Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Dunmore, PA

Photo of Tiffany Griffiths - Tiffany Griffiths, Psy.D. & Associates, Inc., Psychologist
Tiffany Griffiths, Psy.D. & Associates, Inc.
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18512
Our specialties and interests include: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), trauma resolution, pain management, testing and assessment, interpersonal issues, GLBTQ issues, women's issues, sexual issues, substance abuse and recovery, marital and family issues, childhood disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and personal growth.
I have worked to create an integrated, evidence-based, and holistic group practice where my vision of the ideal environment for growth can unfold. The associates in the practice have diverse backgrounds, interests, and training. No matter what problem or difficulty with which you present, someone in our group can assist you. We have cultivated an environment of peace, warmth, and acceptance to assure you will be respected, unconditionally.
Our specialties and interests include: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), trauma resolution, pain management, testing and assessment, interpersonal issues, GLBTQ issues, women's issues, sexual issues, substance abuse and recovery, marital and family issues, childhood disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and personal growth.
I have worked to create an integrated, evidence-based, and holistic group practice where my vision of the ideal environment for growth can unfold. The associates in the practice have diverse backgrounds, interests, and training. No matter what problem or difficulty with which you present, someone in our group can assist you. We have cultivated an environment of peace, warmth, and acceptance to assure you will be respected, unconditionally.
(570) 560-6579 View (570) 560-6579
Photo of Dr. Krystle Berkoski, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Krystle Berkoski
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dunmore, PA 18510
I support folx who're navigating complex interpersonal issues, recovering from distress and trauma, grieving, and/or experiencing unexplained somatic symptoms. My clients are typically seeking relief from symptoms, meaning from their experiences, and validating relationship. People who are comfortable with telehealth and ready to embrace the mind-body connection with something a little different (i.e, Somatic Experiencing) will likely match well with me.
I support folx who're navigating complex interpersonal issues, recovering from distress and trauma, grieving, and/or experiencing unexplained somatic symptoms. My clients are typically seeking relief from symptoms, meaning from their experiences, and validating relationship. People who are comfortable with telehealth and ready to embrace the mind-body connection with something a little different (i.e, Somatic Experiencing) will likely match well with me.
(570) 726-1760 View (570) 726-1760
Photo of Kiersten Murrin, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kiersten Murrin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18512
My experiences include working with survivors of violence or trauma, but certainly is not limited there.
You may be seeking therapy for a wide variety of reasons. Perhaps you are facing a tough time, feeling overwhelmed, or even lost? Has someone else taken the power from your own life? Therapy can be a powerful healing tool to help us all reach our full potential and establish control where it may be missing.
My experiences include working with survivors of violence or trauma, but certainly is not limited there.
You may be seeking therapy for a wide variety of reasons. Perhaps you are facing a tough time, feeling overwhelmed, or even lost? Has someone else taken the power from your own life? Therapy can be a powerful healing tool to help us all reach our full potential and establish control where it may be missing.
(272) 268-3603 View (272) 268-3603
Photo of Lori Ann Moskel, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lori Ann Moskel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Dunmore, PA 18512
Waitlist for new clients
There is Capital "T" trauma and Small "t' trauma.
Hello and welcome! Life can be messy! Are you feeling "let down", disappointed, or maybe just plain "fed-up" or mistreated in certain areas of your life...feeling like a change for the better is long over-due? Anxiety, depression, fearfulness, or full of regret is part of your everyday thinking. A renewed and inspired life is obtainable. Seeking counseling is a sign of strength and entering this collaboration is an act of service to yourself. The therapy relationship is powerful way to overcome problems that leave you feeling helpless or alone, just the challenges in ordinary everyday life can sometimes be overwhelming.
There is Capital "T" trauma and Small "t' trauma.
Hello and welcome! Life can be messy! Are you feeling "let down", disappointed, or maybe just plain "fed-up" or mistreated in certain areas of your life...feeling like a change for the better is long over-due? Anxiety, depression, fearfulness, or full of regret is part of your everyday thinking. A renewed and inspired life is obtainable. Seeking counseling is a sign of strength and entering this collaboration is an act of service to yourself. The therapy relationship is powerful way to overcome problems that leave you feeling helpless or alone, just the challenges in ordinary everyday life can sometimes be overwhelming.
(717) 473-4019 View (717) 473-4019
Photo of Emily Apgar, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Apgar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18509
I use an integrative approach of person-centered, strength-based, and solution-focused therapies — including DBT, CBT, ACT, trauma-informed, and crisis intervention methods.
I work with both individuals and couples. I often see folks working through anxiety, depression, trauma, neurodivergence, grief and bereavement, challenges with body image/self esteem/confidence and perinatal/prenatal/postnatal mental health. I work with LGBTQ+ community members and am gender affirming. I find that in providing an additional avenue of support, it allows for the client to self-explore, building up their confidence and belief in themselves that with the appropriate skills and tools, they can take on all that life has for them.
I use an integrative approach of person-centered, strength-based, and solution-focused therapies — including DBT, CBT, ACT, trauma-informed, and crisis intervention methods.
I work with both individuals and couples. I often see folks working through anxiety, depression, trauma, neurodivergence, grief and bereavement, challenges with body image/self esteem/confidence and perinatal/prenatal/postnatal mental health. I work with LGBTQ+ community members and am gender affirming. I find that in providing an additional avenue of support, it allows for the client to self-explore, building up their confidence and belief in themselves that with the appropriate skills and tools, they can take on all that life has for them.
View
Photo of Angel Vaccaro, Angel V, MA,  LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angel Vaccaro
Licensed Professional Counselor, Angel V, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18509
I use a variety of approaches such as cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, narrative, eclectic, internal family systems, faith-based, dialectical behavior therapy, person-centered, and trauma-focused.
I'm Angel and I am excited that you found my page. I am a professional counselor licensed in Pennsylvania with over 8 years of counseling experience working with individuals who struggle with eating disorders, mood disorders, trauma, physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, and addictions. I love working with individuals to find freedom and remove any obstacles that prevent living the life they have always dreamed of. My therapy style is unique, creative, individual, warm, and accepting. I treat individuals with respect, compassion, and empathy. My ability to see different perspectives enables me to meet people where they are.
I use a variety of approaches such as cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, narrative, eclectic, internal family systems, faith-based, dialectical behavior therapy, person-centered, and trauma-focused.
I'm Angel and I am excited that you found my page. I am a professional counselor licensed in Pennsylvania with over 8 years of counseling experience working with individuals who struggle with eating disorders, mood disorders, trauma, physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, and addictions. I love working with individuals to find freedom and remove any obstacles that prevent living the life they have always dreamed of. My therapy style is unique, creative, individual, warm, and accepting. I treat individuals with respect, compassion, and empathy. My ability to see different perspectives enables me to meet people where they are.
(272) 206-2060 View (272) 206-2060
Photo of Kelly Clarke, MS, NCC, LAPC
Kelly Clarke
Associate Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LAPC
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18512
Hello there! I'm Kelly, a National Certified Counselor and Licensed Associate Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania. I currently have availability to see clients both virtually and in-person at JMW Counseling at both the Dunmore, PA and Kingston, PA locations. My experience encompasses working with individuals across various age groups from children to older adults with trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, relationship struggles, life transitions, academic hurdles, self-esteem and identity concerns.
Hello there! I'm Kelly, a National Certified Counselor and Licensed Associate Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania. I currently have availability to see clients both virtually and in-person at JMW Counseling at both the Dunmore, PA and Kingston, PA locations. My experience encompasses working with individuals across various age groups from children to older adults with trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, relationship struggles, life transitions, academic hurdles, self-esteem and identity concerns.
(272) 422-1511 View (272) 422-1511
Photo of Larissa Schwass, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Larissa Schwass
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18510
I hold certifications enabling me to effectively address trauma, anxiety, and personality disorders.
I consider it a privilege to assist clients in their journey toward fostering growth, empowerment, and the attainment of personal goals, all while promoting positive self-care. I firmly believe that life often presents us with challenges and obstacles that can make it challenging to comprehend our own thoughts and emotions. My approach is rooted in a nurturing and supportive style, aimed at cultivating a positive and welcoming atmosphere for my clients as we work together to realize their treatment objectives
I hold certifications enabling me to effectively address trauma, anxiety, and personality disorders.
I consider it a privilege to assist clients in their journey toward fostering growth, empowerment, and the attainment of personal goals, all while promoting positive self-care. I firmly believe that life often presents us with challenges and obstacles that can make it challenging to comprehend our own thoughts and emotions. My approach is rooted in a nurturing and supportive style, aimed at cultivating a positive and welcoming atmosphere for my clients as we work together to realize their treatment objectives
(272) 213-7135 View (272) 213-7135
Photo of Jessica Lemoncelli, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Lemoncelli
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dunmore, PA 18509
I utilize an integrated and trauma informed approach to psychotherapy.
I have experience working with a wide variety of mental health issues, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, and trauma. I also have experience and passion for working with eating disorders, disordered eating, and body image from a Health at Every Size perspective. I am a Certified Intuitive Eating Counselor as well and enjoy helping people explore their relationship with food and their body.
I utilize an integrated and trauma informed approach to psychotherapy.
I have experience working with a wide variety of mental health issues, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, and trauma. I also have experience and passion for working with eating disorders, disordered eating, and body image from a Health at Every Size perspective. I am a Certified Intuitive Eating Counselor as well and enjoy helping people explore their relationship with food and their body.
(570) 512-5808 View (570) 512-5808
Photo of Alyssa Hurchick, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alyssa Hurchick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18509
Asking for help is not always an easy thing to do and is sometimes the hardest part of the therapeutic journey. It is my main goal to provide a safe, open setting where you can feel comfortable speaking your mind. My goal is to help you find your true self and understand your deepest thoughts, thus allowing you to live your life to its fullest potential. I strive to provide you support and guidance throughout your journey, at your own pace.
Asking for help is not always an easy thing to do and is sometimes the hardest part of the therapeutic journey. It is my main goal to provide a safe, open setting where you can feel comfortable speaking your mind. My goal is to help you find your true self and understand your deepest thoughts, thus allowing you to live your life to its fullest potential. I strive to provide you support and guidance throughout your journey, at your own pace.
(272) 203-3264 View (272) 203-3264
Photo of Melissa Gregory - MMG Counseling, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
MMG Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Dunmore, PA 18509
Welcome! The therapists at MMG Counseling understand that taking the step to talk to a therapist and searching for someone you can connect with can be a stressful! We will help make this process as easy as it can be! Once you do decide to take the step to reach out, our hope is that you will feel it is a strength, and you've made a healthy step towards better self-care. From your first session on, you will be treated with kindness and respect. You will feel validated and safe to explore all of your feelings, thoughts and emotions, and as a result, you will have the opportunity to gain insights to make healthy changes in your life.
Welcome! The therapists at MMG Counseling understand that taking the step to talk to a therapist and searching for someone you can connect with can be a stressful! We will help make this process as easy as it can be! Once you do decide to take the step to reach out, our hope is that you will feel it is a strength, and you've made a healthy step towards better self-care. From your first session on, you will be treated with kindness and respect. You will feel validated and safe to explore all of your feelings, thoughts and emotions, and as a result, you will have the opportunity to gain insights to make healthy changes in your life.
(570) 483-8956 View (570) 483-8956
Photo of Brittany Caufman, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brittany Caufman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18509
I have always enjoyed working with a mix of populations and concerns. Some of the populations I've worked with in the past have largely been the LGBTQ+ community, individuals with eating disorders, and those who struggle with addiction/addictive behaviors. I enjoy helping people get to the root of their struggle, locating the source of the fire, so-to-speak. Sometimes, this takes a lot of work and patience but aiding individuals in putting the puzzle of themselves together is why I do this.
I have always enjoyed working with a mix of populations and concerns. Some of the populations I've worked with in the past have largely been the LGBTQ+ community, individuals with eating disorders, and those who struggle with addiction/addictive behaviors. I enjoy helping people get to the root of their struggle, locating the source of the fire, so-to-speak. Sometimes, this takes a lot of work and patience but aiding individuals in putting the puzzle of themselves together is why I do this.
(272) 225-6999 View (272) 225-6999
Photo of Dr. Sara Lynne Thaxton - Thaxton Holistic Wellness Center, PhD, LPC, NCC, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Thaxton Holistic Wellness Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Dunmore, PA 18512
You can reach us at 570-904-7363 and get to know our therapists via our website. At THWC it's our mission to create a soothing, client-focused, healing focused environment, committed and focused on you as a whole person. With over 75 years of combined experience, our skilled and compassionate therapists offer virtual and in-person individual, couple, family, and group counseling services for all ages and concerns. Supported by years of experience and training, we'll work with you to develop specific, tailored strategies using effective approaches to help you quickly achieve and sustain results and feel relief.
You can reach us at 570-904-7363 and get to know our therapists via our website. At THWC it's our mission to create a soothing, client-focused, healing focused environment, committed and focused on you as a whole person. With over 75 years of combined experience, our skilled and compassionate therapists offer virtual and in-person individual, couple, family, and group counseling services for all ages and concerns. Supported by years of experience and training, we'll work with you to develop specific, tailored strategies using effective approaches to help you quickly achieve and sustain results and feel relief.
(570) 354-0508 View (570) 354-0508
Photo of Maryellen Evers, LCSW, CAADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maryellen Evers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18512  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor who has been providing mental health treatment for over 25 years. I received my BA in Psychology from Montclair State University and my MSW in social work from Marywood University. I hold certifications in addictions treatment, forensic social work and motivational enhancement/cognitive behavioral therapy. Considered a "subject matter expert" in the modality of telehealth, all of my sessions are held with my client's safety and wellbeing a first priority.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor who has been providing mental health treatment for over 25 years. I received my BA in Psychology from Montclair State University and my MSW in social work from Marywood University. I hold certifications in addictions treatment, forensic social work and motivational enhancement/cognitive behavioral therapy. Considered a "subject matter expert" in the modality of telehealth, all of my sessions are held with my client's safety and wellbeing a first priority.
(272) 227-2659 View (272) 227-2659
Photo of Dr. Jenny Wildrick, PhD, LPC  , CRC , CPRP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Jenny Wildrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC , CRC , CPRP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dunmore, PA 18512
Hello! My name is Jenny Wildrick. I am the owner of JMW Counseling LLC. Jmw counseling is a small practice with two offices in Dunmore, Pa, and Kingston, Pa. We have five therapists including myself who are are accepting clients. I graduated from Keystone College in 2014 with a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology, and completed my Master’s degree in Rehabilitation Counseling in 2017 from the University of Scranton. I obtained my Ph.D. in Counselor Education and Supervision from Capella University. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, Certified Rehabilitation Counselor, and a Certified Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practitioner.
Hello! My name is Jenny Wildrick. I am the owner of JMW Counseling LLC. Jmw counseling is a small practice with two offices in Dunmore, Pa, and Kingston, Pa. We have five therapists including myself who are are accepting clients. I graduated from Keystone College in 2014 with a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology, and completed my Master’s degree in Rehabilitation Counseling in 2017 from the University of Scranton. I obtained my Ph.D. in Counselor Education and Supervision from Capella University. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, Certified Rehabilitation Counselor, and a Certified Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practitioner.
(570) 672-5731 View (570) 672-5731
Eugene P. Pryor Jr
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18512
My orientation is to help a person grow beyond his or her legacy and to resolve underlying issues and conflicts, in order to assist one in becoming a healthier human being. Successful treatment helps someone work through particular difficulties to a [significant] enough degree so that he or she is not doomed to repeat mistakes, symptoms, and less healthy ways of engaging with the world. The potential personal growth can lead to [meaningfully] improved interpersonal relationships, overall adaptation, and contributions to and enjoyment of life. This psychotherapy takes place in a concerned, supportive, nonjudgmental, safe environment with the utmost confidentiality.
My orientation is to help a person grow beyond his or her legacy and to resolve underlying issues and conflicts, in order to assist one in becoming a healthier human being. Successful treatment helps someone work through particular difficulties to a [significant] enough degree so that he or she is not doomed to repeat mistakes, symptoms, and less healthy ways of engaging with the world. The potential personal growth can lead to [meaningfully] improved interpersonal relationships, overall adaptation, and contributions to and enjoyment of life. This psychotherapy takes place in a concerned, supportive, nonjudgmental, safe environment with the utmost confidentiality.
(570) 586-2966 View (570) 586-2966
Photo of Amanda Gentile, BA, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda Gentile
Licensed Professional Counselor, BA, MA
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18512
My devotion consists of working with a variety of individuals who suffer from mental health disorders. My experiences vary from anxiety, depression, addiction, and codependency disorders. My specialty focuses in grief therapy. I use cognitive behavior therapy and psychotherapy to support an individuals greater well being.
My devotion consists of working with a variety of individuals who suffer from mental health disorders. My experiences vary from anxiety, depression, addiction, and codependency disorders. My specialty focuses in grief therapy. I use cognitive behavior therapy and psychotherapy to support an individuals greater well being.
(570) 399-3223 View (570) 399-3223
Photo of Christine E DeSousa, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christine E DeSousa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dunmore, PA 18512
I enjoy working with a variety of people from all walks of life. Each person comes with their own set of strengths, accomplishments, challenges, mistakes, goals, ideas, and questions. I have worked with people who have dealt with anxiety, domestic abuse, emotional abuse, relationship issues, stress, low self esteem, families with children on the autism spectrum, college struggles, chronic mental health issues,and Asperger's syndrome among others. I see my role as counselor as someone who will listen and help the client brainstorm different ways of reacting to the world, while exploring ways to ultimately accept and become the person one strives to be.
I enjoy working with a variety of people from all walks of life. Each person comes with their own set of strengths, accomplishments, challenges, mistakes, goals, ideas, and questions. I have worked with people who have dealt with anxiety, domestic abuse, emotional abuse, relationship issues, stress, low self esteem, families with children on the autism spectrum, college struggles, chronic mental health issues,and Asperger's syndrome among others. I see my role as counselor as someone who will listen and help the client brainstorm different ways of reacting to the world, while exploring ways to ultimately accept and become the person one strives to be.
(570) 213-5282 View (570) 213-5282
Photo of Tammy Lee Rade, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tammy Lee Rade
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dunmore, PA 18512
I have a passion for listening to people and helping them unpack their current struggles to develop skills needed to grow and move forward. I take pride in creating a non-judgemental and safe space to explore struggles with my clients. I graduated with my masters in social work from the University of Chicago and my masters in theology from the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago. I have worked with people who were coming from many different walks of life and facing many different challenges. I have worked with children as well as families, couples, and individual adults.
I have a passion for listening to people and helping them unpack their current struggles to develop skills needed to grow and move forward. I take pride in creating a non-judgemental and safe space to explore struggles with my clients. I graduated with my masters in social work from the University of Chicago and my masters in theology from the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago. I have worked with people who were coming from many different walks of life and facing many different challenges. I have worked with children as well as families, couples, and individual adults.
(570) 609-2873 View (570) 609-2873
Photo of Alanna Shehadeh-Hanzlik, MS, NCC
Alanna Shehadeh-Hanzlik
MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Dunmore, PA 18509  (Online Only)
Welcome! As a therapist, I believe in the transformative power of self-awareness, empathy, and authentic connection. I believe wholeheartedly in holistic modalities, healing the mind, body, and soul, truly embracing the mind-body connection. I utilize many evidence-based therapeutic techniques, including Person-Centered, Empowerment, Cognitive Behavioral, Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused, Acceptance and Commitment, and Psychodynamic approaches. My approach and technique with clients is ultimately to assist in developing the best version of themselves.
Welcome! As a therapist, I believe in the transformative power of self-awareness, empathy, and authentic connection. I believe wholeheartedly in holistic modalities, healing the mind, body, and soul, truly embracing the mind-body connection. I utilize many evidence-based therapeutic techniques, including Person-Centered, Empowerment, Cognitive Behavioral, Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused, Acceptance and Commitment, and Psychodynamic approaches. My approach and technique with clients is ultimately to assist in developing the best version of themselves.
(570) 984-1112 View (570) 984-1112
1

See more therapy options for Dunmore

Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.