Gottman Method Therapists in Merion Station, PA

Photo of Teresa Thompson, LPC, ATR-BC, CBIS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teresa Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC, CBIS
Verified Verified
Merion Station, PA 19066
I have completed Level 3 of Gottman Method training and use this as a primary approach when working with couples.
Are you feeling stuck? I help clients feel seen, understood and empowered to create change in their lives and relationships. I see my role in the therapeutic relationship as a catalyst to help increase awareness and trust to support freedom of expression, insight, and healing. In therapy sessions, I work in collaboration with individuals and couples to identify areas that are inhibiting quality of life and focus on building existing strengths and new skills. I believe that each individual is an expert in their own lives and has the strengths and potential to actualize the change they want to see.
I have completed Level 3 of Gottman Method training and use this as a primary approach when working with couples.
Are you feeling stuck? I help clients feel seen, understood and empowered to create change in their lives and relationships. I see my role in the therapeutic relationship as a catalyst to help increase awareness and trust to support freedom of expression, insight, and healing. In therapy sessions, I work in collaboration with individuals and couples to identify areas that are inhibiting quality of life and focus on building existing strengths and new skills. I believe that each individual is an expert in their own lives and has the strengths and potential to actualize the change they want to see.
(484) 443-2257 View (484) 443-2257
Photo of Sarah Halpern, JD, LMFT, CST, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sarah Halpern
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
Merion Station, PA 19066
If you are reading this, you have already begun your journey towards transformation. Change happens from the inside out. It starts with a desire or longing for something in your life to be different. If you are single or in a relationship and looking for enhanced connection with another or greater understanding of yourself, I would be honored to work with you, beside you and support you in the process of growth, healing and discovery.
If you are reading this, you have already begun your journey towards transformation. Change happens from the inside out. It starts with a desire or longing for something in your life to be different. If you are single or in a relationship and looking for enhanced connection with another or greater understanding of yourself, I would be honored to work with you, beside you and support you in the process of growth, healing and discovery.
(610) 981-1554 View (610) 981-1554
Photo of Carly Chodosh, MSS, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carly Chodosh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Merion Station, PA 19066
Just because you carry it well, doesn't mean it isn't heavy. You deserve more than just being seen. The world is a scary and ever-changing place. Dealing with uncertainty, transition, and challenges puts stress on relationships, and on personal values. Curiosity, mindfulness, and a dialectical approach makes it possible to find meaning, and even pleasure, in some of the most bleak situations, with the right support.
Just because you carry it well, doesn't mean it isn't heavy. You deserve more than just being seen. The world is a scary and ever-changing place. Dealing with uncertainty, transition, and challenges puts stress on relationships, and on personal values. Curiosity, mindfulness, and a dialectical approach makes it possible to find meaning, and even pleasure, in some of the most bleak situations, with the right support.
(484) 214-2795 View (484) 214-2795
Photo of Katherine Cullen - Juniper Therapeutic Services, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Juniper Therapeutic Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Merion Station, PA 19066  (Online Only)
I welcome inquiries from individuals and couples seeking to improve their emotion regulation, communication skills, relationships; process difficult emotions and memories; increase their coping, time and stress management skills; and bolster their sleep hygiene and health. I am particularly open to working with people who feel stifled by the current political climate, those who fear being (or have been) silenced or "cancelled," as well as persons of faith. I am licensed to practice in the states of Maine, New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania.
I welcome inquiries from individuals and couples seeking to improve their emotion regulation, communication skills, relationships; process difficult emotions and memories; increase their coping, time and stress management skills; and bolster their sleep hygiene and health. I am particularly open to working with people who feel stifled by the current political climate, those who fear being (or have been) silenced or "cancelled," as well as persons of faith. I am licensed to practice in the states of Maine, New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania.
(332) 263-4289 View (332) 263-4289
Photo of Lydia (Fehintola) Lawson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lydia (Fehintola) Lawson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Merion Station, PA 19066
Lydia (Fehintola) Lawson is a Marriage and Family Therapist who creates a warm and calm environment so her clients can show up as their authentic selves. Seeking therapy is rarely an easy one, so whatever reason you are seeking therapy, Lydia cares about making sure you will feel seen, heard, and understood. By using a strengths-based approach it allows her clients to feel validated and that much more empowered to live and lead the lives they desire. Lydia believes healing is a journey and is passionate about meeting her clients where they are.
Lydia (Fehintola) Lawson is a Marriage and Family Therapist who creates a warm and calm environment so her clients can show up as their authentic selves. Seeking therapy is rarely an easy one, so whatever reason you are seeking therapy, Lydia cares about making sure you will feel seen, heard, and understood. By using a strengths-based approach it allows her clients to feel validated and that much more empowered to live and lead the lives they desire. Lydia believes healing is a journey and is passionate about meeting her clients where they are.
(215) 709-3103 View (215) 709-3103

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jennifer Denholm, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Denholm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
I have expertise in individual, family and couples therapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic psychotherapy and Gottman Method couples therapy.
I believe that change happens within the context of a safe, trusting therapeutic relationship. Whether you're struggling with relationships, managing worries or navigating a life transition, therapy can help. I work to create a supportive, collaborative space to empower my clients to create positive change in their lives.
I have expertise in individual, family and couples therapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic psychotherapy and Gottman Method couples therapy.
I believe that change happens within the context of a safe, trusting therapeutic relationship. Whether you're struggling with relationships, managing worries or navigating a life transition, therapy can help. I work to create a supportive, collaborative space to empower my clients to create positive change in their lives.
(484) 222-4957 View (484) 222-4957
Photo of Teisha Brown, NCC, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teisha Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
As such, I use various approaches, including Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Humanistic Therapy, EMDR, Person-Centered, & Gottman Method for couples therapy.
Are you… feeling irritable, sad, and withdrawn; worried and stressed; having issues in your relationships or marriage; struggling with substances that may seem to have a hold on you and creating more life problems; feeling “stuck” and unable to let go of past experiences; dealing with the loss of a loved one; having difficulty adjusting to changes in life; feeling out of control; or here because you have a desire to gain greater self-awareness? If your answer is “yes” to any of the above, then you’re in the right place. Take a deep breath, know that you’re not alone and I am here to help!
As such, I use various approaches, including Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Humanistic Therapy, EMDR, Person-Centered, & Gottman Method for couples therapy.
Are you… feeling irritable, sad, and withdrawn; worried and stressed; having issues in your relationships or marriage; struggling with substances that may seem to have a hold on you and creating more life problems; feeling “stuck” and unable to let go of past experiences; dealing with the loss of a loved one; having difficulty adjusting to changes in life; feeling out of control; or here because you have a desire to gain greater self-awareness? If your answer is “yes” to any of the above, then you’re in the right place. Take a deep breath, know that you’re not alone and I am here to help!
(215) 650-8105 View (215) 650-8105
Photo of Dejah Harley, LPC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dejah Harley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Additionally, I use a combination of the Gottman Method and Emotion Focused Couples therapy when working with couples.
I know firsthand how challenging it can be to experience anxiety, depression, loss, eating disorders and trauma. I know how hard it can be to move out of a shame/guilt spiral, reevaluate your relationships and everything you’ve known about your life so far. I know what it’s like to suffer with something alone and feeling terrified to share it with anyone else from fear of being misunderstood, rejected, shamed, etc.
Additionally, I use a combination of the Gottman Method and Emotion Focused Couples therapy when working with couples.
I know firsthand how challenging it can be to experience anxiety, depression, loss, eating disorders and trauma. I know how hard it can be to move out of a shame/guilt spiral, reevaluate your relationships and everything you’ve known about your life so far. I know what it’s like to suffer with something alone and feeling terrified to share it with anyone else from fear of being misunderstood, rejected, shamed, etc.
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Photo of Milena A. Rossius, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Milena A. Rossius
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wynnewood, PA 19096  (Online Only)
I have experience helping cuples work through their problems utilizing CBT and Gottman Method that integrate evidence based interventions.
I am very gentle, nonjudgmental therpist and offer safe space for exploring your thoughsts, feelings, experiences. No matter what is happening in you life I can help you access your inner peace. You will see that you can live well when life gets tough. Most of us keep telling ourselves that when our life shows up in a new or different way, then inner peace will finally be ours. There is a way to live in the world that is more enlightened than this. You can learn to get relief from difficult thoughts, calm yourself when life upsets you, handle wild emotions easily, treat yourself with radical
I have experience helping cuples work through their problems utilizing CBT and Gottman Method that integrate evidence based interventions.
I am very gentle, nonjudgmental therpist and offer safe space for exploring your thoughsts, feelings, experiences. No matter what is happening in you life I can help you access your inner peace. You will see that you can live well when life gets tough. Most of us keep telling ourselves that when our life shows up in a new or different way, then inner peace will finally be ours. There is a way to live in the world that is more enlightened than this. You can learn to get relief from difficult thoughts, calm yourself when life upsets you, handle wild emotions easily, treat yourself with radical
(610) 638-6786 View (610) 638-6786
Photo of Johanna Stieg - Johanna Stieg, LCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Johanna Stieg, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ardmore, PA 19003
I also practice Gottman Method couples therapy.
SLOTS open NOW! Many of my clients come seeking clarity on why they feel the way they feel, what's getting in the way of their goals, and how they have established patterns of relating that do not serve them. Others struggle with long-term mental health issues, trauma or crisis. I work with clients to solve problems and diminish symptoms by exploring the roots of their troubles. Through my training and careful listening, I empower my clients to create lasting change in their lives through the insight we gain together while providing a safe space to connect and experience relief.
I also practice Gottman Method couples therapy.
SLOTS open NOW! Many of my clients come seeking clarity on why they feel the way they feel, what's getting in the way of their goals, and how they have established patterns of relating that do not serve them. Others struggle with long-term mental health issues, trauma or crisis. I work with clients to solve problems and diminish symptoms by exploring the roots of their troubles. Through my training and careful listening, I empower my clients to create lasting change in their lives through the insight we gain together while providing a safe space to connect and experience relief.
(347) 215-3175 View (347) 215-3175
Photo of Jenna Spitz, MSS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jenna Spitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19139
I draw from Internal Family Systems (IFS), Mindfulness, Attachment, Somatics, and the Gottman Method.
First of all: you have the potential to thrive and feel supported. Your experiences and perspectives are huge assets going into therapy. I help my clients overcome fear and navigate conflict, uncertainty, change, and loss. My approach is creative, deeply compassionate, and rooted in relationship. With humor and warmth, I'll help you show up authentically for yourself, your loved ones, and your communities. Together, we’ll work through the complexities of your relationships, break unhelpful patterns, and heal the wounds that could be holding you back from finding personal growth and pleasure in your daily life.
I draw from Internal Family Systems (IFS), Mindfulness, Attachment, Somatics, and the Gottman Method.
First of all: you have the potential to thrive and feel supported. Your experiences and perspectives are huge assets going into therapy. I help my clients overcome fear and navigate conflict, uncertainty, change, and loss. My approach is creative, deeply compassionate, and rooted in relationship. With humor and warmth, I'll help you show up authentically for yourself, your loved ones, and your communities. Together, we’ll work through the complexities of your relationships, break unhelpful patterns, and heal the wounds that could be holding you back from finding personal growth and pleasure in your daily life.
(215) 608-0413 View (215) 608-0413
Photo of Robert Gervasi, LAPC, MS, EDTC, Counselor
Robert Gervasi
Counselor, LAPC, MS, EDTC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
As a therapist, I aim to create a welcoming and collaborative space for all to feel safe and supported in creating positive change and becoming the best version of themselves. I work with children, teens, adults, and couples to navigate the ups and downs of life. My passions lie in working with folks in the Queer Community and clients with Eating Disorders and disordered eating behaviors. As a certified professional in treating Eating Disorders (EDTC), I have a passion for working with this population and their families to strive for health, happiness, and recovery.
As a therapist, I aim to create a welcoming and collaborative space for all to feel safe and supported in creating positive change and becoming the best version of themselves. I work with children, teens, adults, and couples to navigate the ups and downs of life. My passions lie in working with folks in the Queer Community and clients with Eating Disorders and disordered eating behaviors. As a certified professional in treating Eating Disorders (EDTC), I have a passion for working with this population and their families to strive for health, happiness, and recovery.
(610) 819-5682 View (610) 819-5682
Photo of Allisha Minor-Gaines - Minor Inspirations LLC, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Minor Inspirations LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Welcome! I’m the founder and CEO of Minor Inspirations LLC bringing over 21 years of experience in the field of Psychology & Social Work including as a Marriage & Family Therapist. I offer private-pay therapy sessions along with documentation for insurance reimbursement. My services are tailored to your unique needs, aiming to strengthen relationships, achieve mental stability, and foster meaningful change.
Welcome! I’m the founder and CEO of Minor Inspirations LLC bringing over 21 years of experience in the field of Psychology & Social Work including as a Marriage & Family Therapist. I offer private-pay therapy sessions along with documentation for insurance reimbursement. My services are tailored to your unique needs, aiming to strengthen relationships, achieve mental stability, and foster meaningful change.
(484) 209-9809 View (484) 209-9809
Photo of Elliot Elbaum, LAPC, MA
Elliot Elbaum
Associate Professional Counselor, LAPC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Penn Valley, PA 19072
Seeking help is a courageous and commendable step. Because of that, my goal is to set you up for success by fostering an authentic & nonjudgmental environment in which you feel safe to participate in the counseling process. Using traditional psychotherapy, evidence-based interventions, with a dash of humor sprinkled in, I aim to meet you where you are at to address the concerns that are important to you. I work with adults of all ages and specialize in working with older teens and the emerging adult population
Seeking help is a courageous and commendable step. Because of that, my goal is to set you up for success by fostering an authentic & nonjudgmental environment in which you feel safe to participate in the counseling process. Using traditional psychotherapy, evidence-based interventions, with a dash of humor sprinkled in, I aim to meet you where you are at to address the concerns that are important to you. I work with adults of all ages and specialize in working with older teens and the emerging adult population
(610) 938-6977 View (610) 938-6977
Photo of Richard S. Stern, PhD, Psychologist
Richard S. Stern
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004  (Online Only)
I specialize in care for children, teens, young adults, and families: 1) Building cooperation and openness in place of defiance and lying; 2) Cultivating self-control in place of tantrums and aggression; 3) Fostering contentment and self-confidence in place of sadness and worry; and 4) Developing genuine closeness in place of clinging and irritability. I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience addressing core relational issues of protection, loyalty, authority, trust, fairness, and forgiveness. I help families heal from generational wounds and allow children develop appropriate individuation, using the secure base of a trusting parent-child relationship.
I specialize in care for children, teens, young adults, and families: 1) Building cooperation and openness in place of defiance and lying; 2) Cultivating self-control in place of tantrums and aggression; 3) Fostering contentment and self-confidence in place of sadness and worry; and 4) Developing genuine closeness in place of clinging and irritability. I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience addressing core relational issues of protection, loyalty, authority, trust, fairness, and forgiveness. I help families heal from generational wounds and allow children develop appropriate individuation, using the secure base of a trusting parent-child relationship.
(215) 995-3015 View (215) 995-3015
Photo of Pamela Kelberg - Pam Kelberg, LCSW, CST Certified Sex Therapist , MSSW, LCSW, CST, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pam Kelberg, LCSW, CST Certified Sex Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW, CST
Verified Verified
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Do you desire closeness and greater intimacy with your partner or spouse? Do you want to improve communication and avoid arguments? Is your sexual relationship tense? I am a licensed clinical social worker with 20 years experience specializing in relationship counseling and sex therapy. I help couples learn how to best listen and communicate needs clearly so that you and your partner can feel close again. I have been told that I am keenly in tune with my clients. I understand that seeking therapy, although not always an easy decision is a wonderful opportunity to restore your relationship with your partner/spouse or family member.
Do you desire closeness and greater intimacy with your partner or spouse? Do you want to improve communication and avoid arguments? Is your sexual relationship tense? I am a licensed clinical social worker with 20 years experience specializing in relationship counseling and sex therapy. I help couples learn how to best listen and communicate needs clearly so that you and your partner can feel close again. I have been told that I am keenly in tune with my clients. I understand that seeking therapy, although not always an easy decision is a wonderful opportunity to restore your relationship with your partner/spouse or family member.
(267) 544-9992 View (267) 544-9992
Photo of Tracy Wood - Main Line Relationship Center, MEd, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Main Line Relationship Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
Verified Verified
Narberth, PA 19072
You want to see the "best" therapist, but with 2200 + of us in Montgomery County alone, how do you begin? For help narrowing the field, read "How do I find the best therapist?" by visiting my website's FAQ page. As a PA-licensed psychotherapist, I've been helping clients improve their lives for more than 20 years. Through insight and skills acquisition, my goal is to get you out of therapy and back to enjoying your life. Bring your concerns, goals, strengths, and humor. We'll figure out the rest together.
You want to see the "best" therapist, but with 2200 + of us in Montgomery County alone, how do you begin? For help narrowing the field, read "How do I find the best therapist?" by visiting my website's FAQ page. As a PA-licensed psychotherapist, I've been helping clients improve their lives for more than 20 years. Through insight and skills acquisition, my goal is to get you out of therapy and back to enjoying your life. Bring your concerns, goals, strengths, and humor. We'll figure out the rest together.
(215) 995-0227 View (215) 995-0227
Photo of Kathryn (Kathy) E. Angell, PhD, Psychologist
Kathryn (Kathy) E. Angell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004  (Online Only)
Do you have intrusive thoughts? no energy? a lot of fights with your partner? too much stress? problems sleeping? a lot of distress and you don't know why? traumatic events that really bother you? or just feel really down? Regardless of the source of your distress, I would like to help you. I have specialized expertise in top-rated individual and couples therapy approaches that science has demonstrated to be effective: Cognitive Behavior Therapy for depression, anxiety, eating disorders and insomnia (CBT, CBT-E, CBT-I), Exposure Response-Prevention (ERP, ExRP) for OCD; Prolonged Exposure (PE),for trauma, & Gottman Couples Therapy.
Do you have intrusive thoughts? no energy? a lot of fights with your partner? too much stress? problems sleeping? a lot of distress and you don't know why? traumatic events that really bother you? or just feel really down? Regardless of the source of your distress, I would like to help you. I have specialized expertise in top-rated individual and couples therapy approaches that science has demonstrated to be effective: Cognitive Behavior Therapy for depression, anxiety, eating disorders and insomnia (CBT, CBT-E, CBT-I), Exposure Response-Prevention (ERP, ExRP) for OCD; Prolonged Exposure (PE),for trauma, & Gottman Couples Therapy.
(610) 347-5273 View (610) 347-5273
Photo of David Steinberg - David Steinberg, PhD, LCSW, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Steinberg, PhD, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manayunk, PA 19127
Your feelings and experiences are unique. You may need a supportive presence to help you explore and affirm your core values, or perhaps you need to be challenged? I can help you find ways to improve the way you feel about yourself, and how you negotiate relationships in love and work. In spite of our super-connected high-tech world, modern life can be fraught with feelings of isolation and loneliness. Everything you need to know in order to live life to its fullest is already inside of you. Let me help you make deeper contact with yourself and others. Pick up the phone and make call me now to get started.
Your feelings and experiences are unique. You may need a supportive presence to help you explore and affirm your core values, or perhaps you need to be challenged? I can help you find ways to improve the way you feel about yourself, and how you negotiate relationships in love and work. In spite of our super-connected high-tech world, modern life can be fraught with feelings of isolation and loneliness. Everything you need to know in order to live life to its fullest is already inside of you. Let me help you make deeper contact with yourself and others. Pick up the phone and make call me now to get started.
(215) 798-0829 View (215) 798-0829
Photo of Adrienne Hermes, LPC, C-DBT, CYT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Adrienne Hermes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, C-DBT, CYT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Manayunk, PA 19127
Trauma impacts us all differently. You may find yourself struggling to find your sense of self, losing your footing in relationships, find difficulty getting through daily activities, feel withdrawn, isolated, anxious or depressed. All of this might happen despite successes or strengths in your life and efforts. Just because it is that way now, it doesn’t mean it has to be or that it will be this way forever. There are a variety of trauma informed practices that we can cater to your unique experiences and goals. Trauma therapy does not have to be a re-exposure to painful memories for you to heal and move on.
Trauma impacts us all differently. You may find yourself struggling to find your sense of self, losing your footing in relationships, find difficulty getting through daily activities, feel withdrawn, isolated, anxious or depressed. All of this might happen despite successes or strengths in your life and efforts. Just because it is that way now, it doesn’t mean it has to be or that it will be this way forever. There are a variety of trauma informed practices that we can cater to your unique experiences and goals. Trauma therapy does not have to be a re-exposure to painful memories for you to heal and move on.
(215) 398-6298 View (215) 398-6298

See more therapy options for Merion Station

Gottman Method Therapists

How does the Gottman method work?

One of the core doctrines of the Gottman method is that negative emotions hurt relationships about five times more than positive emotions help them. Thus, couples require five times more positive interactions than negative interactions with each other. The therapist will guide clients on how to improve communication and understanding of each other to manage conflict and have their emotional needs met. The therapist will also advise couples on how to repair relations with each other when conflict arises, and therefore avoid lasting damage.

Is the Gottman method evidence-based?

Yes, this method is an evidence-based approach to couples therapy. The method is based on more than 40 years of research by Drs. John and Julie Gottman, the psychologists who developed the method. The Gottmans analyzed decades of data to draw conclusions about what types of interactions are likely to lead to specific results, and which interventions are most likely to lead to success. Studies have found that this approach leads to improvements in relationship satisfaction, intimacy, communication skills, and a lower rate of divorce.

How long does the Gottman method take?

The duration of treatment depends on the specific challenges clients face. Sessions are typically 60 to 90 minutes long, and an average course of treatment is around 10 sessions. In some cases, such as for couples dealing with a critical problem, the therapist will suggest an intensive course of treatment, with daily sessions over the first two to four days. Treatment is complete when the couple is satisfied and has met the goals they’ve set, and when the therapist believes they have the skills to continue on their own.

Is the Gottman method effective?

Through the Gottman method, couples can achieve changes that are real and sustainable. This treatment has been used for more than 40 years; the method is supported by empirical research, including randomized controlled trials that have demonstrated effectiveness in improving relationship outcomes for couples. Like any talk therapy, success or failure depends in large part on how committed the clients are to making positive changes and working toward results.