Therapists in Emmaus, PA

Photo of Kathleen Martinez, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathleen Martinez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
My ideal client struggles with Anxiety, Depression, Eating Disorders, Trauma, and/or related conditions. They are motivated for change or at least open to the possibility of change. They are open to feedback and willing to lean into the therapeutic process. They do not need to have clear goals for the therapeutic process right away but are willing to work to identify these goals in the treatment process. They would want to improve their life in some way, or even just their relationship with themselves.
My ideal client struggles with Anxiety, Depression, Eating Disorders, Trauma, and/or related conditions. They are motivated for change or at least open to the possibility of change. They are open to feedback and willing to lean into the therapeutic process. They do not need to have clear goals for the therapeutic process right away but are willing to work to identify these goals in the treatment process. They would want to improve their life in some way, or even just their relationship with themselves.
(484) 613-2801 View (484) 613-2801
Photo of Carri Coyne, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carri Coyne
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049  (Online Only)
Life has taught me the vital importance of safety and security. In my practice, I leverage this profound understanding to create a safe environment where individuals can freely express themselves without fear of judgment. My therapeutic approach prioritizes a secure and encouraging atmosphere, ensuring every client feels respected and valued throughout their journey. Seeking therapy can be daunting, but my goal is to make this journey as pleasant and reassuring as possible. I am committed to helping you achieve emotional wellness by building a safe and trustworthy relationship.
Life has taught me the vital importance of safety and security. In my practice, I leverage this profound understanding to create a safe environment where individuals can freely express themselves without fear of judgment. My therapeutic approach prioritizes a secure and encouraging atmosphere, ensuring every client feels respected and valued throughout their journey. Seeking therapy can be daunting, but my goal is to make this journey as pleasant and reassuring as possible. I am committed to helping you achieve emotional wellness by building a safe and trustworthy relationship.
(484) 799-1586 View (484) 799-1586
Photo of Courtney Calderon, LPC, PMH-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Courtney Calderon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
Welcome, I'm glad you are here! I know finding the right therapist can be one of the hardest steps to take. My objective is to build meaningful connections with my clients and help them uncover their full potential. I am licensed in Pennsylvania and certified in perinatal mental health through Postpartum Support International. I specialize in working with clients during the perinatal/postpartum phase of life, including reproductive complications, pregnancy loss, and adoption. I also work with children, adolescents, and adults navigating various life transitions.
Welcome, I'm glad you are here! I know finding the right therapist can be one of the hardest steps to take. My objective is to build meaningful connections with my clients and help them uncover their full potential. I am licensed in Pennsylvania and certified in perinatal mental health through Postpartum Support International. I specialize in working with clients during the perinatal/postpartum phase of life, including reproductive complications, pregnancy loss, and adoption. I also work with children, adolescents, and adults navigating various life transitions.
(484) 246-9015 View (484) 246-9015
Photo of Sarah Beth Wilson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Beth Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
Not accepting new clients
I love working with a variety of backgrounds and ages and providing a space that is warm, open and validating. I have a particular passion for working with those who are dealing with the effects of childhood trauma, whether that be emotional, verbal, physical or sexual abuse. Painful relationships can often be the place that many of our symptoms or unhealthy behaviors stem from. It's my desire to walk alongside those who want to bring healing to this area of their life and experience a deeper sense of safety within themselves and within their relationships.
I love working with a variety of backgrounds and ages and providing a space that is warm, open and validating. I have a particular passion for working with those who are dealing with the effects of childhood trauma, whether that be emotional, verbal, physical or sexual abuse. Painful relationships can often be the place that many of our symptoms or unhealthy behaviors stem from. It's my desire to walk alongside those who want to bring healing to this area of their life and experience a deeper sense of safety within themselves and within their relationships.
(484) 603-3905 View (484) 603-3905
Photo of Valton Canada, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Valton Canada
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
I enjoy working with teens, young adults, and adults of all identities who are experiencing anxiety, depression, attention deficit, self-esteem issues, traumatic brain injury (TBI), sports performance issues, and racial identity.
I enjoy working with teens, young adults, and adults of all identities who are experiencing anxiety, depression, attention deficit, self-esteem issues, traumatic brain injury (TBI), sports performance issues, and racial identity.
(717) 904-7527 x1 View (717) 904-7527 x1
Photo of Margaret Roberts, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Margaret Roberts
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Emmaus, PA 18049
Everyone has unique experiences that led them to this moment in their lives. Your feelings and thoughts about your present life are valid. No matter where you are today, I will help guide and encourage you with acceptance, humor, kindness, and compassion. I welcome you to therapy if you are looking for help with boundaries, cohesion, and communication through working on problems stemming from trauma, identity, and relationships. I am here to help you.
Everyone has unique experiences that led them to this moment in their lives. Your feelings and thoughts about your present life are valid. No matter where you are today, I will help guide and encourage you with acceptance, humor, kindness, and compassion. I welcome you to therapy if you are looking for help with boundaries, cohesion, and communication through working on problems stemming from trauma, identity, and relationships. I am here to help you.
(484) 573-7296 x1 View (484) 573-7296 x1
Photo of Keith Faust, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keith Faust
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Emmaus, PA 18049
These are trying times, and many of us are feeling lost, depressed, anxious, struggling with relationships, going nowhere, or feeling incomplete. It doesn’t have to be this way. Therapy offers a chance to take a step back and reevaluate who we are and where we are going.
These are trying times, and many of us are feeling lost, depressed, anxious, struggling with relationships, going nowhere, or feeling incomplete. It doesn’t have to be this way. Therapy offers a chance to take a step back and reevaluate who we are and where we are going.
(484) 497-0292 View (484) 497-0292
Photo of Kristen Dieter, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristen Dieter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
An ideal client would present with their struggle in transparency, with the desire to grow, and put in the work to achieve goals. That could be managing emotions, holding a job, rebuilding relationships, or perhaps implementing more self-care. A client who wants to heal, find peace, and promote balance and autonomy. I am very easygoing, and really like to showcase my ability to promote a safe trusting environment. It is okay to feel uncomfortable or overwhelmed in life; I hope to encourage and normalize the need to take care of ourselves.
An ideal client would present with their struggle in transparency, with the desire to grow, and put in the work to achieve goals. That could be managing emotions, holding a job, rebuilding relationships, or perhaps implementing more self-care. A client who wants to heal, find peace, and promote balance and autonomy. I am very easygoing, and really like to showcase my ability to promote a safe trusting environment. It is okay to feel uncomfortable or overwhelmed in life; I hope to encourage and normalize the need to take care of ourselves.
(484) 642-8193 View (484) 642-8193
Photo of Lori B. Yoder, MSS, LCSW, CHT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lori B. Yoder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW, CHT
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
"If you don't transform your grief, you will transmit it." -Tim Shriver. If you have experienced, or are experiencing, a loss and/or life transition, allow me to help you transform your grief so that you will not transmit it. I feel it is a privilege to walk beside those who are on a grief journey. I offer a safe, kind, compassionate, non-judgmental listening ear, and bereavement support. Life may never be as it once was, but you can experience happiness again. Grief is never resolved, but it can be reconciled.
"If you don't transform your grief, you will transmit it." -Tim Shriver. If you have experienced, or are experiencing, a loss and/or life transition, allow me to help you transform your grief so that you will not transmit it. I feel it is a privilege to walk beside those who are on a grief journey. I offer a safe, kind, compassionate, non-judgmental listening ear, and bereavement support. Life may never be as it once was, but you can experience happiness again. Grief is never resolved, but it can be reconciled.
(267) 915-6506 View (267) 915-6506
Photo of Heather Hiller, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Hiller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
I particularly enjoy working with women aged 20-40 who are working to overcome anxiety and depression or are coping with relationship dynamics. I believe most clients have a trauma history that shapes their mental health concerns, and helping them to process and heal from this history is vital to the client achieving a better quality of life. My ideal client will be seeking to learn new coping skills, communication strategies, or relationship skills.
I particularly enjoy working with women aged 20-40 who are working to overcome anxiety and depression or are coping with relationship dynamics. I believe most clients have a trauma history that shapes their mental health concerns, and helping them to process and heal from this history is vital to the client achieving a better quality of life. My ideal client will be seeking to learn new coping skills, communication strategies, or relationship skills.
(484) 604-2747 View (484) 604-2747
Photo of Erin L Sullivan, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erin L Sullivan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
Welcome! Deciding to come to therapy and finding a therapist whom you connect with is one of the most important steps you can take. I congratulate you for taking this step towards who you always knew you could be. I specialize in working with children, teens, young adults and adults who may be struggling with anxiety, depression, stress and social/relational concerns, as well as more severe concerns such as self-harm, suicidal ideation, behavioral issues, ADHD, ODD, and other related challenges.
Welcome! Deciding to come to therapy and finding a therapist whom you connect with is one of the most important steps you can take. I congratulate you for taking this step towards who you always knew you could be. I specialize in working with children, teens, young adults and adults who may be struggling with anxiety, depression, stress and social/relational concerns, as well as more severe concerns such as self-harm, suicidal ideation, behavioral issues, ADHD, ODD, and other related challenges.
(484) 310-9107 x1 View (484) 310-9107 x1
Photo of Courtney Pursell, LPC, NCC, C-DBT, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Courtney Pursell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, C-DBT, CCTP
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
Struggling with overwhelming emotions or constant anxiety? Are you finding it hard to break free from negative thinking patterns & triggers? I’m here to help. As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, I specialize in treating Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. My goal is to support you in managing your thoughts & feelings, reducing distress, and achieving a sense of inner calm and happiness. I understand that navigating life’s challenges can feel daunting, especially if you’re unsure where to start.
Struggling with overwhelming emotions or constant anxiety? Are you finding it hard to break free from negative thinking patterns & triggers? I’m here to help. As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, I specialize in treating Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. My goal is to support you in managing your thoughts & feelings, reducing distress, and achieving a sense of inner calm and happiness. I understand that navigating life’s challenges can feel daunting, especially if you’re unsure where to start.
(484) 218-4272 View (484) 218-4272
Photo of Letecia M Garcia, MA, LPC, CISTT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Letecia M Garcia
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CISTT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Emmaus, PA 18049  (Online Only)
The best days are yet to come. I am a liberation and embodiment-oriented healing companion, passionately empowering clients that are seeking a trauma-certified practitioner, are Queer/LGBTQ+ identified, as well as people exploring the spectrum of gender, sexuality, sexual expression as well as expansive relationship structures (poly, ethical non-monogamy, swinging, etc). I specialize in CPTSD, Sexual/Relational/Intergenerational Trauma, Gender Dysphoria, Grief, Anxiety, as well as treating and destigmatizing compulsive sexual and non-sexual behaviors of all types. Let's break cycles, challenge the status-quo and break free together.
The best days are yet to come. I am a liberation and embodiment-oriented healing companion, passionately empowering clients that are seeking a trauma-certified practitioner, are Queer/LGBTQ+ identified, as well as people exploring the spectrum of gender, sexuality, sexual expression as well as expansive relationship structures (poly, ethical non-monogamy, swinging, etc). I specialize in CPTSD, Sexual/Relational/Intergenerational Trauma, Gender Dysphoria, Grief, Anxiety, as well as treating and destigmatizing compulsive sexual and non-sexual behaviors of all types. Let's break cycles, challenge the status-quo and break free together.
(610) 569-0726 View (610) 569-0726
Photo of Carmen Garrison, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Carmen Garrison
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
My philosophy is that positive change is possible for everyone. I believe that achieving wellness is a journey, and I am dedicated to helping others along their path. Using a compassionate, person-centered style; I work collaboratively with my clients. My holistic approach to wellness focuses on all areas of wellness; mind, body and soul. Finding balance gives us the strength to face challenges in our lives. Through counseling, hope can be restored. In my nine years of working with individuals and families, I have seen an immense amount of resiliency and hope. "Once you choose hope, anything is possible"
My philosophy is that positive change is possible for everyone. I believe that achieving wellness is a journey, and I am dedicated to helping others along their path. Using a compassionate, person-centered style; I work collaboratively with my clients. My holistic approach to wellness focuses on all areas of wellness; mind, body and soul. Finding balance gives us the strength to face challenges in our lives. Through counseling, hope can be restored. In my nine years of working with individuals and families, I have seen an immense amount of resiliency and hope. "Once you choose hope, anything is possible"
(610) 628-4157 View (610) 628-4157
Photo of Valentine Croft, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Valentine Croft
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Emmaus, PA 18049  (Online Only)
I have worked with many people struggling with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, low self worth, rumination, difficulty finding meaning and purpose in life. Perhaps due to current overwhelming situations, past traumas or living far away from home and having difficulty acclimating. I am passionate about helping people gain a better understanding between surviving and thriving, gaining a better understanding of their strengths and resiliencies, finding and implementing healthy coping skills, goals and confidence needed to move forward.
I have worked with many people struggling with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, low self worth, rumination, difficulty finding meaning and purpose in life. Perhaps due to current overwhelming situations, past traumas or living far away from home and having difficulty acclimating. I am passionate about helping people gain a better understanding between surviving and thriving, gaining a better understanding of their strengths and resiliencies, finding and implementing healthy coping skills, goals and confidence needed to move forward.
(610) 978-6621 View (610) 978-6621
Photo of Pam Fullerton, PhD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Pam Fullerton
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
When you're facing life's challenges, whether personal or within your relationships, I seek to understand the complexity of what you're going through. You might be struggling with depression, emotional turmoil, anxiety, or relationship issues. In our sessions, I'm here to offer you emotional support, guidance, and a deep understanding of your unique journey. Together, we'll work towards gaining self-awareness and personal growth, helping you navigate these challenges with more ease and resilience. Your well-being and the strength of your relationships matter, and I'm committed to walking this path with you towards a fulfilling life.
When you're facing life's challenges, whether personal or within your relationships, I seek to understand the complexity of what you're going through. You might be struggling with depression, emotional turmoil, anxiety, or relationship issues. In our sessions, I'm here to offer you emotional support, guidance, and a deep understanding of your unique journey. Together, we'll work towards gaining self-awareness and personal growth, helping you navigate these challenges with more ease and resilience. Your well-being and the strength of your relationships matter, and I'm committed to walking this path with you towards a fulfilling life.
(610) 915-8011 View (610) 915-8011
Photo of Hannah Gilmore, LSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Gilmore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
Whether you are coming to therapy for anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, a life change, or just a general sense of unease, facing these issues can be scary. Healing isn’t easy because it involves confronting our pain and hurts. Healing can also be full of joy, hope, connection, and freedom as we experience new possibilities of being and relating. My approach is warm, relational, and integrative. I strive to offer a space where you can feel safe enough to look inward – to gently and compassionately welcome all parts of yourself with less judgment and shame.
Whether you are coming to therapy for anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, a life change, or just a general sense of unease, facing these issues can be scary. Healing isn’t easy because it involves confronting our pain and hurts. Healing can also be full of joy, hope, connection, and freedom as we experience new possibilities of being and relating. My approach is warm, relational, and integrative. I strive to offer a space where you can feel safe enough to look inward – to gently and compassionately welcome all parts of yourself with less judgment and shame.
(484) 371-3385 View (484) 371-3385
Photo of Philip Anthony Nastasee, PhD, Psychologist
Philip Anthony Nastasee
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
I specialize in working with people in transition. These transitions have many sources, but we all struggle with them to some degree. In short, crisis provides danger and opportunity. I facilitate growth and change, rather than being reductionistic and focusing solely on symptoms. Together my clients and I collaborate to create new insights, develop new skills and eliminate old, unproductive ways of thinking and behaving.
I specialize in working with people in transition. These transitions have many sources, but we all struggle with them to some degree. In short, crisis provides danger and opportunity. I facilitate growth and change, rather than being reductionistic and focusing solely on symptoms. Together my clients and I collaborate to create new insights, develop new skills and eliminate old, unproductive ways of thinking and behaving.
(610) 616-2844 View (610) 616-2844
Photo of Jodi Merrill, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jodi Merrill
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
We are dedicated to the care and treatment of children, teens, adolescents and their families. We specialize in the treatment and support of our young clients and their families, as they navigate their way to becoming successful young adults. We are always here to answer your questions and discuss your concerns. Feel free to call our office to set up a consultation. We are here to help you help your children be their best! We accept all major credit cards. At Pathways For Change, we are meeting the needs that matter.
We are dedicated to the care and treatment of children, teens, adolescents and their families. We specialize in the treatment and support of our young clients and their families, as they navigate their way to becoming successful young adults. We are always here to answer your questions and discuss your concerns. Feel free to call our office to set up a consultation. We are here to help you help your children be their best! We accept all major credit cards. At Pathways For Change, we are meeting the needs that matter.
(610) 928-1097 View (610) 928-1097
Photo of Michelle Perna, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michelle Perna
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Emmaus, PA 18049
I am experienced in depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, relational conflict, family systems, addiction, criminal justice, anger management, eating disorders/body image, and mood disorders. The ideal client actively wants to explore their behaviors and thinking patterns and identify the underlying causes of these behaviors. In addition, the ideal client will be willing to tackle goals inside & outside therapy sessions. My ideal client would be an individual who is internally and externally motivated to change their life. They show up to sessions on time consistently and make a conscious effort to engage in the therapeutic process.
I am experienced in depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, relational conflict, family systems, addiction, criminal justice, anger management, eating disorders/body image, and mood disorders. The ideal client actively wants to explore their behaviors and thinking patterns and identify the underlying causes of these behaviors. In addition, the ideal client will be willing to tackle goals inside & outside therapy sessions. My ideal client would be an individual who is internally and externally motivated to change their life. They show up to sessions on time consistently and make a conscious effort to engage in the therapeutic process.
(484) 559-5775 View (484) 559-5775
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Emmaus, PA

80+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Emmaus, PA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
87% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
72% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
65% Grief
60% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
77% Highmark
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Emmaus, PA see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Emmaus?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.