe yourself and reflect. Together, we will work collaboratively to facilitate positive change in your life and relationships. Enhancing your wellness is central to my work.
(215) 995-5035 View (215) 995-5035
Photo of Bill Martin - Psychotherapy for Sexually Abused Men, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Psychotherapy for Sexually Abused Men
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125  (Online Only)
Currently, I'm only accepting male clients who have been sexually abused and/or assaulted. I work mainly with older men who have never talked about being sexually abused. While there are many female therapists who work well with male sexual abuse survivors, I believe being a straight male therapist with a wife and family helps. I am certified in Interactional Guided Imagery, a trained EMDR therapist, facilitated over 100 psychodramas, and am effective and successful in my work.
Currently, I'm only accepting male clients who have been sexually abused and/or assaulted. I work mainly with older men who have never talked about being sexually abused. While there are many female therapists who work well with male sexual abuse survivors, I believe being a straight male therapist with a wife and family helps. I am certified in Interactional Guided Imagery, a trained EMDR therapist, facilitated over 100 psychodramas, and am effective and successful in my work.
(215) 515-4654 x773936 View (215) 515-4654 x773936
Photo of William Coffey - People First Therapy Group, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
People First Therapy Group
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Accepting New Clients! People First Therapy Group is a nonprofit mental health provider. Our mission is to provide quality therapy in a safe and equitable environment to all who seek services, regardless of ability to pay. We believe that all people, regardless of their socioeconomic status or other identities, deserve high quality mental health care. We have multiple therapists in the group with various specialties. We are located in Philadelphia for in person therapy and service all of PA and NJ with virtual sessions.
Accepting New Clients! People First Therapy Group is a nonprofit mental health provider. Our mission is to provide quality therapy in a safe and equitable environment to all who seek services, regardless of ability to pay. We believe that all people, regardless of their socioeconomic status or other identities, deserve high quality mental health care. We have multiple therapists in the group with various specialties. We are located in Philadelphia for in person therapy and service all of PA and NJ with virtual sessions.
(484) 577-2606 View (484) 577-2606
Photo of L'Oréal Porçeia McCollum, LSW, MSW, MEd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
L'Oréal Porçeia McCollum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSW, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Some people move through life feeling disconnected, overwhelmed, or “out of body.” In my role, I hold space for them to process personal and/or intergenerational trauma so they can heal, connect with others, and live more freely. The people who resonate with my approach the most are soul searchers, creatives, and anyone looking to buck societal expectations. They might be exploring their sexuality, relationship with substances, or pieces of their identity they’ve been repressing. I also work with clients integrating experiences from meditation, breath work, psychedelic journeys, and other non-ordinary states of consciousness.
Some people move through life feeling disconnected, overwhelmed, or “out of body.” In my role, I hold space for them to process personal and/or intergenerational trauma so they can heal, connect with others, and live more freely. The people who resonate with my approach the most are soul searchers, creatives, and anyone looking to buck societal expectations. They might be exploring their sexuality, relationship with substances, or pieces of their identity they’ve been repressing. I also work with clients integrating experiences from meditation, breath work, psychedelic journeys, and other non-ordinary states of consciousness.
(267) 337-6541 View (267) 337-6541
Photo of Colin Halko, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Colin Halko
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19148  (Online Only)
Have you been feeling stuck? Maybe the days have begun to merge together and now it is six months later, yet you find yourself in the same spot. Making lasting changes is hard and it can feel like an uphill battle, especially when you feel like life has lost its purpose. I believe therapy can help organize that chaos. All those thoughts and feelings that get tumbled around while living that feel difficult to grasp on to and understand. Through our sessions, we will work together to make some sense of it all.
Have you been feeling stuck? Maybe the days have begun to merge together and now it is six months later, yet you find yourself in the same spot. Making lasting changes is hard and it can feel like an uphill battle, especially when you feel like life has lost its purpose. I believe therapy can help organize that chaos. All those thoughts and feelings that get tumbled around while living that feel difficult to grasp on to and understand. Through our sessions, we will work together to make some sense of it all.
(267) 668-1714 View (267) 668-1714
Photo of Kendra McKee, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kendra McKee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
My name is Kendra and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Pennsylvania with experience providing individual and group therapy. Since graduating with my Masters of Social Work in 2010, I have worked in a variety of settings. These settings have included traditional outpatient clinics, schools, inpatient psychiatric hospital, and in a primary care clinic.
My name is Kendra and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Pennsylvania with experience providing individual and group therapy. Since graduating with my Masters of Social Work in 2010, I have worked in a variety of settings. These settings have included traditional outpatient clinics, schools, inpatient psychiatric hospital, and in a primary care clinic.
(484) 897-6317 View (484) 897-6317
Photo of Ben Goldstein, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ben Goldstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19143  (Online Only)
Therapy is a place to get curious about areas in your life where you might feel stuck, depressed, or isolated. In our work together, I strive to create a space that builds capacity for you to change by exploring your relationships, both past and present. I hope to support you in arriving at a deeper sense of connection to the world around you and the people in it.
Therapy is a place to get curious about areas in your life where you might feel stuck, depressed, or isolated. In our work together, I strive to create a space that builds capacity for you to change by exploring your relationships, both past and present. I hope to support you in arriving at a deeper sense of connection to the world around you and the people in it.
(267) 263-7336 View (267) 263-7336
Photo of Teresa Edmunds, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Teresa Edmunds
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19141  (Online Only)
Hi, how are you? No really, how are you? If you are tired of saying, "I'm fine, I'm well, and/or I'm okay", when you really aren't then it may be time to seek assistance. My name is Teresa Edmunds and I'm a Licensed Social Worker (LSW) in the state of Pennsylvania, and I'm here to help. My therapeutic approach is integrated with short term behavioral approaches like CBT & psychodynamic approaches as needed. I utilize a realistic, straight-forward, & strength-based approach to work with you without making you feel judged.
Hi, how are you? No really, how are you? If you are tired of saying, "I'm fine, I'm well, and/or I'm okay", when you really aren't then it may be time to seek assistance. My name is Teresa Edmunds and I'm a Licensed Social Worker (LSW) in the state of Pennsylvania, and I'm here to help. My therapeutic approach is integrated with short term behavioral approaches like CBT & psychodynamic approaches as needed. I utilize a realistic, straight-forward, & strength-based approach to work with you without making you feel judged.
(888) 895-1033 x1 View (888) 895-1033 x1
Photo of David K. Prince, PsyD, Psychologist
David K. Prince
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Not accepting new clients
I believe that people want and need to be understood by themselves and by other people. Without this, life and relationships can feel hollow and lonely. At the most difficult times, problems with others, depression and anxiety, unmet goals, and the critical ways you feel about yourself can be too much to bear and feel too hard to change. But change comes with the development of a therapy relationship fostered by careful listening, trust, curiosity, honesty, and taking chances. I help people who are struggling with depression, anxiety, and self-esteem and relationship issues.
I believe that people want and need to be understood by themselves and by other people. Without this, life and relationships can feel hollow and lonely. At the most difficult times, problems with others, depression and anxiety, unmet goals, and the critical ways you feel about yourself can be too much to bear and feel too hard to change. But change comes with the development of a therapy relationship fostered by careful listening, trust, curiosity, honesty, and taking chances. I help people who are struggling with depression, anxiety, and self-esteem and relationship issues.
(215) 995-3250 View (215) 995-3250
Photo of Mark Walthofer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark Walthofer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
My name is Mark Walthofer. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker for the State of Pennsylvania and have been in Social Survives in one form or another for the last 40 years. I have worked with everyone from children to seniors, in services such as wrap-around, drug and alcohol, group homes hospitals, and medical practices. clinical and private mental health practices. I have experience working with adults. including young adults ages 8 to 25, seniors adolescents, and families and children parodically.
My name is Mark Walthofer. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker for the State of Pennsylvania and have been in Social Survives in one form or another for the last 40 years. I have worked with everyone from children to seniors, in services such as wrap-around, drug and alcohol, group homes hospitals, and medical practices. clinical and private mental health practices. I have experience working with adults. including young adults ages 8 to 25, seniors adolescents, and families and children parodically.
(717) 930-2080 View (717) 930-2080
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
72% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.