Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Horsham, PA

Photo of Paul J Halpern, M Ed, Psychologist
Paul J Halpern
Psychologist, M Ed
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
Seasoned professional with decades of experience with diversified clients with long and short term issues. Psychodyanmic and Cognitive Restructuring offered. Also experienced with Trauma and anxiety. use an Integrative approach. Clients have described me as the only person who has had an impact on them to maximize their potential and function at the highest level. Couples, families and youth are welcome. It is optimal to continually work on physical health, including exercise and diet. It is essential to work on being in the present. Don't be surprised to find happiness, and improve relationships. Sunshine is required.
Seasoned professional with decades of experience with diversified clients with long and short term issues. Psychodyanmic and Cognitive Restructuring offered. Also experienced with Trauma and anxiety. use an Integrative approach. Clients have described me as the only person who has had an impact on them to maximize their potential and function at the highest level. Couples, families and youth are welcome. It is optimal to continually work on physical health, including exercise and diet. It is essential to work on being in the present. Don't be surprised to find happiness, and improve relationships. Sunshine is required.
(215) 868-6188 View (215) 868-6188
Photo of Sarah Herstich- Trauma And Eating Disorder Specialist, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Herstich- Trauma And Eating Disorder Specialist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Horsham, PA 19044  (Online Only)
You've tried the diets. You've read the self-help books. You've scoured TikTok and Instagram for answers. But, you just haven't been able to find your way out of dieting cycles, binge eating and harsh self-talk that leaves you feeling defeated and like you'll never feel normal around food or your body. I want you to know that healing is possible. That you can relearn how to trust your body and that you can heal from years of shame, blame, trauma and disconnection from yourself.
You've tried the diets. You've read the self-help books. You've scoured TikTok and Instagram for answers. But, you just haven't been able to find your way out of dieting cycles, binge eating and harsh self-talk that leaves you feeling defeated and like you'll never feel normal around food or your body. I want you to know that healing is possible. That you can relearn how to trust your body and that you can heal from years of shame, blame, trauma and disconnection from yourself.
(267) 309-2866 View (267) 309-2866
Photo of Laura Gordon, MACC, MDiv, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laura Gordon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MACC, MDiv, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Horsham, PA 19044
Waitlist for new clients
You’re caught in a cycle of 'shoulds': I should be happy. I should be grateful. I should be stronger. I should get over it. You worry that you’re a hopeless cause. Maybe you’re on the verge of giving up: Am I destined to live this way forever? Is healing even possible? Living with disordered eating, trauma, addiction, and loss is painful. Diet culture and body hate gaslight us into believing that we are not worthy. As a result, we shut ourselves off from relationships and experiences. We seek ways to numb the pain. In the end, we wind up denying ourselves the pleasure of living fully.
You’re caught in a cycle of 'shoulds': I should be happy. I should be grateful. I should be stronger. I should get over it. You worry that you’re a hopeless cause. Maybe you’re on the verge of giving up: Am I destined to live this way forever? Is healing even possible? Living with disordered eating, trauma, addiction, and loss is painful. Diet culture and body hate gaslight us into believing that we are not worthy. As a result, we shut ourselves off from relationships and experiences. We seek ways to numb the pain. In the end, we wind up denying ourselves the pleasure of living fully.
(267) 282-3106 View (267) 282-3106
Photo of Carin Lefkowitz, PsyD, Psychologist
Carin Lefkowitz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044  (Online Only)
I spend most of my time teaching clinician how to deliver effective treatments for PTSD and insomnia.
Do you have trouble sleeping? Do you find yourself thinking about things you wish you could leave in the past? Are you struggling with anxiety, worry, or feeling disconnected? Are nightmares keeping you awake? My practice focuses on trauma recovery and sleep problems. Some of my clients deal with both of these issues, while some are only affected by one. But both have a major impact on all areas of life, including mood, relationships, school/work, and physical health. Many of my clients feel helpless because other treatments did not work. I practice evidence-based therapy that can help even if other treatments have failed.
I spend most of my time teaching clinician how to deliver effective treatments for PTSD and insomnia.
Do you have trouble sleeping? Do you find yourself thinking about things you wish you could leave in the past? Are you struggling with anxiety, worry, or feeling disconnected? Are nightmares keeping you awake? My practice focuses on trauma recovery and sleep problems. Some of my clients deal with both of these issues, while some are only affected by one. But both have a major impact on all areas of life, including mood, relationships, school/work, and physical health. Many of my clients feel helpless because other treatments did not work. I practice evidence-based therapy that can help even if other treatments have failed.
(215) 935-4017 View (215) 935-4017
Photo of Cassandra (Casey) Koch, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cassandra (Casey) Koch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Horsham, PA 19044  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life can come at you with full force leaving you feeling lost and alone. Living in a world with such high expectations can leave you questioning your thoughts, mind, and body. I want you to know that I hear you, I see you, and you are not alone. The pain of trauma(s), grief, and loss have made you question the meaning of your life and how you can move forward. Years of body-shame and disordered eating have left you feeling disconnected with yourself and the world. You feel defeated with the heavy burdens you have carried throughout your life.
Life can come at you with full force leaving you feeling lost and alone. Living in a world with such high expectations can leave you questioning your thoughts, mind, and body. I want you to know that I hear you, I see you, and you are not alone. The pain of trauma(s), grief, and loss have made you question the meaning of your life and how you can move forward. Years of body-shame and disordered eating have left you feeling disconnected with yourself and the world. You feel defeated with the heavy burdens you have carried throughout your life.
(267) 263-7843 View (267) 263-7843
Photo of Theresa Parrino Cheshire, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Theresa Parrino Cheshire
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044  (Online Only)
I'm a practical, solutions focused therapist with a background in working with people who have experienced Trauma, Grief, Anxiety and Depression.
Hello! I am Theresa, a Generation X Clinical Social Worker who has been in the field since 1997. I focus my practice on the hardworking folks out there who don't get a lot of time to take care of themselves. Are you a working mom juggling your life, your kids and maybe elderly parents too? Are you a First Responder-Fire Fighter, Police Officer, EMT, Nurse or other medical professional exposed to a lot of trauma and loss? Maybe a teacher working round the clock? Have you thought about getting support from a therapist but aren't sure how to start? Reach out to me and I can help make the process easier and more comfortable.
I'm a practical, solutions focused therapist with a background in working with people who have experienced Trauma, Grief, Anxiety and Depression.
Hello! I am Theresa, a Generation X Clinical Social Worker who has been in the field since 1997. I focus my practice on the hardworking folks out there who don't get a lot of time to take care of themselves. Are you a working mom juggling your life, your kids and maybe elderly parents too? Are you a First Responder-Fire Fighter, Police Officer, EMT, Nurse or other medical professional exposed to a lot of trauma and loss? Maybe a teacher working round the clock? Have you thought about getting support from a therapist but aren't sure how to start? Reach out to me and I can help make the process easier and more comfortable.
(484) 939-8872 View (484) 939-8872
Photo of Ashley Fox, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ashley Fox
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Horsham, PA 19044
I enjoy working with teens, young adults, and adults to help them heal from body shame and trauma.
Struggling with disordered eating and body image concerns can be all-consuming. It can leave you feeling defeated, thinking that change is nearly impossible. You might be battling constant racing thoughts that make it difficult to enjoy the present moment. Or you might identify as a people-pleaser and have grown accustomed to putting others needs ahead of your own.
I enjoy working with teens, young adults, and adults to help them heal from body shame and trauma.
Struggling with disordered eating and body image concerns can be all-consuming. It can leave you feeling defeated, thinking that change is nearly impossible. You might be battling constant racing thoughts that make it difficult to enjoy the present moment. Or you might identify as a people-pleaser and have grown accustomed to putting others needs ahead of your own.
(267) 209-3272 View (267) 209-3272
Photo of Heather Hiller, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Hiller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
I specialize in trauma counseling.
I particularly enjoy working with women aged 20-40 who are working to overcome anxiety and depression or are coping with relationship dynamics. I believe most clients have a trauma history that shapes their mental health concerns, and helping them to process and heal from this history is vital to the client achieving a better quality of life. My ideal client will be seeking to learn new coping skills, communication strategies, or relationship skills.
I specialize in trauma counseling.
I particularly enjoy working with women aged 20-40 who are working to overcome anxiety and depression or are coping with relationship dynamics. I believe most clients have a trauma history that shapes their mental health concerns, and helping them to process and heal from this history is vital to the client achieving a better quality of life. My ideal client will be seeking to learn new coping skills, communication strategies, or relationship skills.
(267) 459-8918 View (267) 459-8918
Photo of Josie Albrecht, Licensed Professional Counselor
Josie Albrecht
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
As a trauma therapist and embodied human, I recognize the importance of bottom-up therapies, working from our visceral responses to facilitate healing and change.
I enjoy working with clients who want to get to the root of their struggles. These clients would like to gain insight into their symptoms, something difficult that has happened to them or to explore cycles and patterns that aren’t serving them. The clients I see often have attended therapy in the past. The clients I see also often present with attachment-based traumas, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, and difficulties in their personal and work relationships.
As a trauma therapist and embodied human, I recognize the importance of bottom-up therapies, working from our visceral responses to facilitate healing and change.
I enjoy working with clients who want to get to the root of their struggles. These clients would like to gain insight into their symptoms, something difficult that has happened to them or to explore cycles and patterns that aren’t serving them. The clients I see often have attended therapy in the past. The clients I see also often present with attachment-based traumas, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, and difficulties in their personal and work relationships.
(267) 376-7071 View (267) 376-7071
Photo of Hannah Gilmore, LSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Gilmore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
Our wounds, losses, and trauma can trap us in painful patterns of avoidance, anger, fear, sadness, guilt, and shame.
Whether you are coming to therapy for anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, a life change, or just a general sense of unease, facing these issues can be scary. Healing isn’t easy because it involves confronting our pain and hurts. Healing can also be full of joy, hope, connection, and freedom as we experience new possibilities of being and relating. My approach is warm, relational, and integrative. I strive to offer a space where you can feel safe enough to look inward – to gently and compassionately welcome all parts of yourself with less judgment and shame.
Our wounds, losses, and trauma can trap us in painful patterns of avoidance, anger, fear, sadness, guilt, and shame.
Whether you are coming to therapy for anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, a life change, or just a general sense of unease, facing these issues can be scary. Healing isn’t easy because it involves confronting our pain and hurts. Healing can also be full of joy, hope, connection, and freedom as we experience new possibilities of being and relating. My approach is warm, relational, and integrative. I strive to offer a space where you can feel safe enough to look inward – to gently and compassionately welcome all parts of yourself with less judgment and shame.
(215) 826-3304 View (215) 826-3304
Photo of Marianne E Intoccia, PhD, Psychologist
Marianne E Intoccia
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
My goal is to help my clients to heal from trauma and difficult life events, and then, to flourish.
Namaste! I'm "Dr.Marianne" Intoccia. Welcome! As a Licensed Psychologist, I take great care to combine the knowledge and skills of Traditional Western Psychology, with the wisdom of Eastern Traditions. In creating a safe and sacred therapeutic environment, I honor the courage it takes to begin the healing process. I utilize a number of treatment modalities, including: *meditation, *mindfulness therapy, *cognitive-behavioral therapy, *forgiveness work, and *self-compassion practice. My intent is to teach life skills that can be beneficial to you, as you navigate through this difficult time, as well as long after our work is complete.
My goal is to help my clients to heal from trauma and difficult life events, and then, to flourish.
Namaste! I'm "Dr.Marianne" Intoccia. Welcome! As a Licensed Psychologist, I take great care to combine the knowledge and skills of Traditional Western Psychology, with the wisdom of Eastern Traditions. In creating a safe and sacred therapeutic environment, I honor the courage it takes to begin the healing process. I utilize a number of treatment modalities, including: *meditation, *mindfulness therapy, *cognitive-behavioral therapy, *forgiveness work, and *self-compassion practice. My intent is to teach life skills that can be beneficial to you, as you navigate through this difficult time, as well as long after our work is complete.
(484) 696-1778 View (484) 696-1778
Photo of Lorraine Anne Tauriello - Lorraine Tauriello counseling, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lorraine Tauriello counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
I am equipped to help you improve your symptoms of stress, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, overwhelm, and trauma. I can use faith based, Christian. You may have experienced trauma or ongoing severe stress. Trauma CAN be treated! I can help. Depression and anxiety do not have to be your normal! The brain can change. I hav experience with teens, adults, and couples. My life experiences, training, and clinical expertise, offer more. I am able to assist with the option of medication and/or natural supplements, as a benefit, and can refer you. I hope to speak with you and help you decide what's best.
I am equipped to help you improve your symptoms of stress, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, overwhelm, and trauma. I can use faith based, Christian. You may have experienced trauma or ongoing severe stress. Trauma CAN be treated! I can help. Depression and anxiety do not have to be your normal! The brain can change. I hav experience with teens, adults, and couples. My life experiences, training, and clinical expertise, offer more. I am able to assist with the option of medication and/or natural supplements, as a benefit, and can refer you. I hope to speak with you and help you decide what's best.
(267) 642-5682 View (267) 642-5682
Photo of Lauren DeSouza, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren DeSouza
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
Sometimes life challenges can be difficult to cope with and making a choice to seek therapy can be scary in itself. Each person is unique in their own way, and I recognize the importance of "meeting you where you are at." I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I specialize in treating adolescents and adults struggling with Addiction, Co-Occurring Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Mood Disorders, and Adjustment/Transition difficulties.
Sometimes life challenges can be difficult to cope with and making a choice to seek therapy can be scary in itself. Each person is unique in their own way, and I recognize the importance of "meeting you where you are at." I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I specialize in treating adolescents and adults struggling with Addiction, Co-Occurring Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Mood Disorders, and Adjustment/Transition difficulties.
(215) 977-4471 View (215) 977-4471
Photo of Billie-Jo (Bj) Sellman, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Billie-Jo (Bj) Sellman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
According to the National Center for PTSD, 6 out of every 10 men and 5 out of every 10 women will experience at least one trauma in their lives. Traumatic experiences can leave individuals feelings scared, overwhelmed and ashamed. Many do not seek help. We as individuals are hard wired to bounce back from bad stuff in our path. Recovery from the past is possible.
According to the National Center for PTSD, 6 out of every 10 men and 5 out of every 10 women will experience at least one trauma in their lives. Traumatic experiences can leave individuals feelings scared, overwhelmed and ashamed. Many do not seek help. We as individuals are hard wired to bounce back from bad stuff in our path. Recovery from the past is possible.
(484) 260-3300 View (484) 260-3300
Photo of Paul Zarroli, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Paul Zarroli
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
I am a Christian counselor who can help individuals, families and couples overcome hurdles in their lives. I can help people with many psychological issues that they are dealing with including trauma, grief and loss, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, abuse and behavior modification. In addition I can offer mediation and life coaching services. I specialize in using EMDR and CBT.
I am a Christian counselor who can help individuals, families and couples overcome hurdles in their lives. I can help people with many psychological issues that they are dealing with including trauma, grief and loss, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, abuse and behavior modification. In addition I can offer mediation and life coaching services. I specialize in using EMDR and CBT.
(215) 874-5593 View (215) 874-5593
Photo of Lisa Hallahan, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Hallahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
I specialize in treating trauma, depression, anxiety and addiction.
Some day time openings! Working together to find healing for your pain, I offer support and the tools you need to cope with life; whether in crisis or experiencing everyday stress. Your goals are of utmost importance and I want to help you find happiness and healthy ways to handle life's challenges. I want to be on this journey with you to help you find your inner strength that is within each of us. My specialties include working with trauma, addiction, depression, anxiety and co-occurring issues. I want you to feel heard and validated and learn how to accept the suffering we all experience in life.
I specialize in treating trauma, depression, anxiety and addiction.
Some day time openings! Working together to find healing for your pain, I offer support and the tools you need to cope with life; whether in crisis or experiencing everyday stress. Your goals are of utmost importance and I want to help you find happiness and healthy ways to handle life's challenges. I want to be on this journey with you to help you find your inner strength that is within each of us. My specialties include working with trauma, addiction, depression, anxiety and co-occurring issues. I want you to feel heard and validated and learn how to accept the suffering we all experience in life.
(484) 214-2652 View (484) 214-2652
Photo of Felicity Fong, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Felicity Fong
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
Complex trauma can be a stubborn life companion. Living through repeated exposure to traumatic experiences can leave you feeling unable to trust yourself or others, feeling chronically unsafe, and seeing yourself differently. Alongside those wounds, complicated grief can also be woven into the mix of post-traumatic pain. Complicated grief is so much more than “just” a loss - it’s sadness, anger, and guilt that cannot always be easily defined. As a licensed professional counselor with a special interest in trauma treatment, I understand the profound impact these experiences can have on an individual's emotional well being.
Complex trauma can be a stubborn life companion. Living through repeated exposure to traumatic experiences can leave you feeling unable to trust yourself or others, feeling chronically unsafe, and seeing yourself differently. Alongside those wounds, complicated grief can also be woven into the mix of post-traumatic pain. Complicated grief is so much more than “just” a loss - it’s sadness, anger, and guilt that cannot always be easily defined. As a licensed professional counselor with a special interest in trauma treatment, I understand the profound impact these experiences can have on an individual's emotional well being.
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Photo of Sharon Damsker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sharon Damsker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Horsham, PA 19044
You know yourself better than anyone else: your struggles, dreams, desires, goals, feelings, relationships. As a psychotherapist and trauma specialist, I help people understand their experiences in a safe and supportive space that promotes growth, healing, and exploration of all areas of life. If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, sad, or easily triggered, talking with a professional can help you navigate through those emotions and find balance. Therapy can help people regain control/focus in their lives and disrupt the cycles that keep leading to the same negative outcomes.
You know yourself better than anyone else: your struggles, dreams, desires, goals, feelings, relationships. As a psychotherapist and trauma specialist, I help people understand their experiences in a safe and supportive space that promotes growth, healing, and exploration of all areas of life. If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, sad, or easily triggered, talking with a professional can help you navigate through those emotions and find balance. Therapy can help people regain control/focus in their lives and disrupt the cycles that keep leading to the same negative outcomes.
(267) 833-2185 View (267) 833-2185
Photo of Melissa Roberts, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melissa Roberts
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Horsham, PA 19044  (Online Only)
I have experience and enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families. I offer support for adults, children, and adolescents and work to create a genuine, trusting relationship where clients feel safe, and comfortable to be themselves. I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, relationship conflict, parenting, self-esteem, and overall everyday stressors. I have extensive training and experience working with high conflict families as well as children and adolescents with severe behavioral issues. I also enjoy working with couples to assist with barriers in communication, connectedness, and intimacy.
I have experience and enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families. I offer support for adults, children, and adolescents and work to create a genuine, trusting relationship where clients feel safe, and comfortable to be themselves. I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, relationship conflict, parenting, self-esteem, and overall everyday stressors. I have extensive training and experience working with high conflict families as well as children and adolescents with severe behavioral issues. I also enjoy working with couples to assist with barriers in communication, connectedness, and intimacy.
(215) 902-9138 View (215) 902-9138
Photo of Emily Cinque, MS, LPC, CTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily Cinque
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Horsham, PA 19044
I’m a trauma-informed therapist who specializes in treating eating disorders, body image issues and anxiety, and I'm passionate about helping my clients break the cycle of trying to live up to that impossible standard.
Despite all of the time, the effort, the planning and mental energy you’ve poured into achieving the body and life of your dreams, you still haven’t felt that sigh of relief that it’s enough. That you’re enough. And, somehow, the more measures you take to be in control, the more out of control you actually feel. Leaving you grasping and spinning your wheels. Thinking of what you can do to feel a sense of stability in yourself and in your life. The burn out from trying to live up to an impossible standard is real.
I’m a trauma-informed therapist who specializes in treating eating disorders, body image issues and anxiety, and I'm passionate about helping my clients break the cycle of trying to live up to that impossible standard.
Despite all of the time, the effort, the planning and mental energy you’ve poured into achieving the body and life of your dreams, you still haven’t felt that sigh of relief that it’s enough. That you’re enough. And, somehow, the more measures you take to be in control, the more out of control you actually feel. Leaving you grasping and spinning your wheels. Thinking of what you can do to feel a sense of stability in yourself and in your life. The burn out from trying to live up to an impossible standard is real.
(267) 762-8381 View (267) 762-8381
Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.