Art Therapy in Sewickley, PA

Photo of Jannette Travali, MSCP, MPH, MS, NCC/LPC, RDN/LDN, CEDS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jannette Travali
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, MPH, MS, NCC/LPC, RDN/LDN, CEDS
Verified Verified
Sewickley, PA 15143
I am a Psychotherapist, Nutrition Therapist & Exercise Physiologist. With the Client/Therapist Relationship at CORE, I provide Individualized, Integrative Care: Eating Disorders, Trauma, Mood, Relationships, Transitions -acknowledging & encouraging growth of diverse values &/or needs, I use an Eclectic Therapeutic Approach –including Person-Centered, Mindfulness, Expressive ( art, music, movement, writing), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), CBT, RO-DBT, Existential, Narrative, Gestalt, Motivational Interviewing, Positive Psychology, Nutrition Therapy –Intuitive Eating/HAES (Health at Any Size) & Medical Nutrition Therapy.
I am a Psychotherapist, Nutrition Therapist & Exercise Physiologist. With the Client/Therapist Relationship at CORE, I provide Individualized, Integrative Care: Eating Disorders, Trauma, Mood, Relationships, Transitions -acknowledging & encouraging growth of diverse values &/or needs, I use an Eclectic Therapeutic Approach –including Person-Centered, Mindfulness, Expressive ( art, music, movement, writing), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), CBT, RO-DBT, Existential, Narrative, Gestalt, Motivational Interviewing, Positive Psychology, Nutrition Therapy –Intuitive Eating/HAES (Health at Any Size) & Medical Nutrition Therapy.
(724) 320-1816 View (724) 320-1816
Photo of Bryan Leleski - Bright Beginnings Counseling and Tutoring, LPC, MSEd, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bright Beginnings Counseling and Tutoring
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sewickley, PA 15143  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I can help. In these challenging times, it's important to have a person and place for support; a place where your voice is truly heard. At Bright Beginnings Counseling and Tutoring LLC, I understand the art of listening and guidance.
I can help. In these challenging times, it's important to have a person and place for support; a place where your voice is truly heard. At Bright Beginnings Counseling and Tutoring LLC, I understand the art of listening and guidance.
(878) 881-1861 View (878) 881-1861
Melissa Galiotto EMDR Cert.
LPC, NCC, EMDR , Cert
Verified Verified
Sewickley, PA 15143
Some modalities include (Internal) Family Systems, EMDR, Gestalt, Existential, Family Systems, CBT, DBT, Mindfulness, and Art Tx.
I welcome working with anyone interested in the therapy process regardless of their issues or goals. There are many options for coping skills such as from EMDR/IFS (emdria certified); Gestalt, Existential, DBT, CBT and Mindfulness. Past/ current clients have worked through generational trauma, disordered eating, sexual assault, family and/ or marital concerns, trauma, depression and anxiety, attention deficit, career and direction of life concerns. It is common to struggle with the first step of reaching out to a provider.. typically people feel relief once they start talking to and then selecting a provider.
Some modalities include (Internal) Family Systems, EMDR, Gestalt, Existential, Family Systems, CBT, DBT, Mindfulness, and Art Tx.
I welcome working with anyone interested in the therapy process regardless of their issues or goals. There are many options for coping skills such as from EMDR/IFS (emdria certified); Gestalt, Existential, DBT, CBT and Mindfulness. Past/ current clients have worked through generational trauma, disordered eating, sexual assault, family and/ or marital concerns, trauma, depression and anxiety, attention deficit, career and direction of life concerns. It is common to struggle with the first step of reaching out to a provider.. typically people feel relief once they start talking to and then selecting a provider.
(412) 888-0452 View (412) 888-0452
Photo of Kristen Lundquist Mahosky - The Heights Counseling and Wellness, LLC, LPC, NCC, CCTP, CEMDR, RYT, Counselor
The Heights Counseling and Wellness, LLC
Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP, CEMDR, RYT
Verified Verified
Sewickley, PA 15143
At The Heights Counseling and Wellness, we understand that the process of wellness can often be a daunting journey. It can feel like you are alone, climbing uphill, without the necessary support to keep moving forward. ​Whether it's seeking individual counseling during challenging times; desiring to begin a journey of wellness; or looking to support your staff, The Heights Counseling and Wellness will customize services to your unique needs. At The Heights we offer a variety of services all under one roof, including counseling and psychotherapy, wellness coaching, yoga, fitness & nutrition training, and wellness workshops.
At The Heights Counseling and Wellness, we understand that the process of wellness can often be a daunting journey. It can feel like you are alone, climbing uphill, without the necessary support to keep moving forward. ​Whether it's seeking individual counseling during challenging times; desiring to begin a journey of wellness; or looking to support your staff, The Heights Counseling and Wellness will customize services to your unique needs. At The Heights we offer a variety of services all under one roof, including counseling and psychotherapy, wellness coaching, yoga, fitness & nutrition training, and wellness workshops.
(202) 831-2463 View (202) 831-2463
Photo of Julie Weston, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julie Weston
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Sewickley, PA 15143
At various times throughout life one may find themselves out of alignment, facing challenges, feeling off and not quite themself. I can assist you in identifying the underlying defenses, core beliefs, and patterns of behavior that hold you back; leaving you feeling stuck and creating challenges. In my role I offer a safe, supportive, non judgmental space to express what has been held in and discover inner strength to implement realistic positive change.
At various times throughout life one may find themselves out of alignment, facing challenges, feeling off and not quite themself. I can assist you in identifying the underlying defenses, core beliefs, and patterns of behavior that hold you back; leaving you feeling stuck and creating challenges. In my role I offer a safe, supportive, non judgmental space to express what has been held in and discover inner strength to implement realistic positive change.
(724) 604-4935 View (724) 604-4935
Photo of Stephen Luther - Grace Wellness Center, MSEd, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Grace Wellness Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Sewickley, PA 15143
We are a group of Christian Counselors who treat clients of all ages through Biblical truth and the healing power of God's grace. We integrate the best from the discipline of psychology with Christian counseling to help people find peace and contentment. We have counselors who specialize in addictions, attachment and trauma issues, grief, relationships, children, parenting, depression, anxiety and most other issues. Our organization has several centers throughout western PA. Please visit our website to see if we have a location that will meet your needs. www.thegracewellnesscenter.com
We are a group of Christian Counselors who treat clients of all ages through Biblical truth and the healing power of God's grace. We integrate the best from the discipline of psychology with Christian counseling to help people find peace and contentment. We have counselors who specialize in addictions, attachment and trauma issues, grief, relationships, children, parenting, depression, anxiety and most other issues. Our organization has several centers throughout western PA. Please visit our website to see if we have a location that will meet your needs. www.thegracewellnesscenter.com
(724) 414-1549 View (724) 414-1549
Photo of Teresa Beshai, LPC, MALS, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teresa Beshai
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MALS, NCC
Verified Verified
Sewickley, PA 15143
Are you concerned about your child's social interactions? I am a licensed professional counselor who has worked for private, nonprofit, and governmental facilities in both outpatient and residential behavioral settings. I specialize in child/adolescent and young adult behavioral health. From my multifaceted background, I have learned techniques that promote self- discovery with a fun approach to counseling. I specialize in child/adolescent ADHD, anxiety, depression, and impulse control. As a mother, I understand the blessings and challenges of parenthood. I can help to reduce tantrums and promote healthy relationships. Ready for a fresh start?
Are you concerned about your child's social interactions? I am a licensed professional counselor who has worked for private, nonprofit, and governmental facilities in both outpatient and residential behavioral settings. I specialize in child/adolescent and young adult behavioral health. From my multifaceted background, I have learned techniques that promote self- discovery with a fun approach to counseling. I specialize in child/adolescent ADHD, anxiety, depression, and impulse control. As a mother, I understand the blessings and challenges of parenthood. I can help to reduce tantrums and promote healthy relationships. Ready for a fresh start?
(412) 438-8693 View (412) 438-8693
Photo of Beth Blinn - Grace Counseling Services, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Grace Counseling Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sewickley, PA 15143
"We Are Currently Accepting New Clients". We offer counseling with Licensed therapists as well as Post Masters therapists. We provide a faith-based, holistic and systemic approach in a therapeutic environment. Each therapist is willing to come alongside individuals, couples and families in need. Practice standards are aligned with American Association of Christian Counselors as well as our licensed therapists are part of the AAMFT.
"We Are Currently Accepting New Clients". We offer counseling with Licensed therapists as well as Post Masters therapists. We provide a faith-based, holistic and systemic approach in a therapeutic environment. Each therapist is willing to come alongside individuals, couples and families in need. Practice standards are aligned with American Association of Christian Counselors as well as our licensed therapists are part of the AAMFT.
(724) 315-3061 View (724) 315-3061
Photo of Megan Dami, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Megan Dami
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Sewickley, PA 15189
Megan is a Licensed Professional Counselor who earned her Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Waynesburg University in 2018 and has been in the field with a variety of populations, for almost a decade overall. She has spent time working in community agencies, inpatient, and outpatient settings over the past several years. Megan has specialized over time in helping individuals with anxiety, depression, PTSD, self-esteem issues, and self-destructive behaviors, to name a few.
Megan is a Licensed Professional Counselor who earned her Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Waynesburg University in 2018 and has been in the field with a variety of populations, for almost a decade overall. She has spent time working in community agencies, inpatient, and outpatient settings over the past several years. Megan has specialized over time in helping individuals with anxiety, depression, PTSD, self-esteem issues, and self-destructive behaviors, to name a few.
(412) 538-6018 View (412) 538-6018

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Christine Ruberti-Bruning, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christine Ruberti-Bruning
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allegheny, PA 15212
Art therapy allows us to explore our emotions in a way that might feel safer, and may help find new perspectives about ourselves.
It can be hard to face our feelings, and sometimes challenging to put them into words. Our deepest, most painful experiences can be overwhelming and scary. I’m here to hold a safe space to help you work through whatever issue that is troubling you. My aim as a therapist is to help you find ways to heal and access a more authentic self. I will help you find your strengths, and guide you through areas in your life that need change. If you are struggling with an eating disorder, disordered eating, body image concerns or chronic dieting, I would love to help.
Art therapy allows us to explore our emotions in a way that might feel safer, and may help find new perspectives about ourselves.
It can be hard to face our feelings, and sometimes challenging to put them into words. Our deepest, most painful experiences can be overwhelming and scary. I’m here to hold a safe space to help you work through whatever issue that is troubling you. My aim as a therapist is to help you find ways to heal and access a more authentic self. I will help you find your strengths, and guide you through areas in your life that need change. If you are struggling with an eating disorder, disordered eating, body image concerns or chronic dieting, I would love to help.
(484) 388-4141 View (484) 388-4141
Photo of Ann Marie Powell - Heal With Creativity LLC, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, Art Therapist
Heal With Creativity LLC
Art Therapist, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
My practice offers an art studio space, relaxation room, family and group room, as well as traditional individual therapy treatment areas.
Everyone doesn't think or feel in the same way, we all have our own journey and our own way of experiencing life obstacles. As a licensed and board certified Art Therapist, as well as Licensed Professional Counselor, I will help guide you and your family through your process of healing using creative approaches tailored to fit your specific needs.
My practice offers an art studio space, relaxation room, family and group room, as well as traditional individual therapy treatment areas.
Everyone doesn't think or feel in the same way, we all have our own journey and our own way of experiencing life obstacles. As a licensed and board certified Art Therapist, as well as Licensed Professional Counselor, I will help guide you and your family through your process of healing using creative approaches tailored to fit your specific needs.
(724) 292-7009 View (724) 292-7009
Photo of Jennifer Eldridge, PhD, Psychologist
Jennifer Eldridge
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wexford, PA 15090
Our office staff is warm and caring, and our therapists are 100% devoted to the art and science of healing.
I enjoy working with children, adolescents, families, and adults (preschool-age 80+). I am fortunate to have helped individuals over the past 20+ years as they strive to overcome life's challenges and access life's joys. While a variety of therapy techniques that I am trained in can be of value, clients and I select the ones that they find to be most helpful to them personally. I primarily see clients who are experiencing depression, anxiety, divorce, school/work and family problems, ADHD, Autism, childhood issues, and processing past traumatic or stressful life events.
Our office staff is warm and caring, and our therapists are 100% devoted to the art and science of healing.
I enjoy working with children, adolescents, families, and adults (preschool-age 80+). I am fortunate to have helped individuals over the past 20+ years as they strive to overcome life's challenges and access life's joys. While a variety of therapy techniques that I am trained in can be of value, clients and I select the ones that they find to be most helpful to them personally. I primarily see clients who are experiencing depression, anxiety, divorce, school/work and family problems, ADHD, Autism, childhood issues, and processing past traumatic or stressful life events.
(724) 397-3040 View (724) 397-3040
Photo of Katie O'Connor, MA, LPC, ATR-BC, CCLS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie O'Connor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR-BC, CCLS
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15202
Therefore, as a certified art therapist, I also offer art therapy interventions and other approaches to assist clients in expressing themselves.
Welcome! Taking the first step in seeking therapy can be daunting, so I am glad you're here. The ups and downs of life can be complicated, unpredictable and challenging to navigate so I believe finding a therapist shouldn't be. I strive to meet my clients where they're at in their own process, to be transparent, to design individualized goals, and to support clients navigating life's challenges through a creative, compassionate, and collaborative approach to therapy.
Therefore, as a certified art therapist, I also offer art therapy interventions and other approaches to assist clients in expressing themselves.
Welcome! Taking the first step in seeking therapy can be daunting, so I am glad you're here. The ups and downs of life can be complicated, unpredictable and challenging to navigate so I believe finding a therapist shouldn't be. I strive to meet my clients where they're at in their own process, to be transparent, to design individualized goals, and to support clients navigating life's challenges through a creative, compassionate, and collaborative approach to therapy.
(412) 465-6299 View (412) 465-6299
Photo of Casey Harvilla, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Casey Harvilla
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15212
While my specialization is in art therapy, I am also trained in traditional counseling and will work with you to decide what will best support you and your treatment goals.
Life can be chaotic, overwhelming, and leave us feeling stuck or questioning what to do next. These feelings can be difficult to describe and process on our own, and you shouldn’t feel alone in your journey. As a Registered and Board Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I am trained in using art making and creativity within the therapeutic process to serve as an option when words are not enough. My therapeutic approach is tailored to meet you where you are in your healing process and provide you with the tools to reclaim the chaos in your life and begin experiencing life the way you deserve.
While my specialization is in art therapy, I am also trained in traditional counseling and will work with you to decide what will best support you and your treatment goals.
Life can be chaotic, overwhelming, and leave us feeling stuck or questioning what to do next. These feelings can be difficult to describe and process on our own, and you shouldn’t feel alone in your journey. As a Registered and Board Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I am trained in using art making and creativity within the therapeutic process to serve as an option when words are not enough. My therapeutic approach is tailored to meet you where you are in your healing process and provide you with the tools to reclaim the chaos in your life and begin experiencing life the way you deserve.
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Photo of Sarafina Arthur-Williams - Intentional Simplicity LLC, MA
Intentional Simplicity LLC
MA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15205  (Online Only)
Our decolonized, strength-based therapies, integrate positive psychology, art therapy, mindfulness, and spirituality to foster authentic healing, resilience, and self-discovery.
Imagine carrying an invisible weight—the weight of feeling unseen, unheard, misunderstood. Perhaps you’re navigating systemic barriers, microaggressions, or struggling to feel fully accepted for who you are. Maybe you feel out of sync in a world that wasn’t built for you, constantly compartmentalizing parts of yourself to fit in. On the outside, you may seem “fine,” but inside, you’re yearning for wholeness, clarity, and the freedom to simply be.
Our decolonized, strength-based therapies, integrate positive psychology, art therapy, mindfulness, and spirituality to foster authentic healing, resilience, and self-discovery.
Imagine carrying an invisible weight—the weight of feeling unseen, unheard, misunderstood. Perhaps you’re navigating systemic barriers, microaggressions, or struggling to feel fully accepted for who you are. Maybe you feel out of sync in a world that wasn’t built for you, constantly compartmentalizing parts of yourself to fit in. On the outside, you may seem “fine,” but inside, you’re yearning for wholeness, clarity, and the freedom to simply be.
(412) 547-5675 View (412) 547-5675
Photo of Maura Eagan, LPC, ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maura Eagan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15229
I also believe that art therapy can be a powerful tool in deepening the therapy experience to visually process feelings that may not be easy to put into words.
I am passionate about helping individuals identify and overcome recurring patterns that may have developed early in life as a mechanism of coping, but are now creating issues in everyday life. I operate from a compassionate, collaborative and non-judgmental place to meet you where you are and help identify any barriers that are preventing you from reaching your full potential and living as your most authentic self. I work primarily with adolescents and adults.
I also believe that art therapy can be a powerful tool in deepening the therapy experience to visually process feelings that may not be easy to put into words.
I am passionate about helping individuals identify and overcome recurring patterns that may have developed early in life as a mechanism of coping, but are now creating issues in everyday life. I operate from a compassionate, collaborative and non-judgmental place to meet you where you are and help identify any barriers that are preventing you from reaching your full potential and living as your most authentic self. I work primarily with adolescents and adults.
(412) 534-6076 View (412) 534-6076
Photo of Jennifer Eldridge - Dr. Eldridge & Associates, PhD, LCSW, LPC, Psychologist
Dr. Eldridge & Associates
Psychologist, PhD, LCSW, LPC
Verified Verified
Wexford, PA 15090
These modes include family therapy, individual therapy, art and play therapy, EMDR, among other therapeutic approaches.
We are accepting new clients (In-Person and Telehealth). We have a small, welcoming group practice consisting of therapists with many years of experience and a broad range of expertise in treating children, adolescents, and adults. Our therapists understand and work with individuals from all walks of life and enjoy assisting them with their mental health goals. Together we develop a treatment plan that best fits our clients’ needs and desires for living a better life. Our office is comfortable and home-like in its furnishings and decor. Our therapists are licensed in Ohio and West Virginia as well as Pennsylvania.
These modes include family therapy, individual therapy, art and play therapy, EMDR, among other therapeutic approaches.
We are accepting new clients (In-Person and Telehealth). We have a small, welcoming group practice consisting of therapists with many years of experience and a broad range of expertise in treating children, adolescents, and adults. Our therapists understand and work with individuals from all walks of life and enjoy assisting them with their mental health goals. Together we develop a treatment plan that best fits our clients’ needs and desires for living a better life. Our office is comfortable and home-like in its furnishings and decor. Our therapists are licensed in Ohio and West Virginia as well as Pennsylvania.
(724) 573-3713 View (724) 573-3713
Photo of Denise C Haver, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Denise C Haver
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
I believe therapy is the process of getting to know and like yourself better. By looking inward, we discover how we support or undermine ourselves with thoughts, feelings, habitual body patterns and behaviors born out of pain and trauma. We start to distinguish our authentic self from who we think we need to be. When we have more information about ourself and more freedom to be authentic, we can then begin to make changes to better support ourself and create a life that is fulfilling.
I believe therapy is the process of getting to know and like yourself better. By looking inward, we discover how we support or undermine ourselves with thoughts, feelings, habitual body patterns and behaviors born out of pain and trauma. We start to distinguish our authentic self from who we think we need to be. When we have more information about ourself and more freedom to be authentic, we can then begin to make changes to better support ourself and create a life that is fulfilling.
(412) 339-1430 View (412) 339-1430
Photo of Nicki Cardilli, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nicki Cardilli
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Wexford, PA 15090
I am accepting clients in office/telehealth. With over two decades of experience in the mental health field, I have worked with children, teens and adults individually and with their families. I feel that my background working in inpatient, outpatient, residential and in-home settings enables me to help a variety of clients from all walks of life and backgounds in a relaxed and friendly atmosphere. My clinical approach most often includes Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT.) I believe in drawing on individual and family strengths.
I am accepting clients in office/telehealth. With over two decades of experience in the mental health field, I have worked with children, teens and adults individually and with their families. I feel that my background working in inpatient, outpatient, residential and in-home settings enables me to help a variety of clients from all walks of life and backgounds in a relaxed and friendly atmosphere. My clinical approach most often includes Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT.) I believe in drawing on individual and family strengths.
(724) 200-8612 View (724) 200-8612
Photo of Kim Burdick, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kim Burdick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Wexford, PA 15090
I focus on trauma, depression, anxiety, attachment difficulties, & relationship/family issues. My ideal client would be open to change and exploring more positive ways to see themselves. My ideal client would be someone that values our time together and is present for sessions. My ideal client would be someone who can reflect from within and be willing to do the work, with a sincere desire to change their lifestyle. This client would be flexible and willing to see the other side of the coin, exploring the past and delving into the present.
I focus on trauma, depression, anxiety, attachment difficulties, & relationship/family issues. My ideal client would be open to change and exploring more positive ways to see themselves. My ideal client would be someone that values our time together and is present for sessions. My ideal client would be someone who can reflect from within and be willing to do the work, with a sincere desire to change their lifestyle. This client would be flexible and willing to see the other side of the coin, exploring the past and delving into the present.
(724) 997-4397 View (724) 997-4397
Art Therapy

How does art therapy work?

The process of making art allows people to express themselves. Art-making can take many forms, such as painting, collage, or sculpting. The therapist asks questions that the work elicits, such as how the person felt while creating their piece, or if any memories surfaced that they can discuss. The therapist will then work with the patient to process their experience, understand themselves better, and work toward change.

Does art therapy help with trauma?

Art therapy can be a valuable treatment option for those suffering from trauma. Traumatic experiences such as combat, rape, or childhood abuse can be so painful that articulating them can be too scary or painful; creating art allows people to express themselves without words, and tell their story in a different way. The physical nature of creating art can also help people feel rooted in the body, which may benefit those who feel disconnected from their body in the aftermath of trauma.

How long does art therapy last?

The duration of art therapy varies, but a common length for treatment is 10 to 15 weekly sessions. Some people may see improvement in just a few weeks, while others may choose to remain in therapy longer term. Patients should periodically discuss their goals with their therapist to make sure the two are aligned on process and progress.

What are the limitations of art therapy?

Art therapy is helpful for many people, but a limitation is that it doesn’t have as robust an evidence base as other forms of therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or acceptance and commitment therapy. The evidence on art therapy is mixed; some research demonstrates its benefits, while other research suggests that it has little impact on patients.