Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists in Warminster, PA

Photo of Beth Bloom, MS, LPC, C-DBT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Beth Bloom
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974
I have experience with Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
A client who has come to seek assistance with their issues is someone I would welcome into session. I have worked with varied issues over my career, including PTSD, ADHD, Schizophrenia and personality disorders. I have worked with adults, children and adolescents and goals are chosen by the client. I believe most are seeking a safe place to express their feelings and address concerns they are having.
I have experience with Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
A client who has come to seek assistance with their issues is someone I would welcome into session. I have worked with varied issues over my career, including PTSD, ADHD, Schizophrenia and personality disorders. I have worked with adults, children and adolescents and goals are chosen by the client. I believe most are seeking a safe place to express their feelings and address concerns they are having.
(215) 631-8711 View (215) 631-8711
Photo of Anne P. Johnson, MA, ATR, Pre-Licensed Professional
Anne P. Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, ATR
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974
If you are motivated to come in for Mental Health treatment but words are too difficult to express, then the non-verbal modalities of Art and Play Therapy are the perfect treatment choice. Anne Johnson helps children, teens and adults use art to express themselves until they are ready to express their emotions verbally. Anne's primary focus of treatment intervention is Expressive Therapy with an Art Therapy specialty. Another mode of therapy Anne provides for individuals is Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). This therapy is ideal when people need skills to empower themselves to be as effective as they can be in their lives.
If you are motivated to come in for Mental Health treatment but words are too difficult to express, then the non-verbal modalities of Art and Play Therapy are the perfect treatment choice. Anne Johnson helps children, teens and adults use art to express themselves until they are ready to express their emotions verbally. Anne's primary focus of treatment intervention is Expressive Therapy with an Art Therapy specialty. Another mode of therapy Anne provides for individuals is Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). This therapy is ideal when people need skills to empower themselves to be as effective as they can be in their lives.
(267) 394-9567 View (267) 394-9567
Photo of Tracey Beth Katz, LCSW, CPHM, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tracey Beth Katz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CPHM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warminster, PA 18974  (Online Only)
I have been trained in the modality of cognitive behavioral therapy and more recently I completed an intensive training in dialectical behavior therapy.
I am a practicing social worker of 20 years with my LCSW and experience in behavioral health, substance abuse, neuroscience, telemetry, end of life, crisis and trauma. I have worked in several settings to include residential, inpatient medical and behavioral and out patient. I believe therapy is about a joining of client and therapist that requires trust and a non judgmental therapeutic alliance. My objective is to help you find your own voice, reach your your potential and succeed by using treatment methods that are best suited to your reasons for seeking treatment.
I have been trained in the modality of cognitive behavioral therapy and more recently I completed an intensive training in dialectical behavior therapy.
I am a practicing social worker of 20 years with my LCSW and experience in behavioral health, substance abuse, neuroscience, telemetry, end of life, crisis and trauma. I have worked in several settings to include residential, inpatient medical and behavioral and out patient. I believe therapy is about a joining of client and therapist that requires trust and a non judgmental therapeutic alliance. My objective is to help you find your own voice, reach your your potential and succeed by using treatment methods that are best suited to your reasons for seeking treatment.
(267) 360-0185 View (267) 360-0185
Photo of Lyndsey Hansen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lyndsey Hansen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974
Treatment is unique to the individual using developmentally appropriate techniques such as CBT, DBT, and/or play therapy aimed at building coping skills and fostering resilience.
Today’s teens and young adults are juggling endless expectations. The overwhelming demands of school, work, relationships, social media, and unexpected life events can feel so heavy at times. It is human to respond with negative thoughts, strong emotions, or changes in behavior that are not reflections of the best version of yourself. Remember: asking for help through therapy reveals how capable and courageous you truly are. If you’re experiencing depression, anxiety, ADHD, grief, a history of trauma, or family conflict, you can trust that healing is within reach. My role is to hold a safe, nurturing space for you along the way.
Treatment is unique to the individual using developmentally appropriate techniques such as CBT, DBT, and/or play therapy aimed at building coping skills and fostering resilience.
Today’s teens and young adults are juggling endless expectations. The overwhelming demands of school, work, relationships, social media, and unexpected life events can feel so heavy at times. It is human to respond with negative thoughts, strong emotions, or changes in behavior that are not reflections of the best version of yourself. Remember: asking for help through therapy reveals how capable and courageous you truly are. If you’re experiencing depression, anxiety, ADHD, grief, a history of trauma, or family conflict, you can trust that healing is within reach. My role is to hold a safe, nurturing space for you along the way.
(267) 209-3652 View (267) 209-3652
Photo of Michael Rodriguez - Handspring Health (Insurance Accepted!, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael Rodriguez - Handspring Health (Insurance Accepted!
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974  (Online Only)
Handspring is a modern mental health clinic that provides personalized, evidence-based behavioral care for children, adolescents, and young adults. We currently serve children ages 10-18 and young adults ages 18-24 who are looking for treatment for anxiety, depression, or behavioral difficulties. Our therapeutic approaches include CBT, DBT, organizational skills training, behavior therapy, exposure & response prevention, and parent management training.
Handspring is a modern mental health clinic that provides personalized, evidence-based behavioral care for children, adolescents, and young adults. We currently serve children ages 10-18 and young adults ages 18-24 who are looking for treatment for anxiety, depression, or behavioral difficulties. Our therapeutic approaches include CBT, DBT, organizational skills training, behavior therapy, exposure & response prevention, and parent management training.
(267) 517-8715 View (267) 517-8715
Photo of Kathleen Shapiro, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathleen Shapiro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974  (Online Only)
My approach combines CBT, DBT, person centered, trauma informed, and solution-focused.
I have a Master’s Degree in Professional Clinical Counseling from La Salle University and hold credentials as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). I have worked in the field for 10 years and have worked with individuals with a wide range of challenges; including addiction, crisis management, anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. I have worked with adults 18 and older, but I believe any phase in life can be overwhelming without support or coping mechanisms.
My approach combines CBT, DBT, person centered, trauma informed, and solution-focused.
I have a Master’s Degree in Professional Clinical Counseling from La Salle University and hold credentials as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). I have worked in the field for 10 years and have worked with individuals with a wide range of challenges; including addiction, crisis management, anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. I have worked with adults 18 and older, but I believe any phase in life can be overwhelming without support or coping mechanisms.
(215) 999-7819 View (215) 999-7819
Photo of Stefanie Recchio, MS, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Stefanie Recchio
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warminster, PA 18974  (Online Only)
I utilize CBT, DBT and Motivational Interviewing in my work and tailor my approach to each person's individual needs.
I specialize in helping children, teens and adults struggling with anxiety, OCD, depression, and other challenges that prevent them from fully enjoying their lives. If you are looking for someone to help you or your child improve emotional regulation, develop healthy coping skills, or navigate life transitions, I will work to create a safe and inclusive space for you, where we can work on your goals together. Whether this is your first time looking for help or you have tried therapy in the past, my goal is to meet you where you are and support you through your healing journey.
I utilize CBT, DBT and Motivational Interviewing in my work and tailor my approach to each person's individual needs.
I specialize in helping children, teens and adults struggling with anxiety, OCD, depression, and other challenges that prevent them from fully enjoying their lives. If you are looking for someone to help you or your child improve emotional regulation, develop healthy coping skills, or navigate life transitions, I will work to create a safe and inclusive space for you, where we can work on your goals together. Whether this is your first time looking for help or you have tried therapy in the past, my goal is to meet you where you are and support you through your healing journey.
(267) 682-7285 View (267) 682-7285
Photo of Helene Burke, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Helene Burke
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974  (Online Only)
Thank you for considering me as your counselor. I have experience providing group, telephonic, online, and individual counseling to help individuals thrive, not just survive. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania. I focus on solution-oriented therapies to assist individuals in thriving beyond the challenges of Anxiety, Depression, Self-esteem, Self-acceptance, Coping skill development, Work stress, and Co-Occurring Disorders.
Thank you for considering me as your counselor. I have experience providing group, telephonic, online, and individual counseling to help individuals thrive, not just survive. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania. I focus on solution-oriented therapies to assist individuals in thriving beyond the challenges of Anxiety, Depression, Self-esteem, Self-acceptance, Coping skill development, Work stress, and Co-Occurring Disorders.
(215) 585-2674 View (215) 585-2674
Photo of Alexis R. Lee - Evergreen Counseling & Wellness, LPC, NCC, LCSW, LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Evergreen Counseling & Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974
Accepting New Clients as of July 2024 — Life can be challenging and it is our job to provide you with the tools to cope well with whatever difficulties/demands life may present to you. At Evergreen Counseling & Wellness, we tailor therapy to your needs and strengths to help you achieve realistic goals. We want you to feel you can handle whatever is thrown your way. We believe that establishing a healthy, supportive therapeutic relationship & providing an environment where you feel safe and able to openly express yourself without feeling judged is critical to heal and grow.
Accepting New Clients as of July 2024 — Life can be challenging and it is our job to provide you with the tools to cope well with whatever difficulties/demands life may present to you. At Evergreen Counseling & Wellness, we tailor therapy to your needs and strengths to help you achieve realistic goals. We want you to feel you can handle whatever is thrown your way. We believe that establishing a healthy, supportive therapeutic relationship & providing an environment where you feel safe and able to openly express yourself without feeling judged is critical to heal and grow.
(215) 642-8058 View (215) 642-8058
Photo of Hannah Fox, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hannah Fox
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974
Humans are products of their environments. In fact, you can tell a lot about a person as they unravel the dimensions of their early family life. Our thoughts mediate everything and carry into our daily experience. I aim to help you identify, explore, and challenge yourself to aid in the journey of becoming the best version of you. Successful clients gain a sense of empowerment, take control of their life, and discern failure as opportunity for success. I have experience with children, adolescents, & adults suffering from OCD, ADHD, BPD, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, ODD, codependency, and interpersonal conflicts.
Humans are products of their environments. In fact, you can tell a lot about a person as they unravel the dimensions of their early family life. Our thoughts mediate everything and carry into our daily experience. I aim to help you identify, explore, and challenge yourself to aid in the journey of becoming the best version of you. Successful clients gain a sense of empowerment, take control of their life, and discern failure as opportunity for success. I have experience with children, adolescents, & adults suffering from OCD, ADHD, BPD, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, ODD, codependency, and interpersonal conflicts.
(215) 608-5471 View (215) 608-5471
Photo of Erin Austin, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erin Austin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974
I believe that life can be difficult to navigate, and everyone has their own personal story or journey to tell sometimes we just need a safe space for it. I try to place the utmost importance on treating everyone as an individual and understanding what they are personally and individually dealing with at that time. In supporting clients with guidance and empathy in a non-judgmental environment to process these areas of need in order to better cope is not only helpful but paramount to dealing with whatever life might or has thrown your way.
I believe that life can be difficult to navigate, and everyone has their own personal story or journey to tell sometimes we just need a safe space for it. I try to place the utmost importance on treating everyone as an individual and understanding what they are personally and individually dealing with at that time. In supporting clients with guidance and empathy in a non-judgmental environment to process these areas of need in order to better cope is not only helpful but paramount to dealing with whatever life might or has thrown your way.
(215) 234-1307 View (215) 234-1307
Photo of Amanda Smith, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974
I specialize in the treatment of mood disorders, anxiety, trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, relational conflict, struggles in parenting, and attachment concerns. I have worked with clients around adoption and relational loss and am passionate about working with adults and teens experiencing intense emotions. I have a diverse background, having worked with children, adolescents, adults and whole families, survivors of domestic violence and sexual abuse, and at-risk youth. I am a member of the ACA and the Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Issues in Counseling, and take special interest in supporting the LGBTQ+ community.
I specialize in the treatment of mood disorders, anxiety, trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, relational conflict, struggles in parenting, and attachment concerns. I have worked with clients around adoption and relational loss and am passionate about working with adults and teens experiencing intense emotions. I have a diverse background, having worked with children, adolescents, adults and whole families, survivors of domestic violence and sexual abuse, and at-risk youth. I am a member of the ACA and the Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Issues in Counseling, and take special interest in supporting the LGBTQ+ community.
(267) 991-8884 View (267) 991-8884
Photo of Lauren DeSouza, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren DeSouza
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974
Sometimes life challenges can be difficult to cope with and making a choice to seek therapy can be scary in itself. Each person is unique in their own way, and I recognize the importance of "meeting you where you are at." I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I specialize in treating adolescents and adults struggling with Addiction, Co-Occurring Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Mood Disorders, and Adjustment/Transition difficulties.
Sometimes life challenges can be difficult to cope with and making a choice to seek therapy can be scary in itself. Each person is unique in their own way, and I recognize the importance of "meeting you where you are at." I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I specialize in treating adolescents and adults struggling with Addiction, Co-Occurring Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Mood Disorders, and Adjustment/Transition difficulties.
(215) 977-4471 View (215) 977-4471
Photo of Emily Elizabeth Torp, MA, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily Elizabeth Torp
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18991  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I understand that it's not always easy to seek support. Maybe asking for help feels like you somehow failed. Admitting defeat. Or maybe the whole process of finding a therapist just feels too daunting. Whatever the case, you're here. And in taking this step you are demonstrating, in actuality, your resourcefulness and strength. You are showcasing your willingness to invest in yourself. Perhaps you're struggling with connecting with others, feeling burned out, stressed, or anxious, or can't seem to get through the day with ease. Let's explore the terrain together and work to reconnect to the aspects of life you value the most.
I understand that it's not always easy to seek support. Maybe asking for help feels like you somehow failed. Admitting defeat. Or maybe the whole process of finding a therapist just feels too daunting. Whatever the case, you're here. And in taking this step you are demonstrating, in actuality, your resourcefulness and strength. You are showcasing your willingness to invest in yourself. Perhaps you're struggling with connecting with others, feeling burned out, stressed, or anxious, or can't seem to get through the day with ease. Let's explore the terrain together and work to reconnect to the aspects of life you value the most.
(215) 883-8011 View (215) 883-8011
Photo of Nicole J Ricchetti, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nicole J Ricchetti
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warminster, PA 18974
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 19 years experience with clients. I consider it a privilege to work with clients seeking individual, couples, and or family therapy. I assist couples primarily in improving their communication and understanding of each other. Negative interaction patterns are assessed to get to the root of the issues, and attentiveness towards each other in ways they feel loved is increased. Clients present with depression, anxiety, life transition issues, grief, low self esteem, stress, & parenting issues. I've worked with women on improving self care/love, confidence, & setting healthy boundaries
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 19 years experience with clients. I consider it a privilege to work with clients seeking individual, couples, and or family therapy. I assist couples primarily in improving their communication and understanding of each other. Negative interaction patterns are assessed to get to the root of the issues, and attentiveness towards each other in ways they feel loved is increased. Clients present with depression, anxiety, life transition issues, grief, low self esteem, stress, & parenting issues. I've worked with women on improving self care/love, confidence, & setting healthy boundaries
(215) 642-8246 View (215) 642-8246
Photo of Sara Cecchini, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sara Cecchini
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974
Sara Cecchini is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2012. She has a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Immaculata University. Sara utilizes an open-minded, non-judgmental approach to help clients express themselves and determine what interventions will help them feel comfortable and successful. In her free time, Sara enjoys playing with her children and dog and watching all types of sports.
Sara Cecchini is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2012. She has a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Immaculata University. Sara utilizes an open-minded, non-judgmental approach to help clients express themselves and determine what interventions will help them feel comfortable and successful. In her free time, Sara enjoys playing with her children and dog and watching all types of sports.
(215) 647-0258 View (215) 647-0258
Photo of Ashlyn Parks, MS, MT-BC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ashlyn Parks
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MT-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Warminster, PA 18974  (Online Only)
I believe that each and every person is worthy of unconditional love and support. By taking the time to seek out services for yourself, you are showing an incredible amount of courage and strength. I have experience working with adolescents and adults across the lifespan. I have professional experience working with: mood disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders, complex and single-event trauma, emotional neglect or maltreatment, nervous system dysregulation and panic, neurodivergency, human sexuality questions and concerns, LGBTQIA2+, gender identity, and substance use. You will always be respected and validated in this space.
I believe that each and every person is worthy of unconditional love and support. By taking the time to seek out services for yourself, you are showing an incredible amount of courage and strength. I have experience working with adolescents and adults across the lifespan. I have professional experience working with: mood disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders, complex and single-event trauma, emotional neglect or maltreatment, nervous system dysregulation and panic, neurodivergency, human sexuality questions and concerns, LGBTQIA2+, gender identity, and substance use. You will always be respected and validated in this space.
(267) 878-3097 View (267) 878-3097
Photo of Mary Kate Brosnan, MA , LPC, NCC, R-DMT
Mary Kate Brosnan
MA , LPC, NCC, R-DMT
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974
Waitlist for new clients
It is my objective to support an individual in the process of focusing on health and well-being to embrace personal strength and empowerment. It is through the therapeutic process we will identify your capacity, with your own unique resourcefulness and resiliency, to assemble and promote positive change in daily life. I have worked in various levels of care within the field of counseling and can attest to the power that therapy can have in a person's life whether the challenges be situational or more persistent.
It is my objective to support an individual in the process of focusing on health and well-being to embrace personal strength and empowerment. It is through the therapeutic process we will identify your capacity, with your own unique resourcefulness and resiliency, to assemble and promote positive change in daily life. I have worked in various levels of care within the field of counseling and can attest to the power that therapy can have in a person's life whether the challenges be situational or more persistent.
(267) 337-7864 View (267) 337-7864
Photo of Matthew M Sniscak, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Matthew M Sniscak
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Warminster, PA 18974  (Online Only)
Have you ever felt as though it was hard to ask for help, whether it was with something small that happens in life, or perhaps when more complicated situations arise? What about when those distressing thoughts just “pop” into your mind, and the uncomfortable feelings occur? It can be very uncomfortable, and even exhausting, to try to cope with those thoughts and feelings. Maybe you’ve fallen into some habits that you would like to talk about and understand better, or even change but are unsure about how to start. Or maybe you’re going through a significant loss or a change. Do you feel like you just aren’t yourself these days?
Have you ever felt as though it was hard to ask for help, whether it was with something small that happens in life, or perhaps when more complicated situations arise? What about when those distressing thoughts just “pop” into your mind, and the uncomfortable feelings occur? It can be very uncomfortable, and even exhausting, to try to cope with those thoughts and feelings. Maybe you’ve fallen into some habits that you would like to talk about and understand better, or even change but are unsure about how to start. Or maybe you’re going through a significant loss or a change. Do you feel like you just aren’t yourself these days?
(215) 712-8956 View (215) 712-8956
Photo of Ebony Graves, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ebony Graves
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warminster, PA 18991  (Online Only)
Congrats on taking the big step to do something different! Are you someone who struggles with feeling anxious? Does most of your day consist of completing compulsions due to obsessions? Do you often find that you are barely making it through the day? Are you wanting to take your life back from intrusive thoughts, feeling down, and putting on a face for others? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I would love to work with you! I find great joy in helping others achieve their highest fulfillment and look forward to helping you live a happier life. I enjoy motivating and supporting my clients through their journey.
Congrats on taking the big step to do something different! Are you someone who struggles with feeling anxious? Does most of your day consist of completing compulsions due to obsessions? Do you often find that you are barely making it through the day? Are you wanting to take your life back from intrusive thoughts, feeling down, and putting on a face for others? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I would love to work with you! I find great joy in helping others achieve their highest fulfillment and look forward to helping you live a happier life. I enjoy motivating and supporting my clients through their journey.
(215) 709-3690 View (215) 709-3690
1
Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists

Who is DBT for?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?

The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behavior and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?

Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behavior, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?

Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioral change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behavior; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.