Therapists in Bryn Mawr, PA

Photo of Joy L Miller, MS, EdS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Joy L Miller
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, EdS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
I believe that everyone needs a "non-judgmental safe-space person to talk to." I enjoy being “that person.” I see you and hear you and I also provide mental, school/academic, organizational, relational/social, and behavioral support. For example, students may want to discuss issues they are having at school, young adults may want to process relationships or careers, or parents may want support as they raise their children and navigate the school system. Many concerns lead us to look for support. Feel free to reach out to see if I can assist you as well.
I believe that everyone needs a "non-judgmental safe-space person to talk to." I enjoy being “that person.” I see you and hear you and I also provide mental, school/academic, organizational, relational/social, and behavioral support. For example, students may want to discuss issues they are having at school, young adults may want to process relationships or careers, or parents may want support as they raise their children and navigate the school system. Many concerns lead us to look for support. Feel free to reach out to see if I can assist you as well.
(484) 316-8339 View (484) 316-8339
Photo of Rachael Ariel Scott, MA, LPC, RPT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachael Ariel Scott
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
My mindfulness based, play therapy training has taught me how to help children that have gone through or may be going through a trauma. A child's language is play. A play therapy room offers a variety of mediums that will help a child safely express what they need to in order to heal through their play. My sessions also will partially include the parents, where feelings and coping skills can be discussed before the play time begins.
My mindfulness based, play therapy training has taught me how to help children that have gone through or may be going through a trauma. A child's language is play. A play therapy room offers a variety of mediums that will help a child safely express what they need to in order to heal through their play. My sessions also will partially include the parents, where feelings and coping skills can be discussed before the play time begins.
(484) 699-0930 View (484) 699-0930
Photo of Teresa Cote - Teresa Cote @ The Healing Place Counseling LLC, MA , LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teresa Cote @ The Healing Place Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010  (Online Only)
As a trauma therapist, I work with many individuals facing deep heartache and struggles that sometimes feel too overwhelming and scary. Trauma can be triggered from some experiences such as past abuse, grief, chronic illness, or being a witness to traumatic events. This can also lead to symptoms of depression, anxiety, panic, fear, phobias, irrational fears, and agitation. Trauma can also lead to negative coping skills such as addictive patterns and behaviors. I can walk alongside you in a journey of healing and assist you in coming to a place of safety and peace and help you overcome and move you towards a place of healing!
As a trauma therapist, I work with many individuals facing deep heartache and struggles that sometimes feel too overwhelming and scary. Trauma can be triggered from some experiences such as past abuse, grief, chronic illness, or being a witness to traumatic events. This can also lead to symptoms of depression, anxiety, panic, fear, phobias, irrational fears, and agitation. Trauma can also lead to negative coping skills such as addictive patterns and behaviors. I can walk alongside you in a journey of healing and assist you in coming to a place of safety and peace and help you overcome and move you towards a place of healing!
(484) 214-2574 View (484) 214-2574
Photo of Teresa Thompson, LPC, ATR-BC, CBIS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teresa Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC, CBIS
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Are you feeling stuck? I help clients feel seen, understood and empowered to create change in their lives and relationships. I see my role in the therapeutic relationship as a catalyst to help increase awareness and trust to support freedom of expression, insight, and healing. In therapy sessions, I work in collaboration with individuals and couples to identify areas that are inhibiting quality of life and focus on building existing strengths and new skills. I believe that each individual is an expert in their own lives and has the strengths and potential to actualize the change they want to see.
Are you feeling stuck? I help clients feel seen, understood and empowered to create change in their lives and relationships. I see my role in the therapeutic relationship as a catalyst to help increase awareness and trust to support freedom of expression, insight, and healing. In therapy sessions, I work in collaboration with individuals and couples to identify areas that are inhibiting quality of life and focus on building existing strengths and new skills. I believe that each individual is an expert in their own lives and has the strengths and potential to actualize the change they want to see.
(484) 443-2257 x1 View (484) 443-2257 x1
Photo of Irina Sundukova, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Irina Sundukova
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010  (Online Only)
Let’s explore some endless possibilities to empower your search for inner balance and peace, looking at your thoughts, core beliefs, how you view the world, and what’s holding you back. Let’s break free from past fears and outdated perceptions. I would like to help you work through challenging times and feelings, as well as celebrating your self-discoveries.
Let’s explore some endless possibilities to empower your search for inner balance and peace, looking at your thoughts, core beliefs, how you view the world, and what’s holding you back. Let’s break free from past fears and outdated perceptions. I would like to help you work through challenging times and feelings, as well as celebrating your self-discoveries.
(484) 969-9717 View (484) 969-9717
Photo of McKenzie Clark, MSEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
McKenzie Clark
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Your inner world is vulnerably private yet offers invaluable insight. Everyone deserves a safe space to freely explore themselves without judgement. I help my clients process past experiences, cultivate present moment awareness, and use this expertise to discover the next best steps toward a more fulfilling future. As a believer that the client is the expert on their own life, I trust each client can find the answers they need when given the space and support to discover them.
Your inner world is vulnerably private yet offers invaluable insight. Everyone deserves a safe space to freely explore themselves without judgement. I help my clients process past experiences, cultivate present moment awareness, and use this expertise to discover the next best steps toward a more fulfilling future. As a believer that the client is the expert on their own life, I trust each client can find the answers they need when given the space and support to discover them.
(484) 939-7969 View (484) 939-7969
Photo of Laura DiCesare, PsyD, MS, Psychologist
Laura DiCesare
Psychologist, PsyD, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Follow Dr.Laura.D on Instagram for Psychology Tips...While 20% of Americans have a diagnosed mental health illness, 100% of us have Mental Health! As a Positive Psychologist I, Dr. Laura DiCesare, and my Associates empower our clients with the tools to tap into their internal strengths and resources. Learning about our brains and how they work is necessary to finding more balance in life. Are you experiencing stress, anxiety, or sadness? Are you feeling alone or like no one truly listens or understands? Is there trauma from your past that is holding you back from the life you want? Then let's get started (licensed in 34 States!
Follow Dr.Laura.D on Instagram for Psychology Tips...While 20% of Americans have a diagnosed mental health illness, 100% of us have Mental Health! As a Positive Psychologist I, Dr. Laura DiCesare, and my Associates empower our clients with the tools to tap into their internal strengths and resources. Learning about our brains and how they work is necessary to finding more balance in life. Are you experiencing stress, anxiety, or sadness? Are you feeling alone or like no one truly listens or understands? Is there trauma from your past that is holding you back from the life you want? Then let's get started (licensed in 34 States!
(610) 285-1193 View (610) 285-1193
Photo of Brian M. Berman, PsyD, Psychologist
Brian M. Berman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Are you emotionally or physically hurting? Do racing thoughts or intrusive thoughts prevent you from being present in your life? I have 22 years of experience helping clients improve their anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationships, addiction (chemical, gambling, video game addiction) and more. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I use a skills-based approach to help you manage your racing thoughts, regulate difficult emotions, and overcome your trauma.
Are you emotionally or physically hurting? Do racing thoughts or intrusive thoughts prevent you from being present in your life? I have 22 years of experience helping clients improve their anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationships, addiction (chemical, gambling, video game addiction) and more. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I use a skills-based approach to help you manage your racing thoughts, regulate difficult emotions, and overcome your trauma.
(610) 285-7345 View (610) 285-7345
Photo of Brian James Flatley, MS, BS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brian James Flatley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, BS
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
I am a firm believer in the power of the therapeutic relationship. My goal is to utilize your expert knowledge of your own life in combination with my clinical background to create a better quality of life for you. We will achieve this by identifying stressors, processing unconscious troubles, and utilizing your strengths! I really enjoy witnessing the positive change in people's life that counseling makes.
I am a firm believer in the power of the therapeutic relationship. My goal is to utilize your expert knowledge of your own life in combination with my clinical background to create a better quality of life for you. We will achieve this by identifying stressors, processing unconscious troubles, and utilizing your strengths! I really enjoy witnessing the positive change in people's life that counseling makes.
(484) 749-0900 View (484) 749-0900
Photo of Patricia M Constantinian, PsyD, Psychologist
Patricia M Constantinian
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Teens, young adults, and families face challenges and hardships that may feel insurmountable. A time of great potential for personal growth for a young person and for each family member is often hindered by rigid patterns of relating and communicating. It can be difficult to start talking about what is not working and what needs to change.
Teens, young adults, and families face challenges and hardships that may feel insurmountable. A time of great potential for personal growth for a young person and for each family member is often hindered by rigid patterns of relating and communicating. It can be difficult to start talking about what is not working and what needs to change.
(267) 633-3098 View (267) 633-3098
Photo of Samantha Levinson, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Samantha Levinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
One of the main components of therapy is to provide a safe environment for clients to explore their thoughts and feelings. My office offers teletherapy play sessions with children and is also easily transformed into a space comfortable for adolescents, adults, and couples. For more than 15 years, I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults with behavioral and emotional challenges. My professional experience consists of working in a variety of settings including: in-home therapy, outpatient, and group practice. My clinical areas of specialty include: anxiety, depression, mood disorders, ADHD, OCD, autism and trauma.
One of the main components of therapy is to provide a safe environment for clients to explore their thoughts and feelings. My office offers teletherapy play sessions with children and is also easily transformed into a space comfortable for adolescents, adults, and couples. For more than 15 years, I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults with behavioral and emotional challenges. My professional experience consists of working in a variety of settings including: in-home therapy, outpatient, and group practice. My clinical areas of specialty include: anxiety, depression, mood disorders, ADHD, OCD, autism and trauma.
(484) 214-2429 View (484) 214-2429
Photo of Julia Vahlsing, PsyD, Psychologist
Julia Vahlsing
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Dr. Vahlsing is experienced in treating children, adolescents, and adults. She has specialized interests in treating all types of anxiety, depression, parenting concerns, self-esteem issues, grief issues, college stress, trauma, and developmental concerns. By virtue of a diverse training background, Dr. Vahlsing utilizes a variety of treatment orientations in her approach to therapy designed to meet the specific needs of individuals or families seeking care, although she is grounded in a cognitive-behavioral framework.
Dr. Vahlsing is experienced in treating children, adolescents, and adults. She has specialized interests in treating all types of anxiety, depression, parenting concerns, self-esteem issues, grief issues, college stress, trauma, and developmental concerns. By virtue of a diverse training background, Dr. Vahlsing utilizes a variety of treatment orientations in her approach to therapy designed to meet the specific needs of individuals or families seeking care, although she is grounded in a cognitive-behavioral framework.
(484) 969-9392 View (484) 969-9392
Photo of Kristina Ferrari - Kristina Ferrari | Modern Relationship Therapy, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristina Ferrari | Modern Relationship Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
When you met your partner you likely didn't notice them across the room and say — "That looks like someone I could solve problems with." What attracts us to people initially usually has little to do with the factors that make conflict resolution possible — let alone productive and connective. Nobody teaches us how to do conflict well. It’s not a class in high school (although it absolutely should be). We aren’t born with these tools. In fact, some of our biology actively works against us here because our nervous system is wired to detect threat.
When you met your partner you likely didn't notice them across the room and say — "That looks like someone I could solve problems with." What attracts us to people initially usually has little to do with the factors that make conflict resolution possible — let alone productive and connective. Nobody teaches us how to do conflict well. It’s not a class in high school (although it absolutely should be). We aren’t born with these tools. In fact, some of our biology actively works against us here because our nervous system is wired to detect threat.
(484) 265-9532 View (484) 265-9532
Photo of Paula Durlofsky, PhD, Psychologist
Paula Durlofsky
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Welcome to my practice! My practice has a focus on psychological issues affecting individuals, couples, and families. I use a combination of psychoanalytic, psychodynamic and dialectical behavioral therapies. Psychoanalytic-psychodynamic therapy strives for personal growth through insight-oriented approaches. Dialectical behavioral therapies examine thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and the relationships and patterns between them. Additionally, I am the Co-Director of the Psychoanalytic-Psychotherapy Certification Program at the Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia.
Welcome to my practice! My practice has a focus on psychological issues affecting individuals, couples, and families. I use a combination of psychoanalytic, psychodynamic and dialectical behavioral therapies. Psychoanalytic-psychodynamic therapy strives for personal growth through insight-oriented approaches. Dialectical behavioral therapies examine thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and the relationships and patterns between them. Additionally, I am the Co-Director of the Psychoanalytic-Psychotherapy Certification Program at the Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia.
(610) 527-1107 View (610) 527-1107
Photo of Leon Gellert, PsyD, Psychologist
Leon Gellert
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Discussing our concerns in therapy can be daunting, so my goal is to create a space where clients can be comfortable enough to engage with uncomfortable thoughts, emotions, and experiences. In my career I have worked at University Counseling Centers including NYU, Drexel, and SJU, and also with Veterans at the Brooklyn VA. Through these experiences I have worked with individuals from varied backgrounds who have come to work on a range of issues ranging from managing the difficulties of growing independence to the significant impacts of past traumatic experiences.
Discussing our concerns in therapy can be daunting, so my goal is to create a space where clients can be comfortable enough to engage with uncomfortable thoughts, emotions, and experiences. In my career I have worked at University Counseling Centers including NYU, Drexel, and SJU, and also with Veterans at the Brooklyn VA. Through these experiences I have worked with individuals from varied backgrounds who have come to work on a range of issues ranging from managing the difficulties of growing independence to the significant impacts of past traumatic experiences.
(484) 559-7545 View (484) 559-7545
Photo of Stephanie Newberg, MEd, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Newberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
I am dedicated to providing each individual, couple, and family with quality, individualized care. I strive to help my clients feel heard, and to learn new coping strategies and relationship skills so that they can lead more meaningful, healthy, and intimate lives. I work with clients who are dedicated to their own personal growth and self-awareness and who want to work on decreasing stress, depression, anxiety, and family conflict in their lives. I value helping my clients to have quality relationships in which they can feel accepted and understood.
I am dedicated to providing each individual, couple, and family with quality, individualized care. I strive to help my clients feel heard, and to learn new coping strategies and relationship skills so that they can lead more meaningful, healthy, and intimate lives. I work with clients who are dedicated to their own personal growth and self-awareness and who want to work on decreasing stress, depression, anxiety, and family conflict in their lives. I value helping my clients to have quality relationships in which they can feel accepted and understood.
(610) 628-4527 View (610) 628-4527
Photo of Annie Wald, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Annie Wald
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Are you feeling distant from each other in your marriage? Have painful hurts piled up and pushed you apart? As you juggle careers and kids does your life together feel more and more miserable? Maybe you have tried to change how you relate, but you feel stuck. In the safe space of therapy, I will listen to you both as we identify the ruts you get trapped in and the strengths that help keep you together.
Are you feeling distant from each other in your marriage? Have painful hurts piled up and pushed you apart? As you juggle careers and kids does your life together feel more and more miserable? Maybe you have tried to change how you relate, but you feel stuck. In the safe space of therapy, I will listen to you both as we identify the ruts you get trapped in and the strengths that help keep you together.
(484) 324-8665 View (484) 324-8665
Photo of Patrick Smith, LPC, CAADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Patrick Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010  (Online Only)
In my experience, all of us will ultimately experience problems that seem to overwhelm our normal abilities to cope. Life is hard and we need outlets to process those difficult times. I’ve worked with a variety of clients that have experienced anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, codependency, PTSD, substance abuse/addiction, anger management, marital/relationship issues, grief and loss, trauma & abuse, stress management and OCD. All of my sessions are currently virtual.
In my experience, all of us will ultimately experience problems that seem to overwhelm our normal abilities to cope. Life is hard and we need outlets to process those difficult times. I’ve worked with a variety of clients that have experienced anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, codependency, PTSD, substance abuse/addiction, anger management, marital/relationship issues, grief and loss, trauma & abuse, stress management and OCD. All of my sessions are currently virtual.
(570) 623-1659 View (570) 623-1659
Photo of Betsy Leatherman, MS,  LPC, CAADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Betsy Leatherman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Are you overwhelmed? Discouraged? Uncertain about the future? Those who are experiencing career changes, shifting family dynamics and those who are trying to find greater self-identity are some of the people that I truly enjoy partnering with in a therapeutic relationship for growth. Relationship concerns, adapting to changes both expected and unexpected, parenting, career and future planning, just "adulting" in general...these are all areas that can go from you feeling great about life to becoming enormous stressors. If you answered "yes", please reach out! We can partner in creating a plan for personal growth and success.
Are you overwhelmed? Discouraged? Uncertain about the future? Those who are experiencing career changes, shifting family dynamics and those who are trying to find greater self-identity are some of the people that I truly enjoy partnering with in a therapeutic relationship for growth. Relationship concerns, adapting to changes both expected and unexpected, parenting, career and future planning, just "adulting" in general...these are all areas that can go from you feeling great about life to becoming enormous stressors. If you answered "yes", please reach out! We can partner in creating a plan for personal growth and success.
(484) 276-1360 View (484) 276-1360
Photo of Peter C Badgio, PhD, Psychologist
Peter C Badgio
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
I have been a psychologist for over 25 years, providing therapy and assessment services on an individualized, personal basis to people seeking help for many different aspects of life. I have expertise in neuropsychology, psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. I will respond to all calls directly. Your needs will be addressed privately and personally. From the time of the initial inquiry throughout the assessment and therapy process, your comfort and confidentiality is assured.
I have been a psychologist for over 25 years, providing therapy and assessment services on an individualized, personal basis to people seeking help for many different aspects of life. I have expertise in neuropsychology, psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. I will respond to all calls directly. Your needs will be addressed privately and personally. From the time of the initial inquiry throughout the assessment and therapy process, your comfort and confidentiality is assured.
(610) 628-4611 View (610) 628-4611
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bryn Mawr, PA

300+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Bryn Mawr, PA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
66% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress
62% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
55% Highmark
54% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Bryn Mawr, PA see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bryn Mawr?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.