Therapists in Murrysville, PA

Photo of Nancy E. Campbell, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nancy E. Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15632  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, I am a mental health therapist with over 20 years of experience working with young adults, 18 and over, seeking treatment for anxiety, depression and eating disorders. Primarily I work with college students. both graduate and undergraduate, who seem to be a good fit. Treatment approaches include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), as well as eating disorder recovery techniques. I offer 1 hour Telehealth sessions and accept most major insurances. The best way to reach me is by email or text.
Hello, I am a mental health therapist with over 20 years of experience working with young adults, 18 and over, seeking treatment for anxiety, depression and eating disorders. Primarily I work with college students. both graduate and undergraduate, who seem to be a good fit. Treatment approaches include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), as well as eating disorder recovery techniques. I offer 1 hour Telehealth sessions and accept most major insurances. The best way to reach me is by email or text.
(520) 878-7857 View (520) 878-7857
Photo of Eliana Jorgensen, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Eliana Jorgensen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Murrysville, PA 15668
Life can often be overwhelming and emotionally draining. Creating an inclusive environment is at the core of my social work practice. It is imperative to me that my clients feel heard, valued, and respected for their unique experiences and perspectives. It is through this safe space that we can begin to address life’s challenges.
Life can often be overwhelming and emotionally draining. Creating an inclusive environment is at the core of my social work practice. It is imperative to me that my clients feel heard, valued, and respected for their unique experiences and perspectives. It is through this safe space that we can begin to address life’s challenges.
(724) 573-8014 View (724) 573-8014
Photo of Jennie Youell, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennie Youell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Murrysville, PA 15668  (Online Only)
Going through life, what we experience is only a small percentage of what is happening to us and a large majority of how we perceive it. If you're experiencing a life transition, anxiety, depression, parenting stressors, relationship concerns, career difficulties or trauma, I can provide therapy to help frame your thought process in a way that leads you to feeling your best. Sometimes all we need is to be validated in our feelings, other times we need challenges to see things a little differently. My goal is to figure out which works best for you so you are not facing these challenges alone.
Going through life, what we experience is only a small percentage of what is happening to us and a large majority of how we perceive it. If you're experiencing a life transition, anxiety, depression, parenting stressors, relationship concerns, career difficulties or trauma, I can provide therapy to help frame your thought process in a way that leads you to feeling your best. Sometimes all we need is to be validated in our feelings, other times we need challenges to see things a little differently. My goal is to figure out which works best for you so you are not facing these challenges alone.
(570) 676-2437 View (570) 676-2437
Photo of Katelyn Elliott - Wild Moon Counseling and Wellness, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Wild Moon Counseling and Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
I am an experienced counselor who treats a range of issues including anxiety, depression, stress management, relationship challenges and women's concerns. To me, healing is in the lessons that we uncover on the counseling journey. I believe you can be empowered by new awareness, and that everything you need is already within you, just waiting to be actualized. My approach to counseling is humanistic with a foundation in Existential Therapy.
I am an experienced counselor who treats a range of issues including anxiety, depression, stress management, relationship challenges and women's concerns. To me, healing is in the lessons that we uncover on the counseling journey. I believe you can be empowered by new awareness, and that everything you need is already within you, just waiting to be actualized. My approach to counseling is humanistic with a foundation in Existential Therapy.
(412) 545-6340 View (412) 545-6340
Photo of Rebecca Golden-Trist, LMFT, LPC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rebecca Golden-Trist
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
I believe in creating a safe environment where individuals are able to learn, grow, and change. I view my clients not only through the framework of their individual concerns but also in the context of greater social influences.
I believe in creating a safe environment where individuals are able to learn, grow, and change. I view my clients not only through the framework of their individual concerns but also in the context of greater social influences.
(724) 308-9248 View (724) 308-9248
Photo of Shelby Singleton - Pittsburgh Center for Integrative Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pittsburgh Center for Integrative Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Murrysville, PA 15668
We are an outpatient private practice made up of four licensed therapists. Our mission is to encourage individual and communal healing by staying at the forefront of the therapeutic field and offering the most up-to-date integrative therapy modalities – allowing us to provide the most effective care to every client seeking treatment. We strive to inspire integration in our client’s whole being by invigorating their brain, body, and spirit and encouraging healing across generations and communities. We are centered on our clients and seeing them in the fullness of their humanity–we do not see people as a diagnosis.
We are an outpatient private practice made up of four licensed therapists. Our mission is to encourage individual and communal healing by staying at the forefront of the therapeutic field and offering the most up-to-date integrative therapy modalities – allowing us to provide the most effective care to every client seeking treatment. We strive to inspire integration in our client’s whole being by invigorating their brain, body, and spirit and encouraging healing across generations and communities. We are centered on our clients and seeing them in the fullness of their humanity–we do not see people as a diagnosis.
(724) 558-8496 View (724) 558-8496
Photo of Amber Lee Rose-Smith, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amber Lee Rose-Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
Anxiety, depression, trauma, interpersonal struggles, and life transitions are just some of the issues we face daily that can hold us back from reaching our goals and our true selves. Children, teens, and young adults are exposed early on to enormous amounts of pressure like bullying, mood and behavior changes, and self esteem concerns. I am passionate about helping children, adolescents, and adults jump off the merry-go-round they're trapped on and create new, positive, and healthy ways to cope with life's unpredictable twists and turns or even feeling stuck in the same old. Allow me to understand you and ensure you have a voice.
Anxiety, depression, trauma, interpersonal struggles, and life transitions are just some of the issues we face daily that can hold us back from reaching our goals and our true selves. Children, teens, and young adults are exposed early on to enormous amounts of pressure like bullying, mood and behavior changes, and self esteem concerns. I am passionate about helping children, adolescents, and adults jump off the merry-go-round they're trapped on and create new, positive, and healthy ways to cope with life's unpredictable twists and turns or even feeling stuck in the same old. Allow me to understand you and ensure you have a voice.
(724) 604-5044 View (724) 604-5044
Photo of Elizabeth Dorosh, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Dorosh
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Murrysville, PA 15668
Anxiety is everywhere these days. We're all making our way through a sea of unknowns, and our children are along for the ride. I believe that YOU, a parent or caregiver, have been doing the very best that you can for your child. I also know that with limited resources, a lack of external support or your own mental health strain, supporting a struggling child often feels impossible. If you’ve exhausted a list of ideas to help your child with little progress, let me join you. Together we can redistribute that emotional weight you’re carrying and give your child a big wide space to heal and grow.
Anxiety is everywhere these days. We're all making our way through a sea of unknowns, and our children are along for the ride. I believe that YOU, a parent or caregiver, have been doing the very best that you can for your child. I also know that with limited resources, a lack of external support or your own mental health strain, supporting a struggling child often feels impossible. If you’ve exhausted a list of ideas to help your child with little progress, let me join you. Together we can redistribute that emotional weight you’re carrying and give your child a big wide space to heal and grow.
(724) 607-8051 View (724) 607-8051
Photo of Allyse Rindone, LPC, NCC, ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Allyse Rindone
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ATR
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
Participating in therapy can help individuals to be healthier, happier and improve their overall quality of life. The therapeutic setting is a great place to explore the connection between thoughts/feelings/behaviors, identify triggers/patterns, develop new coping skills, learn to improve interpersonal relationships, process trauma and loss, and increase self-awareness in order to become the very best version of one’s self. As an LPC and art therapist, I use an eclectic approach to therapy aimed at trying to align clients with interventions that fit best for them as individuals.
Participating in therapy can help individuals to be healthier, happier and improve their overall quality of life. The therapeutic setting is a great place to explore the connection between thoughts/feelings/behaviors, identify triggers/patterns, develop new coping skills, learn to improve interpersonal relationships, process trauma and loss, and increase self-awareness in order to become the very best version of one’s self. As an LPC and art therapist, I use an eclectic approach to therapy aimed at trying to align clients with interventions that fit best for them as individuals.
(724) 538-7693 x6 View (724) 538-7693 x6
Photo of Cynthia Byers - Byers Psychological Services, LLC, PhD, Psychologist
Byers Psychological Services, LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
Are you feeling lost or alone? Do you struggle with emotions of sadness, anxiety, or grief? Have you been physically or sexually abused or a victim of domestic violence? Maybe, you're feeling stuck or are struggling with a life transition and don't know where to turn? It can be hard to ask for help, but a little help is often what we need in order to connect with our own inner capacity to cope and heal. I have experience helping children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly to manage life's difficulties and work toward health, happiness, and acceptance.
Are you feeling lost or alone? Do you struggle with emotions of sadness, anxiety, or grief? Have you been physically or sexually abused or a victim of domestic violence? Maybe, you're feeling stuck or are struggling with a life transition and don't know where to turn? It can be hard to ask for help, but a little help is often what we need in order to connect with our own inner capacity to cope and heal. I have experience helping children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly to manage life's difficulties and work toward health, happiness, and acceptance.
(412) 376-4155 View (412) 376-4155
Photo of Theresa M. Lee, MSCP, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Theresa M. Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, LPC
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
Waitlist for new clients
Not accepting new clients at this time. It is my professional and personal belief that individuals do not heal in an environment of shame and guilt. For this reason, I strive to create a non-judgmental atmosphere where clients feel safe to discuss their issues in an open and productive way. My specialty areas are substance use disorders (addictions) and trauma. Guilt and shame are two feelings that are frequently felt by those who struggle with addictive issues, and for those who have experienced trauma. My goal is to help clients and their families understand their issues and work toward a better life.
Not accepting new clients at this time. It is my professional and personal belief that individuals do not heal in an environment of shame and guilt. For this reason, I strive to create a non-judgmental atmosphere where clients feel safe to discuss their issues in an open and productive way. My specialty areas are substance use disorders (addictions) and trauma. Guilt and shame are two feelings that are frequently felt by those who struggle with addictive issues, and for those who have experienced trauma. My goal is to help clients and their families understand their issues and work toward a better life.
(878) 205-0582 View (878) 205-0582
Photo of Laura Childress-Hazen - Journey Healthcare
Journey Healthcare
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
We put the "We" in Wellness for you are never on your own through your journey to recovery. Let us help you by providing treatment that will be life changing. . . .
We put the "We" in Wellness for you are never on your own through your journey to recovery. Let us help you by providing treatment that will be life changing. . . .
(878) 313-2538 x2 View (878) 313-2538 x2
Photo of Vania Brister, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Vania Brister
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Murrysville, PA 15668
I'm Vania Brister, and I've come to realize that this field found me, shaping my path in ways I couldn't have predicted. From childhood, I embraced my quiet nature, despite enduring teasing and shame for it. But through those experiences, I learned something invaluable: the power of listening. Being a quiet observer taught me that great listening requires silence, and the ability to understand and support others became my superpower. It brought me joy to be a source of support for family, friends, and even strangers. In my practice, I aim to create a safe haven where individuals and families can express themselves freely.
I'm Vania Brister, and I've come to realize that this field found me, shaping my path in ways I couldn't have predicted. From childhood, I embraced my quiet nature, despite enduring teasing and shame for it. But through those experiences, I learned something invaluable: the power of listening. Being a quiet observer taught me that great listening requires silence, and the ability to understand and support others became my superpower. It brought me joy to be a source of support for family, friends, and even strangers. In my practice, I aim to create a safe haven where individuals and families can express themselves freely.
(724) 278-8257 View (724) 278-8257
Blooming Expressions Therapy, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, AT, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Murrysville, PA 15668
At Blooming Expressions, we honor that each person has their own unique set of experiences and needs. We firmly believe in the power of fostering a therapeutic relationship built on trust and collaboration. Our therapists are committed to listening without judgment, providing guidance and support as individuals navigate through life's challenges. If you are seeking a therapy experience that values your unique identity and experiences, where equity, acceptance, and social justice are at the forefront, Blooming Expressions Therapy is here to accompany you on your journey of self-discovery and personal growth.
At Blooming Expressions, we honor that each person has their own unique set of experiences and needs. We firmly believe in the power of fostering a therapeutic relationship built on trust and collaboration. Our therapists are committed to listening without judgment, providing guidance and support as individuals navigate through life's challenges. If you are seeking a therapy experience that values your unique identity and experiences, where equity, acceptance, and social justice are at the forefront, Blooming Expressions Therapy is here to accompany you on your journey of self-discovery and personal growth.
(412) 785-2934 View (412) 785-2934
Photo of Chelsey Smail, PA-C
Chelsey Smail
PA-C
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
Supervised by Dr. Lutka, I am a Psychiatric Physician Assistant who had previously been working as a Hospitalist. Studying Internal Medicine, I saw first hand how our minds, bodies, and souls are so interwoven and the profound impact that each health component has on the others. For example, our physical health significantly impacts our mental health, and vice verses. Here at Journey Healthcare, we want to help you to utilize therapy in combination with medications, if necessary, to help you reach your most successful potential to lead a fulfilling and happy life.
Supervised by Dr. Lutka, I am a Psychiatric Physician Assistant who had previously been working as a Hospitalist. Studying Internal Medicine, I saw first hand how our minds, bodies, and souls are so interwoven and the profound impact that each health component has on the others. For example, our physical health significantly impacts our mental health, and vice verses. Here at Journey Healthcare, we want to help you to utilize therapy in combination with medications, if necessary, to help you reach your most successful potential to lead a fulfilling and happy life.
(878) 313-2118 x2 View (878) 313-2118 x2
Photo of Jessica Murray, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Murray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
Waitlist for new clients
I work with individuals, couples, and families who have experienced trauma as well as concerns related to depression, loss and grief, and anxiety. As a clinician, I hold safety as a non-negotiable imperative for the therapy space to be productive. I also encourage my clients to use the safe therapy space to lean into the discomfort required to make the changes that they wish to see in their lives.
I work with individuals, couples, and families who have experienced trauma as well as concerns related to depression, loss and grief, and anxiety. As a clinician, I hold safety as a non-negotiable imperative for the therapy space to be productive. I also encourage my clients to use the safe therapy space to lean into the discomfort required to make the changes that they wish to see in their lives.
(724) 202-0526 View (724) 202-0526
Photo of Jeanine Pearson - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668  (Online Only)
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(412) 960-8808 View (412) 960-8808
Photo of Kayla Mento, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kayla Mento
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Murrysville, PA 15668  (Online Only)
One of the bravest things you can do is to take a deep dive into understanding your story. Your story may be filled with emotional turmoil, trauma, and overwhelming anxiety on how you’ll be able to pull through to the other side. Take a deep breath, relax, and let’s rewrite your story together. I invite you to talk about the taboo things (no topic is off limits), become comfortable in your own skin, and take the journey with me through self-exploration to finally arrive at your authentic self.
One of the bravest things you can do is to take a deep dive into understanding your story. Your story may be filled with emotional turmoil, trauma, and overwhelming anxiety on how you’ll be able to pull through to the other side. Take a deep breath, relax, and let’s rewrite your story together. I invite you to talk about the taboo things (no topic is off limits), become comfortable in your own skin, and take the journey with me through self-exploration to finally arrive at your authentic self.
(412) 910-2083 View (412) 910-2083
Photo of James Swonick, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
James Swonick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Murrysville, PA 15668
Hello and welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with more than 8 years of experience in the field and I am looking to support YOU! My hope is to provide you with some insight and tools to make meaningful change in your life. Whatever obstacles you are facing, if it's the day-to-day challenges or something a bit deeper, you've come to the right place. My approach is rooted in evidence-based practices, including CBT, DBT, Motivational Interviewing, harm reduction strategies, exposure therapy, and reality testing. I believe in empowering you to take the lead in your own journey towards growth and healing.
Hello and welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with more than 8 years of experience in the field and I am looking to support YOU! My hope is to provide you with some insight and tools to make meaningful change in your life. Whatever obstacles you are facing, if it's the day-to-day challenges or something a bit deeper, you've come to the right place. My approach is rooted in evidence-based practices, including CBT, DBT, Motivational Interviewing, harm reduction strategies, exposure therapy, and reality testing. I believe in empowering you to take the lead in your own journey towards growth and healing.
(724) 573-3843 View (724) 573-3843
Photo of Tammy Fait - Tammy Fait, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tammy Fait
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
I am accepting new clients and couples therapy work. I am a authentic person in therapy with you. I am along with you on the path to change. Change is always frightening. Think about if you were not experiencing fear, what would you do? Who would you be if you were not ashamed or afraid or depressed? Be the change you desire in your life! Common Issues addressed in therapy: Creating healthy boundaries with relationships, communication and conflict, healing from painful and abusive relationships, identifying your own sense of self and your emotional needs, depression and anxiety.
I am accepting new clients and couples therapy work. I am a authentic person in therapy with you. I am along with you on the path to change. Change is always frightening. Think about if you were not experiencing fear, what would you do? Who would you be if you were not ashamed or afraid or depressed? Be the change you desire in your life! Common Issues addressed in therapy: Creating healthy boundaries with relationships, communication and conflict, healing from painful and abusive relationships, identifying your own sense of self and your emotional needs, depression and anxiety.
(724) 635-2527 View (724) 635-2527
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Murrysville, PA

90+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Murrysville, PA who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
92% Depression
82% Coping Skills
79% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Highmark
84% University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hea
73% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Murrysville, PA see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Murrysville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.