Therapists in George School, PA

Photo of Kathryn Nevin - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
George School, PA 18940  (Online Only)
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(267) 448-3221 View (267) 448-3221

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Maria G D'Errico, PhD, JD, CST, Psychologist
Maria G D'Errico
Psychologist, PhD, JD, CST
Verified Verified
Langhorne, PA 19047
Sex therapy specialty. I push my clients to explore parts of their mind and psyche to unlock their full potential and explore ways to make the necessary changes for good sex and a healthy relationship. As an AASECT certified sex therapist, I specialize in men's sexual health and couples therapy. For over 30 years I have practiced clinical psychology using different conversational methods to put my clients' minds at ease while they challenge and push themselves to resolve their issues.
Sex therapy specialty. I push my clients to explore parts of their mind and psyche to unlock their full potential and explore ways to make the necessary changes for good sex and a healthy relationship. As an AASECT certified sex therapist, I specialize in men's sexual health and couples therapy. For over 30 years I have practiced clinical psychology using different conversational methods to put my clients' minds at ease while they challenge and push themselves to resolve their issues.
(215) 995-3236 View (215) 995-3236
Photo of Lauren Wenclewicz, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Wenclewicz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
I work with children (5+) and teenagers who are experiencing difficulties with hyperactivity (e.g. attention, lack of focus, school problems), impulsivity, oppositional defiance, anxiety, as well as adjustment issues such as divorce, change in school or family dynamics. As a licensed professional counselor and licensed behavioral specialist, I am highly trained to address these, and similar issues.
I work with children (5+) and teenagers who are experiencing difficulties with hyperactivity (e.g. attention, lack of focus, school problems), impulsivity, oppositional defiance, anxiety, as well as adjustment issues such as divorce, change in school or family dynamics. As a licensed professional counselor and licensed behavioral specialist, I am highly trained to address these, and similar issues.
(267) 703-6487 View (267) 703-6487
Photo of Lillie Skalka, MS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lillie Skalka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940  (Online Only)
Hello! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I graduated from West Chester University with my master’s degree in social work in 2019. I’ve provided care for 8 years in the behavioral health field and enjoyed working as a mobile therapist helping individuals, families, children, and teens to treat Autism, ADHD, ODD, depression, and anxiety. Currently, I work full-time in intensive autistic support and transition age classrooms supporting case management, crisis intervention, post-21 planning, and counseling. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life; to learn where you’ve been, where you are and where you want to go.
Hello! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I graduated from West Chester University with my master’s degree in social work in 2019. I’ve provided care for 8 years in the behavioral health field and enjoyed working as a mobile therapist helping individuals, families, children, and teens to treat Autism, ADHD, ODD, depression, and anxiety. Currently, I work full-time in intensive autistic support and transition age classrooms supporting case management, crisis intervention, post-21 planning, and counseling. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life; to learn where you’ve been, where you are and where you want to go.
(215) 608-1123 View (215) 608-1123
Photo of Melissa Tang, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Tang
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
My ideal client is experiencing anxiety and depression and has an awareness that they need help and are willing to do "homework" outside of sessions to build the skills they need to "be their own therapist." Their needs are to gain insight into the negative thoughts and core beliefs contributing to their symptoms and to process past traumatic events to gain a more accurate and helpful perspective on the precipitating events and current situation. My ideal client's goals are to decrease their anxiety and depression and be able to experience life in a way that leads to increased self-efficacy and contentment in life.
My ideal client is experiencing anxiety and depression and has an awareness that they need help and are willing to do "homework" outside of sessions to build the skills they need to "be their own therapist." Their needs are to gain insight into the negative thoughts and core beliefs contributing to their symptoms and to process past traumatic events to gain a more accurate and helpful perspective on the precipitating events and current situation. My ideal client's goals are to decrease their anxiety and depression and be able to experience life in a way that leads to increased self-efficacy and contentment in life.
(267) 494-6440 View (267) 494-6440
Photo of Lori Gabert, LPC, CAADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lori Gabert
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
I am a licensed professional counselor and currently work as the Clinical Director at Rosewood Recovery, a program tailored to treat individuals who are dealing with substance use and co-occurring disorders. I believe in meeting the client where they are at knowing that recovery takes time. Combining individual and group therapy, we will work collaboratively on treatment goals. Your goals are your goals - I am here to listen to what they are and help you work to achieve them while being safe, healthy, and fulfilled in life. Services are offered at the OP, IOP, and PHP levels of care.
I am a licensed professional counselor and currently work as the Clinical Director at Rosewood Recovery, a program tailored to treat individuals who are dealing with substance use and co-occurring disorders. I believe in meeting the client where they are at knowing that recovery takes time. Combining individual and group therapy, we will work collaboratively on treatment goals. Your goals are your goals - I am here to listen to what they are and help you work to achieve them while being safe, healthy, and fulfilled in life. Services are offered at the OP, IOP, and PHP levels of care.
(215) 935-4612 View (215) 935-4612
Photo of Mary J Goepfert, MSW, LCSW, LCADC, CCS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary J Goepfert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCADC, CCS
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
Not accepting new clients
Everyone has times in their life when they struggle with managing their emotions, unhealthy relationships, difficult events from the past, grief and loss, self-defeating behaviors, or health concerns. Maybe you are facing a difficult decision, a turning point in your career, or a life transition. Maybe you feel fractured from painful events or numerous stressors accumulated over time. Therapy can help you feel whole again, and fully integrated in body, mind and spirit.
Everyone has times in their life when they struggle with managing their emotions, unhealthy relationships, difficult events from the past, grief and loss, self-defeating behaviors, or health concerns. Maybe you are facing a difficult decision, a turning point in your career, or a life transition. Maybe you feel fractured from painful events or numerous stressors accumulated over time. Therapy can help you feel whole again, and fully integrated in body, mind and spirit.
(609) 303-5119 View (609) 303-5119
Photo of Lisa Simon, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa Simon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940  (Online Only)
Welcome to Therapy For Success. Lisa is the owner of TFS and is a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in therapy for all Eating Disorders including ; Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder and disordered eating and food and weight disorders. TFS has several wonderful clinicians on staff to meet the needs of our clients. Lisa and her staff have counseled individuals in the most intense hospital inpatient and outpatient settings and helped them accomplish recovery free from the addiction of food. TFS offers individual, family and group counseling to address specific needs of each client.
Welcome to Therapy For Success. Lisa is the owner of TFS and is a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in therapy for all Eating Disorders including ; Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder and disordered eating and food and weight disorders. TFS has several wonderful clinicians on staff to meet the needs of our clients. Lisa and her staff have counseled individuals in the most intense hospital inpatient and outpatient settings and helped them accomplish recovery free from the addiction of food. TFS offers individual, family and group counseling to address specific needs of each client.
(215) 995-3010 View (215) 995-3010
Photo of Julie Piper, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julie Piper
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who works with adults, families and teens using a variety of treatment modalities including DBT, CBT, EMDR and Solution Focused. I have extensive experience in the treatment of PTSD, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, substance use disorder and ADHD. My style is warm, practical, and empathetic. I strive to use evidence based treatments and best practices to help my clients become empowered to make positive and lasting changes in their lives.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who works with adults, families and teens using a variety of treatment modalities including DBT, CBT, EMDR and Solution Focused. I have extensive experience in the treatment of PTSD, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, substance use disorder and ADHD. My style is warm, practical, and empathetic. I strive to use evidence based treatments and best practices to help my clients become empowered to make positive and lasting changes in their lives.
(215) 383-1914 View (215) 383-1914
Photo of Sandra Elder - The Sunrise Center For Wellness, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
The Sunrise Center For Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
I believe in providing a safe environment where clients can explore their feelings, fears, and concerns. In attaining a strong and genuine therapeutic relationship, therapy can be a life-changing experience. As a Licensed Professional Counselor with a concentration in Marriage and Family Therapy, I have extensive training in high conflict families as well as with children and teenagers with behavioral issues. I enjoy working with couples to resolve negative interaction patterns and intimacy issues. I am available for individual, family, and/or couples therapy sessions.
I believe in providing a safe environment where clients can explore their feelings, fears, and concerns. In attaining a strong and genuine therapeutic relationship, therapy can be a life-changing experience. As a Licensed Professional Counselor with a concentration in Marriage and Family Therapy, I have extensive training in high conflict families as well as with children and teenagers with behavioral issues. I enjoy working with couples to resolve negative interaction patterns and intimacy issues. I am available for individual, family, and/or couples therapy sessions.
(267) 460-6802 View (267) 460-6802
Photo of Eileen McHugh, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Eileen McHugh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
My focus is to help individuals heal, energize, and become aware of their inner strengths.
My focus is to help individuals heal, energize, and become aware of their inner strengths.
(215) 709-5769 View (215) 709-5769
Photo of Sabrina Jaconski, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sabrina Jaconski
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
I have experience working with children, teens, young adults, and adults dealing with depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, ASD, as well as eating disorders. I have experience with individuals who are members of the LGBTQIA+ community.
I have experience working with children, teens, young adults, and adults dealing with depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, ASD, as well as eating disorders. I have experience with individuals who are members of the LGBTQIA+ community.
(267) 214-7121 View (267) 214-7121
Photo of Dr. Maddie Roxandich, PsyD, MEd, Psychologist
Dr. Maddie Roxandich
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
Are you struggling with managing stress or the symptoms of anxiety or depression? Are you exhausted trying to find balance among the many roles you must play day-to-day and simultaneously be more present in your life? You deserve to stop “going through the motions,” and you deserve to experience more joy in your life. My goal is to help you navigate life with increased hope and resiliency, as you develop the tools to better manage your symptoms and wellness. I enjoy helping clients build new patterns and insights that help to restore balance and connection to their lives.
Are you struggling with managing stress or the symptoms of anxiety or depression? Are you exhausted trying to find balance among the many roles you must play day-to-day and simultaneously be more present in your life? You deserve to stop “going through the motions,” and you deserve to experience more joy in your life. My goal is to help you navigate life with increased hope and resiliency, as you develop the tools to better manage your symptoms and wellness. I enjoy helping clients build new patterns and insights that help to restore balance and connection to their lives.
(267) 710-8426 View (267) 710-8426
Photo of Ashlyn Parks, MS, MT-BC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ashlyn Parks
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MT-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940  (Online Only)
I believe that each and every person is worthy of unconditional love and support. By taking the time to seek out services for yourself, you are showing an incredible amount of courage and strength. I have experience working with adolescents and adults across the lifespan. I have professional experience working with: mood disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders, complex and single-event trauma, emotional neglect or maltreatment, nervous system dysregulation and panic, neurodivergency, human sexuality questions and concerns, LGBTQIA2+, gender identity, and substance use. You will always be respected and validated in this space.
I believe that each and every person is worthy of unconditional love and support. By taking the time to seek out services for yourself, you are showing an incredible amount of courage and strength. I have experience working with adolescents and adults across the lifespan. I have professional experience working with: mood disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders, complex and single-event trauma, emotional neglect or maltreatment, nervous system dysregulation and panic, neurodivergency, human sexuality questions and concerns, LGBTQIA2+, gender identity, and substance use. You will always be respected and validated in this space.
(267) 878-3097 View (267) 878-3097
Photo of Lauren Dattilo, LPC, IFC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Dattilo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, IFC
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
Supervision availability: grads seeking licensure for LPC! & NOW Accepting: Couples! Do you want to make a change? Do you want to have a different life/relationship than the one you have now? It starts with you and I can help you get there. My strengths are working with clients to get through relationship issues. Including but not limited to: break-ups, divorce, separation, complex situations and co-parenting. Healing & growth are at the forefront of our time together as we focus on the whole person. I believe we are all trying to fill 3 buckets in life: health, wealth & relationships. Let's fill them all up!
Supervision availability: grads seeking licensure for LPC! & NOW Accepting: Couples! Do you want to make a change? Do you want to have a different life/relationship than the one you have now? It starts with you and I can help you get there. My strengths are working with clients to get through relationship issues. Including but not limited to: break-ups, divorce, separation, complex situations and co-parenting. Healing & growth are at the forefront of our time together as we focus on the whole person. I believe we are all trying to fill 3 buckets in life: health, wealth & relationships. Let's fill them all up!
(267) 715-9320 View (267) 715-9320
Photo of Cayla Hofmann, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cayla Hofmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
I treat clients with anxiety-based disorders, ranging from OCD or panic disorders to generalized anxiety. Additionally, general life stressors, such as client's enrolled in college, is an area that I feel competent in and passionate about. An ideal client would be aware of their challenges and motivated to do the work that therapy often requires. I enjoy working with clients who have goals of increasing their overall life satisfaction, whether through learning skills such as self-regulation techniques or goals of learning about symptoms to reduce these symptoms and increase overall life satisfaction.
I treat clients with anxiety-based disorders, ranging from OCD or panic disorders to generalized anxiety. Additionally, general life stressors, such as client's enrolled in college, is an area that I feel competent in and passionate about. An ideal client would be aware of their challenges and motivated to do the work that therapy often requires. I enjoy working with clients who have goals of increasing their overall life satisfaction, whether through learning skills such as self-regulation techniques or goals of learning about symptoms to reduce these symptoms and increase overall life satisfaction.
(267) 497-2928 View (267) 497-2928
Photo of Sarah Summers, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Summers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
I especially enjoy supporting young adults who may be in transition or seeking clarity on the impact of the past on their current lives. They may be struggling with symptoms of grief, loneliness, depression, anxiety, co-dependency, or just a sense that something is off. My ideal client may have a specific goal in mind or might have a desire to be heard.
I especially enjoy supporting young adults who may be in transition or seeking clarity on the impact of the past on their current lives. They may be struggling with symptoms of grief, loneliness, depression, anxiety, co-dependency, or just a sense that something is off. My ideal client may have a specific goal in mind or might have a desire to be heard.
(215) 398-7568 View (215) 398-7568
Photo of Cierra Florentina Clark, LAC, MS, Counselor
Cierra Florentina Clark
Counselor, LAC, MS
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
Making the choice to come to therapy is incredibly brave, and being able to share your intimate thoughts and feelings with a stranger is no easy task. My intention in therapy is to create a safe space where I can work collaboratively with individuals to help them meet their life goals. I provide a supportive, open, nonjudgmental environment, sprinkled with a bit of humor to provide my clients with a much needed sense of relief.
Making the choice to come to therapy is incredibly brave, and being able to share your intimate thoughts and feelings with a stranger is no easy task. My intention in therapy is to create a safe space where I can work collaboratively with individuals to help them meet their life goals. I provide a supportive, open, nonjudgmental environment, sprinkled with a bit of humor to provide my clients with a much needed sense of relief.
(732) 378-9955 View (732) 378-9955
Photo of Sheronda Howard, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sheronda Howard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940  (Online Only)
How you feel is valid, your story matters, and you deserve to be heard. It can be hard to listen to that healthy voice inside of you that desires guidance & support. I want to take a moment to acknowledge your bravery for taking the first step in your journey. Together we will explore areas of your life where you may feel challenged, anxious and/or stuck. We will identify old patterns of beliefs and kbehaviors that may have been limiting you and begin to move forward in your life by creating new understanding that leads to curiosity, self-awareness, and self-compassion.
How you feel is valid, your story matters, and you deserve to be heard. It can be hard to listen to that healthy voice inside of you that desires guidance & support. I want to take a moment to acknowledge your bravery for taking the first step in your journey. Together we will explore areas of your life where you may feel challenged, anxious and/or stuck. We will identify old patterns of beliefs and kbehaviors that may have been limiting you and begin to move forward in your life by creating new understanding that leads to curiosity, self-awareness, and self-compassion.
(609) 469-3770 View (609) 469-3770
Photo of Christina Gilardi, LPC, NCC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christina Gilardi
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Newtown, PA 18940
Christina Gilardi received her Bachelor of Arts from Temple University and went on to study at Cairn University where she earned her Master of Science in Counseling Psychology. Christina then went on to pass her National Boards and received her accreditation of Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC) and licensure as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania. Her skills and experience are focused around individual psychotherapy, group therapy, family therapy and marriage counseling as well. She is deeply committed to her clients’ well-being and can easily inspire trust, warmth and rapport.
Christina Gilardi received her Bachelor of Arts from Temple University and went on to study at Cairn University where she earned her Master of Science in Counseling Psychology. Christina then went on to pass her National Boards and received her accreditation of Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC) and licensure as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania. Her skills and experience are focused around individual psychotherapy, group therapy, family therapy and marriage counseling as well. She is deeply committed to her clients’ well-being and can easily inspire trust, warmth and rapport.
(215) 607-8972 View (215) 607-8972

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in George School, PA

< 10

Therapists in George School, PA who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Addiction
100% Child
100% ADHD
100% Eating Disorders

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in George School, PA see their clients

100% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in George School?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.