Therapists in West Springfield, PA

Photo of Melissa Linville-Thatcher, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Linville-Thatcher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
West Springfield, PA 16443
Evening and weekend telehealth appointments available! Warm, compassionate, empathetic, non-judgmental, caring and kind... These are words that past clients have used to describe my personality and approach. I approach every client with universal acceptance and non-judgment. I believe you deserve to live your life the way you choose. People come to therapy for many different reasons with all kinds of goals. I would love to help you get to where you want to be! Telehealth counseling is available for any Pennsylvania resident and I offer in-person sessions in Erie. I’m in-network with a large variety of insurances to meet your needs.
Evening and weekend telehealth appointments available! Warm, compassionate, empathetic, non-judgmental, caring and kind... These are words that past clients have used to describe my personality and approach. I approach every client with universal acceptance and non-judgment. I believe you deserve to live your life the way you choose. People come to therapy for many different reasons with all kinds of goals. I would love to help you get to where you want to be! Telehealth counseling is available for any Pennsylvania resident and I offer in-person sessions in Erie. I’m in-network with a large variety of insurances to meet your needs.
(814) 787-0096 View (814) 787-0096

More Therapists Nearby

John Etling
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Girard, PA 16417
I am a doctoral level (PhD in Clinical Psychology) clinician who has been working with children, adolescents, and adults for more than 30 years, providing services in outpatient, in-home, residential, and community settings. I recognize the unique needs of the individual and will tailor treatment strategies based on the whole person.
I am a doctoral level (PhD in Clinical Psychology) clinician who has been working with children, adolescents, and adults for more than 30 years, providing services in outpatient, in-home, residential, and community settings. I recognize the unique needs of the individual and will tailor treatment strategies based on the whole person.
(814) 622-5279 View (814) 622-5279
Photo of Colette Lea Bone, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Colette Lea Bone
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Lake City, PA 16423
"We all have the capacity to be the heroes of our own story." This is the basis of my counseling approach. In the real world, we can get lost, stressed or overwhelmed when our lives become confusing or when we face a difficult change. It may be that we are just getting in our own way, that we need room to sort through issues and gain new skills, or that a significant mental illness keeps us from living the life we want.
"We all have the capacity to be the heroes of our own story." This is the basis of my counseling approach. In the real world, we can get lost, stressed or overwhelmed when our lives become confusing or when we face a difficult change. It may be that we are just getting in our own way, that we need room to sort through issues and gain new skills, or that a significant mental illness keeps us from living the life we want.
(814) 313-1253 View (814) 313-1253
Photo of Dr. Larry Joe Pugel, PhD, LPC, NBCFCH, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Larry Joe Pugel
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NBCFCH
Verified Verified
Albion, PA 16401
Dr. Larry Joe Pugel, Ph.D. is a Licensed Professional Counselor with board certification in: clinical hypnosis. He received his B.S. Degree from Colorado State University in 1969, sociology-anthropology, M.S. Pepperdine University, 1977 in special education-psychology, Ph.D. clinical counseling and psychotherapy, Union Institute and University 1993. Dr. Pugel specializes in the treatment of mental, emotional and adjustment disorders in adults, children, adolescents and couples. He provides individual, couples, family and marital counseling.
Dr. Larry Joe Pugel, Ph.D. is a Licensed Professional Counselor with board certification in: clinical hypnosis. He received his B.S. Degree from Colorado State University in 1969, sociology-anthropology, M.S. Pepperdine University, 1977 in special education-psychology, Ph.D. clinical counseling and psychotherapy, Union Institute and University 1993. Dr. Pugel specializes in the treatment of mental, emotional and adjustment disorders in adults, children, adolescents and couples. He provides individual, couples, family and marital counseling.
(814) 346-1648 View (814) 346-1648
Photo of William J Krowinski, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
William J Krowinski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Girard, PA 16417
Do you wish for more joy, meaning and purpose in your life? Would you like your relationships with friends, partner and family to be more nourishing and loving? Do you want to unlearn old self defeating habits and discover more effective ways of coping with life circumstances and relationship problems? It would be my privilege to assist you in discovering your path and answers on the road of life. I have over 40 years of experience working with individuals, couples and families.
Do you wish for more joy, meaning and purpose in your life? Would you like your relationships with friends, partner and family to be more nourishing and loving? Do you want to unlearn old self defeating habits and discover more effective ways of coping with life circumstances and relationship problems? It would be my privilege to assist you in discovering your path and answers on the road of life. I have over 40 years of experience working with individuals, couples and families.
(814) 499-1911 View (814) 499-1911

Online Therapists

Photo of Megan Berringer - Movement in Mind, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Movement in Mind, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allison Park, PA 15101
Waitlist for new clients
If you are hoping to improve your relationship with your mind and body, but find that traditional therapy environments haven't helped, it's giving trauma! I am an EMDR-trained clinical social worker and I consider trauma to be a universal lived experience. I understand the role of somatic experiencing as integral to adaptation and change. I love working with clients who identify as queer, chronically ill and/or neurodivergent. As a lover of strength sports, I offer EMDR therapy for sports performance to help you clear mental blocks and adapt after injury.
If you are hoping to improve your relationship with your mind and body, but find that traditional therapy environments haven't helped, it's giving trauma! I am an EMDR-trained clinical social worker and I consider trauma to be a universal lived experience. I understand the role of somatic experiencing as integral to adaptation and change. I love working with clients who identify as queer, chronically ill and/or neurodivergent. As a lover of strength sports, I offer EMDR therapy for sports performance to help you clear mental blocks and adapt after injury.
(814) 904-4296 View (814) 904-4296
Photo of Mary Murrin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Murrin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cranberry Township, PA 16066
Therapy can be a wonderful opportunity to work toward resolving personal struggles. I offer a confidential place for counseling and support in a collaborative environment. For over 20 years, I have worked with individuals, couples, and families in multiple behavioral health settings which have included private practice, outpatient behavioral agencies, schools, drug and alcohol centers, and in-patient units.
Therapy can be a wonderful opportunity to work toward resolving personal struggles. I offer a confidential place for counseling and support in a collaborative environment. For over 20 years, I have worked with individuals, couples, and families in multiple behavioral health settings which have included private practice, outpatient behavioral agencies, schools, drug and alcohol centers, and in-patient units.
(724) 577-7927 View (724) 577-7927
Photo of Lauren C Billinger, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lauren C Billinger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Wexford, PA 15090
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I value addressing life challenges that families, couples and individuals face from a systemic and holistic approach. My hope is to create an environment that is safe and encouraging for all members to feel valued and supported. I counsel couples through the many stages of life, including pre-marital consultation,fertility issues, becoming new parents, divorce and the everyday stress and challenges that couples face in today's hectic world. Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, family problems, or parenting we can work together to help you utilize your strengths and positive qualities when addressing life issues.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I value addressing life challenges that families, couples and individuals face from a systemic and holistic approach. My hope is to create an environment that is safe and encouraging for all members to feel valued and supported. I counsel couples through the many stages of life, including pre-marital consultation,fertility issues, becoming new parents, divorce and the everyday stress and challenges that couples face in today's hectic world. Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, family problems, or parenting we can work together to help you utilize your strengths and positive qualities when addressing life issues.
(724) 705-1370 View (724) 705-1370
Photo of Stacey Laverock,  LCSW, LISW, CCTP, EAP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacey Laverock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW, CCTP, EAP
Verified Verified
Hermitage, PA 16148
I am the Owner and Founder of MultiPath Counseling LLC. I am an LCSW with 12+ years experience with Mental Health and provide Telehealth Services along with In-office therapy appointments. I have worked in many different Mental Health Settings such as: Residential, IBHS, Drug and Alcohol, and Community Based. Call me to discuss your needs! I also incorporate traditional counseling sessions with Equine Assisted Activities. EAP is an option and is offered at an offsite location (only in Spring / Summer months)!
I am the Owner and Founder of MultiPath Counseling LLC. I am an LCSW with 12+ years experience with Mental Health and provide Telehealth Services along with In-office therapy appointments. I have worked in many different Mental Health Settings such as: Residential, IBHS, Drug and Alcohol, and Community Based. Call me to discuss your needs! I also incorporate traditional counseling sessions with Equine Assisted Activities. EAP is an option and is offered at an offsite location (only in Spring / Summer months)!
(724) 201-3547 View (724) 201-3547
Photo of Hava Weber, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hava Weber
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16501
Hey everyone! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Masters degree in Addictions Counseling at Walden University. I've been in the behavioral health field since 2007 in several different capacities. I work with adults age 18 and over. I've worked with individuals who've had all different diagnoses and from all walks of life.
Hey everyone! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Masters degree in Addictions Counseling at Walden University. I've been in the behavioral health field since 2007 in several different capacities. I work with adults age 18 and over. I've worked with individuals who've had all different diagnoses and from all walks of life.
(484) 613-3375 View (484) 613-3375
Photo of Katie Gentile, LPC, ATR-BC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie Gentile
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16502  (Online Only)
You are deserving of peace and happiness. Often times life has a way of throwing us challenges that feel overwhelming and unmanageable. These challenges can make us feel alone, stressed, and unsupported. These feelings tend to stay with us even when we are separated from the challenge itself and leak into other aspects of our life. This then prevents us from focusing on other important life events and the challenges we face may become all-consuming. This can feel as though you are not present and are missing out on the simple joy’s life can bring. You are not alone.
You are deserving of peace and happiness. Often times life has a way of throwing us challenges that feel overwhelming and unmanageable. These challenges can make us feel alone, stressed, and unsupported. These feelings tend to stay with us even when we are separated from the challenge itself and leak into other aspects of our life. This then prevents us from focusing on other important life events and the challenges we face may become all-consuming. This can feel as though you are not present and are missing out on the simple joy’s life can bring. You are not alone.
(484) 309-5071 View (484) 309-5071
Photo of Lynn Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lynn Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16501  (Online Only)
I am a therapist who specializes in Addiction Recovery, Anxiety and Depressive Disorders. I prefer a Biopsychosocial approach to therapy. I recognize that past trauma, maladaptive thought patterns and environment contribute greatly to how we perceive others and how we "show up" in the world. My job is to challenge thought patterns and support growth while clients empower themselves to make change and develop strategies to improve circumstances.
I am a therapist who specializes in Addiction Recovery, Anxiety and Depressive Disorders. I prefer a Biopsychosocial approach to therapy. I recognize that past trauma, maladaptive thought patterns and environment contribute greatly to how we perceive others and how we "show up" in the world. My job is to challenge thought patterns and support growth while clients empower themselves to make change and develop strategies to improve circumstances.
(484) 978-8210 View (484) 978-8210
Photo of Keri Hamberg, MEd, LAPC, Counselor
Keri Hamberg
Counselor, MEd, LAPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allison Park, PA 15101
Struggling self-esteem, depression, or anxiety? Are social skills a challenge? What about ADHD or high functioning autism? As a parent, school counselor, and therapist, I know how difficult it can be to find counseling that kids WANT to go to that actually FITS into our busy schedule. That's why at Happy Tails Counseling, we provide engaging canine-assisted counseling sessions that go to you - whether at school, church, or a doctor's office. By utilizing a client's interest in animals, the body's natural oxytocin release during animal-human interactions, and CBT techniques, counseling at Happy Tails is fun and effective.
Struggling self-esteem, depression, or anxiety? Are social skills a challenge? What about ADHD or high functioning autism? As a parent, school counselor, and therapist, I know how difficult it can be to find counseling that kids WANT to go to that actually FITS into our busy schedule. That's why at Happy Tails Counseling, we provide engaging canine-assisted counseling sessions that go to you - whether at school, church, or a doctor's office. By utilizing a client's interest in animals, the body's natural oxytocin release during animal-human interactions, and CBT techniques, counseling at Happy Tails is fun and effective.
(412) 547-9016 View (412) 547-9016
Photo of Taylor Kyle, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Taylor Kyle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wexford, PA 15090
Accepting new clients! Imagine stepping into a space where you’re free to be 100% yourself—no filters, no pretenses, just you. Imagine unmasking from external pressures and standards to unleash your full potential and create a life you love. A life that actually feels good, and doesn't just look good on the outside. A life that feels authentic and aligned with who you truly are. I believe in the transformative power of authentic connection and community, and I’m committed to fostering an environment where we can both celebrate your uniqueness and build a meaningful therapeutic relationship.
Accepting new clients! Imagine stepping into a space where you’re free to be 100% yourself—no filters, no pretenses, just you. Imagine unmasking from external pressures and standards to unleash your full potential and create a life you love. A life that actually feels good, and doesn't just look good on the outside. A life that feels authentic and aligned with who you truly are. I believe in the transformative power of authentic connection and community, and I’m committed to fostering an environment where we can both celebrate your uniqueness and build a meaningful therapeutic relationship.
(412) 663-3546 View (412) 663-3546
Photo of Crystal Parish - Crystal Parish, LPC -PA Center for Change , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Crystal Parish, LPC -PA Center for Change
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cranberry Township, PA 16066
Change can come in many forms in our lives. It might come suddenly like a tidal wave, or gradually like a slow dripping leak. It might come in the form of devastating tragedy, difficult choices, broken relationships, or even new opportunities. Although change can be extremely hard, it can also be extremely necessary. Experiencing anything great in life requires us to challenge ourselves to push past our comfort zones. However, we oftentimes avoid change out of fear of the unknown, or self-doubt. Other times, we don’t realize the need for change until we experience pain.
Change can come in many forms in our lives. It might come suddenly like a tidal wave, or gradually like a slow dripping leak. It might come in the form of devastating tragedy, difficult choices, broken relationships, or even new opportunities. Although change can be extremely hard, it can also be extremely necessary. Experiencing anything great in life requires us to challenge ourselves to push past our comfort zones. However, we oftentimes avoid change out of fear of the unknown, or self-doubt. Other times, we don’t realize the need for change until we experience pain.
(724) 390-6257 View (724) 390-6257
Photo of Maria G Day Solutions Et Al Inc, MS, LPC, CACD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maria G Day Solutions Et Al Inc
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CACD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16507  (Online Only)
My goal is to help guide people in discovering their innate strengths in finding solutions to their struggles. Whether you are struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, adapting to life and/or situational changes or feeling like you lost yourself in taking care of others....I offer a place of non judgment, and support alternative therapies.
My goal is to help guide people in discovering their innate strengths in finding solutions to their struggles. Whether you are struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, adapting to life and/or situational changes or feeling like you lost yourself in taking care of others....I offer a place of non judgment, and support alternative therapies.
(814) 546-5511 x26 View (814) 546-5511 x26
Photo of Rebecca Austin, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Austin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Wexford, PA 15090
Are you struggling with overwhelming emotions or persistent negative thoughts? Maybe you're finding it hard to express your needs to loved ones, or you're feeling stuck in a cycle of anxiety and depression. I primarily focus on treating anxiety, depression, & mood disorders while also supporting clients with coping skills development, life transitions, substance use, & relationship issues. My focus is to help you regain control over your emotions, find lasting relief from emotional distress, and achieve a sense of inner peace and happiness.
Are you struggling with overwhelming emotions or persistent negative thoughts? Maybe you're finding it hard to express your needs to loved ones, or you're feeling stuck in a cycle of anxiety and depression. I primarily focus on treating anxiety, depression, & mood disorders while also supporting clients with coping skills development, life transitions, substance use, & relationship issues. My focus is to help you regain control over your emotions, find lasting relief from emotional distress, and achieve a sense of inner peace and happiness.
(724) 623-3008 View (724) 623-3008
Photo of Alicia Norman, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alicia Norman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Butler, PA 16001
It is really important to me to build a relationship with my clients and develop a healthy, therapeutic alliance with them so we are working together to reach their goals. I believe each individual is unique and important and created to be just who they are, and it's important to be inclusive and meet the client where they are at in their walk. My goal is to help them be the healthiest, happiest version of themselves they can be.
It is really important to me to build a relationship with my clients and develop a healthy, therapeutic alliance with them so we are working together to reach their goals. I believe each individual is unique and important and created to be just who they are, and it's important to be inclusive and meet the client where they are at in their walk. My goal is to help them be the healthiest, happiest version of themselves they can be.
(412) 643-3297 View (412) 643-3297
Photo of Nicholas P. Lembke, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nicholas P. Lembke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16501  (Online Only)
Welcome. My name in Nick and it's a pleasure to meet you. I have my Master's degree in Mental Health Counseling and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My practice is located in Erie, Pennsylvania. An area I’ve called home for 20+ years. I have been in the mental health field since 2005 and obtained my LPC in 2016. I have experience in treating anxiety, depression, anger, relationships, men’s issues, LGBTQ+, self-understanding, and more.
Welcome. My name in Nick and it's a pleasure to meet you. I have my Master's degree in Mental Health Counseling and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My practice is located in Erie, Pennsylvania. An area I’ve called home for 20+ years. I have been in the mental health field since 2005 and obtained my LPC in 2016. I have experience in treating anxiety, depression, anger, relationships, men’s issues, LGBTQ+, self-understanding, and more.
(814) 869-7145 View (814) 869-7145
Photo of Melissa Bargar, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Bargar
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Erie, PA 16506
(Accepting clients with daytime availability) Hello! My name is Melissa and I am a National Certified Counselor and LPC. I have 13 years of experience in the mental health field with 8 of those years providing outpatient therapy at a local agency serving primarily children, adolescents, and their families. I enjoy working primarily with adolescents (14+) and adults dealing with life stressors, relationship concerns, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and emotional regulation issues. Allow me to help you on your journey as you build upon your strengths and learn skills to effectively manage your mental well being.
(Accepting clients with daytime availability) Hello! My name is Melissa and I am a National Certified Counselor and LPC. I have 13 years of experience in the mental health field with 8 of those years providing outpatient therapy at a local agency serving primarily children, adolescents, and their families. I enjoy working primarily with adolescents (14+) and adults dealing with life stressors, relationship concerns, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and emotional regulation issues. Allow me to help you on your journey as you build upon your strengths and learn skills to effectively manage your mental well being.
(814) 212-5301 View (814) 212-5301

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in West Springfield, PA

< 10

Therapists in West Springfield, PA who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Domestic Abuse
100% Grief
100% Parenting
100% Psychosis

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in West Springfield, PA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in West Springfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.