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Photo of Hayley Peterson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hayley Peterson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Board Certified Telemental Health Counselor, my extensive experience spans various settings including outpatient mental health, private practice, and drug and alcohol facilities. Recognizing the diversity of each individual, I adopt an eclectic approach, utilizing modalities like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Techniques. This ensures a personalized and effective treatment approach tailored to each client's unique needs.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Board Certified Telemental Health Counselor, my extensive experience spans various settings including outpatient mental health, private practice, and drug and alcohol facilities. Recognizing the diversity of each individual, I adopt an eclectic approach, utilizing modalities like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Techniques. This ensures a personalized and effective treatment approach tailored to each client's unique needs.
(267) 641-2176 View (267) 641-2176
Photo of Daniel A. Schwarz - Daniel A Schwarz and Associates, PhD, Psychologist
Daniel A Schwarz and Associates
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Jenkintown, PA 19046
TOD WEINSTEIN, LCSW and Diplomate in Social Work specializes in cognitive-behavioral therapy with families and older adults.
Dr. DANIEL SCHWARZ is a Ph.D. Licensed Psychologist in private practice for over 30 years. He specializes in working with children who have learning challenges, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and other behavioral problems. He provides family therapy, parent training and couples therapy. Dr. Schwarz consults with schools and clients' physicians to help coordinate treatment. He is fluent in Spanish and is unique in his ability to be culturally sensitive to his clients needs. Dr. Schwarz provides psychological evaluations for Immigration Issues and Waivers. Dr. Schwarz has three experienced providers in his practice.
TOD WEINSTEIN, LCSW and Diplomate in Social Work specializes in cognitive-behavioral therapy with families and older adults.
Dr. DANIEL SCHWARZ is a Ph.D. Licensed Psychologist in private practice for over 30 years. He specializes in working with children who have learning challenges, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and other behavioral problems. He provides family therapy, parent training and couples therapy. Dr. Schwarz consults with schools and clients' physicians to help coordinate treatment. He is fluent in Spanish and is unique in his ability to be culturally sensitive to his clients needs. Dr. Schwarz provides psychological evaluations for Immigration Issues and Waivers. Dr. Schwarz has three experienced providers in his practice.
(215) 646-3695 View (215) 646-3695
Photo of Anthony F Verdi, PhD, Psychologist
Anthony F Verdi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Jenkintown, PA 19046  (Online Only)
I take a cognitive behavioral approach to helping my clients gain personal insight and to make behavioral changes. Depression, anxiety, and relationship issues can interfere with problem solving. Together we can explore options, develop problem solving techniques, and coping mechanisms that will help you feel more in control of your self and your situation. My style is informal and relaxed. Ideal clients are those that are committed to making changes and who are willing to fully participate in the therapeutic relationship.
I take a cognitive behavioral approach to helping my clients gain personal insight and to make behavioral changes. Depression, anxiety, and relationship issues can interfere with problem solving. Together we can explore options, develop problem solving techniques, and coping mechanisms that will help you feel more in control of your self and your situation. My style is informal and relaxed. Ideal clients are those that are committed to making changes and who are willing to fully participate in the therapeutic relationship.
(215) 987-2609 View (215) 987-2609
Photo of Cori Ettelson - Cori Ettelson, LPC, MEd, NCC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cori Ettelson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Elkins Park, PA 19027
What would a life free of impairing anxiety and depression mean to you? What would it mean for your relationships, your career and your happiness? As a Licensed Professional Counselor, and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, I take a warm, engaging approach to therapy. During your sessions, your voice will be heard and your journey will be respected. I tailor treatment to each patient’s unique needs using cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, EMDR, and other evidence-based techniques. My clients say this approach gives them the support they need to change their lives and find the joy they have been missing.
What would a life free of impairing anxiety and depression mean to you? What would it mean for your relationships, your career and your happiness? As a Licensed Professional Counselor, and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, I take a warm, engaging approach to therapy. During your sessions, your voice will be heard and your journey will be respected. I tailor treatment to each patient’s unique needs using cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, EMDR, and other evidence-based techniques. My clients say this approach gives them the support they need to change their lives and find the joy they have been missing.
(267) 493-0966 View (267) 493-0966
Photo of Michelle Miller, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michelle Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124  (Online Only)
I use a mix of cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and a solution focused approach.
Are you looking to make changes in your life and need help and support along the way? I can provide you with knowledge and resources to achieve your goals. I am passionate in helping others with their journey to becoming a better person, and being there to provide support. We all want to be heard and understood. Many times we feel like no one understands us. I am here to listen and help you overcome the obstacles you are facing, and to let you know that you are not alone. I believe anyone can change themselves for the better.
I use a mix of cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and a solution focused approach.
Are you looking to make changes in your life and need help and support along the way? I can provide you with knowledge and resources to achieve your goals. I am passionate in helping others with their journey to becoming a better person, and being there to provide support. We all want to be heard and understood. Many times we feel like no one understands us. I am here to listen and help you overcome the obstacles you are facing, and to let you know that you are not alone. I believe anyone can change themselves for the better.
(215) 267-0777 View (215) 267-0777
Photo of Madelena Tran, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Madelena Tran
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Maddie Tran, a Licensed Professional Counselor committed to guiding individuals on their therapeutic journey towards personal growth and well-being. Central to my practice is the creation of a welcoming, nonjudgmental space where clients feel safe to explore their thoughts, emotions, and challenges. My therapeutic approach draws from evidence-based practices, employing an eclectic blend of modalities such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy ( CBT), client-centered therapy, strength-based therapy, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness. This allows me to tailor interventions to suit each client's unique needs and goals.
Hello, I'm Maddie Tran, a Licensed Professional Counselor committed to guiding individuals on their therapeutic journey towards personal growth and well-being. Central to my practice is the creation of a welcoming, nonjudgmental space where clients feel safe to explore their thoughts, emotions, and challenges. My therapeutic approach draws from evidence-based practices, employing an eclectic blend of modalities such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy ( CBT), client-centered therapy, strength-based therapy, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness. This allows me to tailor interventions to suit each client's unique needs and goals.
(267) 358-6966 View (267) 358-6966
Photo of Rik Fire, MSW, LCSW, LISW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rik Fire
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LISW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Jenkintown, PA 19046
CPT Certified ( Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD & Post-Traumatic Bereavement); Gender & Sexuality Specialist; Certified Kundalini Yoga & Meditation Teacher; Reiki Master; Ordained Interfaith Minister; Advanced Certified Shamanic Practitioner.
Rik Fire (aka Manjot Singh Khalsa) is a psychotherapist in private practice since 1996, sacred healer, interfaith minister, teacher and co-creator of Radikal Healing. Radikal Healing is a process of life transformation utilizing a complement of modalities tailored to each client's individual needs including psychotherapy, meditation, Kundalini yoga, Shamanic technology, energy medicine, life coaching and supervised fasting. Village of Radikal Healing in Montgomery County, PA & Radikal Healing Suite Asbury Park, NJ are healing centers that provide opportunities for people to embrace the Radikal Life they were meant to live.
CPT Certified ( Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD & Post-Traumatic Bereavement); Gender & Sexuality Specialist; Certified Kundalini Yoga & Meditation Teacher; Reiki Master; Ordained Interfaith Minister; Advanced Certified Shamanic Practitioner.
Rik Fire (aka Manjot Singh Khalsa) is a psychotherapist in private practice since 1996, sacred healer, interfaith minister, teacher and co-creator of Radikal Healing. Radikal Healing is a process of life transformation utilizing a complement of modalities tailored to each client's individual needs including psychotherapy, meditation, Kundalini yoga, Shamanic technology, energy medicine, life coaching and supervised fasting. Village of Radikal Healing in Montgomery County, PA & Radikal Healing Suite Asbury Park, NJ are healing centers that provide opportunities for people to embrace the Radikal Life they were meant to live.
(267) 793-0711 View (267) 793-0711
Photo of Hayley Peterson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hayley Peterson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124
As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Board Certified Telemental Health Counselor, my extensive experience spans various settings including outpatient mental health, private practice, and drug and alcohol facilities. Recognizing the diversity of each individual, I adopt an eclectic approach, utilizing modalities like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Techniques. This ensures a personalized and effective treatment approach tailored to each client's unique needs.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Board Certified Telemental Health Counselor, my extensive experience spans various settings including outpatient mental health, private practice, and drug and alcohol facilities. Recognizing the diversity of each individual, I adopt an eclectic approach, utilizing modalities like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Techniques. This ensures a personalized and effective treatment approach tailored to each client's unique needs.
(267) 754-3723 View (267) 754-3723
Photo of Zara Khan, LPC, Counselor
Zara Khan
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124  (Online Only)
Drawing from techniques like Mindfulness, CBT, DBT, and ACT, I strive to create a secure environment where you can articulate the thoughts often left unspoken, facilitating the exploration of your pains, desires, and emotional needs.
Throughout my therapeutic training, I've engaged with diverse communities, including college students, first-generation college attendees, BIPOC individuals, and Asian Americans, within community mental health settings. Proficient in English, Urdu, and Pashto, I conduct therapy sessions in these languages. My approach emphasizes collaboration, focusing on nurturing healthy coping mechanisms and amplifying strengths to construct a personalized toolkit for use beyond therapy sessions.
Drawing from techniques like Mindfulness, CBT, DBT, and ACT, I strive to create a secure environment where you can articulate the thoughts often left unspoken, facilitating the exploration of your pains, desires, and emotional needs.
Throughout my therapeutic training, I've engaged with diverse communities, including college students, first-generation college attendees, BIPOC individuals, and Asian Americans, within community mental health settings. Proficient in English, Urdu, and Pashto, I conduct therapy sessions in these languages. My approach emphasizes collaboration, focusing on nurturing healthy coping mechanisms and amplifying strengths to construct a personalized toolkit for use beyond therapy sessions.
(267) 729-8183 View (267) 729-8183
Joanne Kaminski
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Jenkintown, PA 19046
I am a PA licensed psychologist with a broad-based practice consisting of treatment for several mental health disorders, substance abuse/dependence, palliative care for clients with chronic medical disorders, bereavement, family and marital therapy, academic stressors, professional impairment, transferring from military to civilian life, as well as psychophysiological retraining through biofeedback. Cultural and religious beliefs are considered in all treatment approaches. Treatment approaches consist of cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic and mind-body approaches.
I am a PA licensed psychologist with a broad-based practice consisting of treatment for several mental health disorders, substance abuse/dependence, palliative care for clients with chronic medical disorders, bereavement, family and marital therapy, academic stressors, professional impairment, transferring from military to civilian life, as well as psychophysiological retraining through biofeedback. Cultural and religious beliefs are considered in all treatment approaches. Treatment approaches consist of cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic and mind-body approaches.
(484) 436-2080 View (484) 436-2080
Photo of Kierstyn Gunn-Berube, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kierstyn Gunn-Berube
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19120  (Online Only)
My counseling approach is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Building a strong rapport with my clients to feel safe, comfortable, accepted, empowered, and heard within our sessions is most important. I love to incorporate the arts and foster creativity within my sessions. I have an M.S. degree in School Counseling and Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I am a licensed Professional Counselor in PA. Before working in the private practice setting, I was a Middle and High School Counselor in West Chester, PA. I have helped many clients be successful while implementing academic, social/emotional, and behavioral interventions for their clinical mental health treatment plans.
My counseling approach is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Building a strong rapport with my clients to feel safe, comfortable, accepted, empowered, and heard within our sessions is most important. I love to incorporate the arts and foster creativity within my sessions. I have an M.S. degree in School Counseling and Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I am a licensed Professional Counselor in PA. Before working in the private practice setting, I was a Middle and High School Counselor in West Chester, PA. I have helped many clients be successful while implementing academic, social/emotional, and behavioral interventions for their clinical mental health treatment plans.
(833) 425-0836 View (833) 425-0836
Photo of Charlie Health - Charlie Health, M465140, MD
Charlie Health
M465140, MD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124  (Online Only)
We specialize in CBT, DBT skills, and CFT.
Charlie Health is a leading provider of virtual mental health treatment for people in need of more than once-weekly therapy. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, self-harm, suicidal ideation, or any ongoing mental health issue, Charlie Health’s Clinical Team is ready to help you start your healing journey today. You don’t have to struggle alone – we’re here for you. To get started today, reach out at t.ly/ch-pa
We specialize in CBT, DBT skills, and CFT.
Charlie Health is a leading provider of virtual mental health treatment for people in need of more than once-weekly therapy. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, self-harm, suicidal ideation, or any ongoing mental health issue, Charlie Health’s Clinical Team is ready to help you start your healing journey today. You don’t have to struggle alone – we’re here for you. To get started today, reach out at t.ly/ch-pa
(412) 203-9354 View (412) 203-9354
Photo of Shayana Thompson, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shayana Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19111
Shayana’s primary approach is from a cognitive-behavioral standpoint.
Shayana Thompson has experience working with children, teens, and adults seeking support with depression, anxiety, addiction, anger management, and trauma. Shayana obtained her Bachelor’s in Neuroscience from Temple University. She has her Master's in Clinical and Counseling Psychology from Chestnut Hill College. Shayana has experience working as a co occurring therapist, ABA therapist, outpatient therapist, and as a behavior specialist working with children and parents on behavior modification.
Shayana’s primary approach is from a cognitive-behavioral standpoint.
Shayana Thompson has experience working with children, teens, and adults seeking support with depression, anxiety, addiction, anger management, and trauma. Shayana obtained her Bachelor’s in Neuroscience from Temple University. She has her Master's in Clinical and Counseling Psychology from Chestnut Hill College. Shayana has experience working as a co occurring therapist, ABA therapist, outpatient therapist, and as a behavior specialist working with children and parents on behavior modification.
(267) 263-7661 View (267) 263-7661
Photo of Jennifer Mizov, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Mizov
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Jenkintown, PA 19046  (Online Only)
Life becomes stressful sometimes, and societal pressure combined with changes, expectations, and conflicts are only some of the triggers that may induce stress, insomnia, anger, sadness, further conflicts, and at times uncontrollable overwhelm. You are not alone in feeling this way. My mission as a therapist is to remind you that you are safe, and to help you receive the support you may need outside of the one you may currently have from friends, family members, and loved ones.
Life becomes stressful sometimes, and societal pressure combined with changes, expectations, and conflicts are only some of the triggers that may induce stress, insomnia, anger, sadness, further conflicts, and at times uncontrollable overwhelm. You are not alone in feeling this way. My mission as a therapist is to remind you that you are safe, and to help you receive the support you may need outside of the one you may currently have from friends, family members, and loved ones.
(570) 857-5052 View (570) 857-5052
Photo of Kathryn Nevin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathryn Nevin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Kathryn Nevin, LCSW, CCTP. It's wonderful to see you seeking support and making strides to connect here! I'm here to assist with various challenges like anxiety, depression, anger, grief and loss, self-harm, and personality disorders. My focus lies particularly in trauma therapy. In our first session, I'll tailor our approach to suit your needs and optimize outcomes.
Hello, I'm Kathryn Nevin, LCSW, CCTP. It's wonderful to see you seeking support and making strides to connect here! I'm here to assist with various challenges like anxiety, depression, anger, grief and loss, self-harm, and personality disorders. My focus lies particularly in trauma therapy. In our first session, I'll tailor our approach to suit your needs and optimize outcomes.
(215) 608-5627 View (215) 608-5627
Photo of Danielle Allen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Pennsylvania and Maine, I've dedicated over 18 years to supporting clients grappling with mental health challenges. Throughout my career, I've served diverse populations and honed expertise in addressing depression, anxiety, stress, aging concerns, and navigating life transitions. Additionally, I've contributed as a hospice social worker, facilitating grief and loss support groups.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Pennsylvania and Maine, I've dedicated over 18 years to supporting clients grappling with mental health challenges. Throughout my career, I've served diverse populations and honed expertise in addressing depression, anxiety, stress, aging concerns, and navigating life transitions. Additionally, I've contributed as a hospice social worker, facilitating grief and loss support groups.
(215) 608-1666 View (215) 608-1666
Photo of Su Siegelman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Su Siegelman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Elkins Park, PA 19027
There are SO MANY therapists. Why come to me? Come to me if traditional talk therapy hasn’t worked for you. IFS (Internal Family Systems therapy) is a game-changer. As an experienced level 2 trained IFS therapist, I can guide you into a mildly altered state in which you will connect to and heal parts of yourself that are out of balance.
There are SO MANY therapists. Why come to me? Come to me if traditional talk therapy hasn’t worked for you. IFS (Internal Family Systems therapy) is a game-changer. As an experienced level 2 trained IFS therapist, I can guide you into a mildly altered state in which you will connect to and heal parts of yourself that are out of balance.
(267) 202-0960 View (267) 202-0960
Photo of Jennifer Constanos, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Constanos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124
Hi! I'm Jen Constanos, a seasoned licensed clinical social worker practicing in NJ, NY, and PA. I earned both my bachelor's and master's degrees in social work from Monmouth University. With 16 years of diverse experience across various settings, I'm dedicated to supporting clients through challenging emotions, fostering stronger connections, and empowering them to enact meaningful change in their lives. When I'm not in the therapy room, you'll likely find me cozied up on the couch with a good book and a cup of coffee, provided my kids and dogs give me the chance on rainy days!
Hi! I'm Jen Constanos, a seasoned licensed clinical social worker practicing in NJ, NY, and PA. I earned both my bachelor's and master's degrees in social work from Monmouth University. With 16 years of diverse experience across various settings, I'm dedicated to supporting clients through challenging emotions, fostering stronger connections, and empowering them to enact meaningful change in their lives. When I'm not in the therapy room, you'll likely find me cozied up on the couch with a good book and a cup of coffee, provided my kids and dogs give me the chance on rainy days!
(215) 918-7231 View (215) 918-7231
Photo of Jennifer Constanos, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Constanos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm Jen Constanos, a seasoned licensed clinical social worker practicing in NJ, NY, and PA. I earned both my bachelor's and master's degrees in social work from Monmouth University. With 16 years of diverse experience across various settings, I'm dedicated to supporting clients through challenging emotions, fostering stronger connections, and empowering them to enact meaningful change in their lives. When I'm not in the therapy room, you'll likely find me cozied up on the couch with a good book and a cup of coffee, provided my kids and dogs give me the chance on rainy days!
Hi! I'm Jen Constanos, a seasoned licensed clinical social worker practicing in NJ, NY, and PA. I earned both my bachelor's and master's degrees in social work from Monmouth University. With 16 years of diverse experience across various settings, I'm dedicated to supporting clients through challenging emotions, fostering stronger connections, and empowering them to enact meaningful change in their lives. When I'm not in the therapy room, you'll likely find me cozied up on the couch with a good book and a cup of coffee, provided my kids and dogs give me the chance on rainy days!
(267) 930-2748 View (267) 930-2748
Photo of Kathryn Nevin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathryn Nevin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124  (Online Only)
Greetings, I'm Kathryn Nevin, LCSW, CCTP. It's wonderful to see you seeking support and making strides to connect here! I'm here to assist with various challenges like anxiety, depression, anger, grief and loss, self-harm, and personality disorders. My focus lies particularly in trauma therapy. In our first session, I'll tailor our approach to suit your needs and optimize outcomes.
Greetings, I'm Kathryn Nevin, LCSW, CCTP. It's wonderful to see you seeking support and making strides to connect here! I'm here to assist with various challenges like anxiety, depression, anger, grief and loss, self-harm, and personality disorders. My focus lies particularly in trauma therapy. In our first session, I'll tailor our approach to suit your needs and optimize outcomes.
(267) 494-0354 View (267) 494-0354
Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists

How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?

Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?

It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?

To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?

CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.