Sexual Addiction Therapists in Ambler, PA

Photo of Michele Saffier, LMFT, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michele Saffier
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
Ambler, PA 19002
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist and certified sex addiction therapist as well as Level 3 EMDR practitioner. I have been been practicing for over 25 years. I have specialized in infidelity, chronic infidelity, betrayal trauma and sexual addiction treatment since 1996 with a particular interest in working with partners. I develop partners programs utilizing the trauma model which views the partner as a victim of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. My private practice office is Blue Bell, Pennsylvania where I conduct groups, individual, couples and family therapy for sexual compulsion, partners and their families.
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist and certified sex addiction therapist as well as Level 3 EMDR practitioner. I have been been practicing for over 25 years. I have specialized in infidelity, chronic infidelity, betrayal trauma and sexual addiction treatment since 1996 with a particular interest in working with partners. I develop partners programs utilizing the trauma model which views the partner as a victim of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. My private practice office is Blue Bell, Pennsylvania where I conduct groups, individual, couples and family therapy for sexual compulsion, partners and their families.
(215) 600-4764 View (215) 600-4764
Photo of Stephanie Fudge, LPC, NCC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephanie Fudge
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
Ambler, PA 19002
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor that follows a strength-based, client-centered approach. As a therapist, I believe it is important to be genuine in all aspects, while being able to utilize an eclectic approach in order to fit the needs of those seeking guidance. After graduating from Marywood University with a masters degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, I worked in both outpatient and inpatient settings and have gained experience working with those who struggle with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, chemical dependency, grief and loss, self-esteem, assertiveness, and relationships (couples families etc).
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor that follows a strength-based, client-centered approach. As a therapist, I believe it is important to be genuine in all aspects, while being able to utilize an eclectic approach in order to fit the needs of those seeking guidance. After graduating from Marywood University with a masters degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, I worked in both outpatient and inpatient settings and have gained experience working with those who struggle with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, chemical dependency, grief and loss, self-esteem, assertiveness, and relationships (couples families etc).
(267) 656-6046 View (267) 656-6046
Photo of Frank Yaeger, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Frank Yaeger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Ambler, PA 19002
Frank is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with many years’ experience working with adolescents, adults, couples, and family dynamics in inpatient, outpatient, and chemical depended facilities. Frank specializes in treating ADHD, depression, anxiety, relationship problems, multi-level trauma, grief and loss, substance use, mood disorders, communication and intimacy challenges, anger management, problems related to internal and external stressors, career paths, life transitions: large and small, and increasing one’s self-worth: value and esteem.
Frank is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with many years’ experience working with adolescents, adults, couples, and family dynamics in inpatient, outpatient, and chemical depended facilities. Frank specializes in treating ADHD, depression, anxiety, relationship problems, multi-level trauma, grief and loss, substance use, mood disorders, communication and intimacy challenges, anger management, problems related to internal and external stressors, career paths, life transitions: large and small, and increasing one’s self-worth: value and esteem.
(215) 944-5431 View (215) 944-5431
Angela DeSantis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Ambler, PA 19002  (Online Only)
With a strong background in working with a diverse range of clients, I have honed my skills as a clinician in addressing a wide array of mental health challenges. From assisting individuals struggling with sexual and pornography addiction to guiding clients through the complexities of anxiety, depression, and self-harm, I am dedicated to supporting individuals in their journey towards healing and growth. My experience extends to working with victims of sexual abuse and domestic violence, as well as individuals with domestic violence offenses, providing crucial guidance in anger management and emotional regulation.
With a strong background in working with a diverse range of clients, I have honed my skills as a clinician in addressing a wide array of mental health challenges. From assisting individuals struggling with sexual and pornography addiction to guiding clients through the complexities of anxiety, depression, and self-harm, I am dedicated to supporting individuals in their journey towards healing and growth. My experience extends to working with victims of sexual abuse and domestic violence, as well as individuals with domestic violence offenses, providing crucial guidance in anger management and emotional regulation.
(267) 310-1945 View (267) 310-1945
Photo of Andrew H. Johanson Jr, DMin, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Andrew H. Johanson Jr
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMin, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ambler, PA 19002  (Online Only)
I believe one of the most important parts of the counseling process is to develop a trusting caring relationship. With this relationship, much can be gained from the counseling sessions. I have worked well with individuals and families who have emotional pain. For many clients, helping them understand what creates such emotional pain, gaining insights puts them on a path for a more fulfilling life. In my practice I work with individuals who have sadness, depression, loss, relationship difficulties, family difficulties, sexual challenges and sexual abuse. My mission in therapy is to respect each client, and walk with them at their healing pace, I believe if we walk together on this healing journey life will be better.
I believe one of the most important parts of the counseling process is to develop a trusting caring relationship. With this relationship, much can be gained from the counseling sessions. I have worked well with individuals and families who have emotional pain. For many clients, helping them understand what creates such emotional pain, gaining insights puts them on a path for a more fulfilling life. In my practice I work with individuals who have sadness, depression, loss, relationship difficulties, family difficulties, sexual challenges and sexual abuse. My mission in therapy is to respect each client, and walk with them at their healing pace, I believe if we walk together on this healing journey life will be better.
(215) 995-5066 View (215) 995-5066
Photo of Veronica Haggerty, MA, RN, MFT
Veronica Haggerty
MA, RN, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ambler, PA 19002
Are you in crisis? Do you feel stuck? I work with many people who feel this way and have helped them to understand and embrace their experiences. As a marriage and family therapist, I can help you figure things out. I will work with you to explore the stresses in your life and sort out what makes you feel happy and fulfilled. You owe this to yourself and the people who care about you to act now. Most people wait 7 years to seek help. Don't be that person. www.NewHopeForYourRelationships.com
Are you in crisis? Do you feel stuck? I work with many people who feel this way and have helped them to understand and embrace their experiences. As a marriage and family therapist, I can help you figure things out. I will work with you to explore the stresses in your life and sort out what makes you feel happy and fulfilled. You owe this to yourself and the people who care about you to act now. Most people wait 7 years to seek help. Don't be that person. www.NewHopeForYourRelationships.com
(267) 436-7589 View (267) 436-7589
Photo of Suzanne Robison, PsyD, LPC, CCDP, Psychologist
Suzanne Robison
Psychologist, PsyD, LPC, CCDP
Verified Verified
Ambler, PA 19002
Thank you for checking out my profile. I primarily work with adults and adolescents, but occasionally work with children. My focus is on addictions, mood disorders, or personality disorders. Because of the high rate of trauma with addictions and personality disorders, I offer trauma informed care and best practices to all of my clients. For over 10 years I have run an adolescent Dialectic Behavior Therapy (DBT) group for adolescents and young adults who self harm or have self destructive behaviors. Finally, I offer crisis and health and wellness seminars to local businesses in need.
Thank you for checking out my profile. I primarily work with adults and adolescents, but occasionally work with children. My focus is on addictions, mood disorders, or personality disorders. Because of the high rate of trauma with addictions and personality disorders, I offer trauma informed care and best practices to all of my clients. For over 10 years I have run an adolescent Dialectic Behavior Therapy (DBT) group for adolescents and young adults who self harm or have self destructive behaviors. Finally, I offer crisis and health and wellness seminars to local businesses in need.
(610) 247-6782 View (610) 247-6782

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Mary L Deitch, JD, PsyD, Psychologist
Mary L Deitch
Psychologist, JD, PsyD
Verified Verified
Lafayette Hill, PA 19444
I specialize in problematic sexual behaviors (sexual addiction, paraphilia, sexual offending), physicians with boundary issues or disruptive behaviors, assessment and education.
I have worked with problematic sexual behaviors and physician boundary issues for over a decade and have a passion for helping clients find answers. Often the behavior is not the issue but the client's reaction to the behavior or there are underlying reasons for why they are engaging in maladaptive behaviors. Each client is unique and the issue is often about unmet needs for nurturing, control, power, love and connection. Helping clients find the answers, their resiliency, and improve their healthy sexuality is an amazing part of the work that we do together.
I specialize in problematic sexual behaviors (sexual addiction, paraphilia, sexual offending), physicians with boundary issues or disruptive behaviors, assessment and education.
I have worked with problematic sexual behaviors and physician boundary issues for over a decade and have a passion for helping clients find answers. Often the behavior is not the issue but the client's reaction to the behavior or there are underlying reasons for why they are engaging in maladaptive behaviors. Each client is unique and the issue is often about unmet needs for nurturing, control, power, love and connection. Helping clients find the answers, their resiliency, and improve their healthy sexuality is an amazing part of the work that we do together.
(484) 514-1665 View (484) 514-1665
Photo of Jennifer Weeks, PhD, LPC, CAADC, CSAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Weeks
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CAADC, CSAT
Verified Verified
Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462
The decision to seek treatment is often very difficult. I work to make the therapeutic environment comfortable, offering a non-judgmental arena to work on issues of addiction, sexual addiction and trauma. I work to meet the client where they are in the moment and help guide them on the journey to recovery, well-being and peace of mind
The decision to seek treatment is often very difficult. I work to make the therapeutic environment comfortable, offering a non-judgmental arena to work on issues of addiction, sexual addiction and trauma. I work to meet the client where they are in the moment and help guide them on the journey to recovery, well-being and peace of mind
(908) 444-0215 View (908) 444-0215
Photo of Carmella Bond Jackson, MS, MBA, LPC, CAADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Carmella Bond Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MBA, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jenkintown, PA 19046
Because I understand that addiction is bigger than drugs and alcohol, I have received training specific to sexual addiction, problem gambling and trauma.
I am an addiction and trauma specialist with 15+ years of experience helping individuals, couples and families travel the road to recovery. I've worked as a sexual abuse case manager, drug and alcohol counselor, trauma group facilitator and military family consultant. I use an integrative approach rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing to assist in the development of new, applicable coping skills, constructive processing and identification of concrete ways of managing after the therapeutic experience has ended. I hope that you'll allow me to help you and those most important to you journey towards wellness.
Because I understand that addiction is bigger than drugs and alcohol, I have received training specific to sexual addiction, problem gambling and trauma.
I am an addiction and trauma specialist with 15+ years of experience helping individuals, couples and families travel the road to recovery. I've worked as a sexual abuse case manager, drug and alcohol counselor, trauma group facilitator and military family consultant. I use an integrative approach rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Motivational Interviewing to assist in the development of new, applicable coping skills, constructive processing and identification of concrete ways of managing after the therapeutic experience has ended. I hope that you'll allow me to help you and those most important to you journey towards wellness.
(267) 433-4503 View (267) 433-4503
Photo of Robert J Moore, MDiv, PsyD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robert J Moore
Licensed Professional Counselor, MDiv, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462
I also have focused treatment for those with various addictions, especially sexual addiction.
Having extensive experience, I use empirically supported therapies, and have treated a wide range of ages as well as the most serious disorders. It is my belief that salient therapy treats a client in 3 different directions: top-down (spiritual dimension), inside out (healing of memories), and outside-in (Cognitive-Behavioral and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy). After a thorough assessment, I would identify with my client, determine problems on which to work, set appropriate goals, and determine the correct therapeutic intervention(s) to be used. Meeting those goals would be a therapeutic benchmark throughout the therapy.
I also have focused treatment for those with various addictions, especially sexual addiction.
Having extensive experience, I use empirically supported therapies, and have treated a wide range of ages as well as the most serious disorders. It is my belief that salient therapy treats a client in 3 different directions: top-down (spiritual dimension), inside out (healing of memories), and outside-in (Cognitive-Behavioral and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy). After a thorough assessment, I would identify with my client, determine problems on which to work, set appropriate goals, and determine the correct therapeutic intervention(s) to be used. Meeting those goals would be a therapeutic benchmark throughout the therapy.
(215) 642-0949 View (215) 642-0949
Photo of Arlene S Rosen, LMFT, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Arlene S Rosen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Blue Bell, PA 19422
Sometimes we struggle to improve our relationships, feeling frustrated or stuck. If you are unsure of how to make the changes needed to have more tranquility in your relationships or make improvements in your life, I would like to help you to meet these challenges. I utilize an integrative, solution focused approach when working with clients facilitating a respectful and compassionate environment to encourage growth, change and effective communication through personal accountability and fairness in relationships.
Sometimes we struggle to improve our relationships, feeling frustrated or stuck. If you are unsure of how to make the changes needed to have more tranquility in your relationships or make improvements in your life, I would like to help you to meet these challenges. I utilize an integrative, solution focused approach when working with clients facilitating a respectful and compassionate environment to encourage growth, change and effective communication through personal accountability and fairness in relationships.
(610) 813-2787 View (610) 813-2787
Photo of Alphonse Pignataro, LMFT, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alphonse Pignataro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Willow Grove, PA 19090
"As an interactive, solution-focused therapist, my treatment approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients address current life challenges and long-standing issues to make important changes. My study of Family Systems Theory informs my practice and is a great resource in working with clients. With compassion and understanding, I help individuals set goals; find resolutions to a wide range of personal concerns and psychological issues. I will work in collaboration with the client to come to terms with the tension, and begin the process of integration and healing. I have over 16 years experience in private practice working with individuals, couples, families and groups.
"As an interactive, solution-focused therapist, my treatment approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients address current life challenges and long-standing issues to make important changes. My study of Family Systems Theory informs my practice and is a great resource in working with clients. With compassion and understanding, I help individuals set goals; find resolutions to a wide range of personal concerns and psychological issues. I will work in collaboration with the client to come to terms with the tension, and begin the process of integration and healing. I have over 16 years experience in private practice working with individuals, couples, families and groups.
(215) 995-1185 View (215) 995-1185
Photo of Sameh Shaker, STM, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Sameh Shaker
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, STM
Verified Verified
Blue Bell, PA 19422
I am a PhD intern in Marriage and Family Therapy. I focus on attachment studies, including Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), which I utilize in my work with individuals and couples. In my master’s degree, I focused on trauma and grief. I have over 12 years of experience working with clients who have experienced chronic and terminal illnesses, grief, and loss in the palliative and hospice care field. I also work with couples who experience emotional and sexual distress in their relationships.
I am a PhD intern in Marriage and Family Therapy. I focus on attachment studies, including Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), which I utilize in my work with individuals and couples. In my master’s degree, I focused on trauma and grief. I have over 12 years of experience working with clients who have experienced chronic and terminal illnesses, grief, and loss in the palliative and hospice care field. I also work with couples who experience emotional and sexual distress in their relationships.
(484) 739-1859 View (484) 739-1859
Photo of Daniel White, LPC, CADC, CSAT, EMDR, trained, Licensed Professional Counselor
Daniel White
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC, CSAT, EMDR, trained
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
You have taken the first step toward healing and personal growth. Courage comes from knowing ourselves and loving each imperfection. Working together, we will walk on the path of healing and explore the pain and challenges that have brought you here. As a Licensed Professional Counselor with 20 years of clinical experience, I can help equip you with helpful resources to become empowered when facing difficult circumstances in life.
You have taken the first step toward healing and personal growth. Courage comes from knowing ourselves and loving each imperfection. Working together, we will walk on the path of healing and explore the pain and challenges that have brought you here. As a Licensed Professional Counselor with 20 years of clinical experience, I can help equip you with helpful resources to become empowered when facing difficult circumstances in life.
(267) 732-1269 View (267) 732-1269
Photo of Dr. Tom Murray Sex And Relationship Therapist, SexTher, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Tom Murray Sex And Relationship Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, SexTher, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gladwyne, PA 19035  (Online Only)
Should I stay or should I go? A huge question that's weighed on you. It keeps you up at night, stressing you out. Life would be so much easier if your relationship wasn't so hard. You wish you could communicate better; feel understood. But, damn, your shit and their shit get in the way. Not to mention the pressures of career, aging parents, or demanding children. It all gets thrown in the mix, leaving you exhausted, distracted, and disenchanted by the status quo. You want things to change (better sex, intimacy, connection); you're finally ready to take charge of your life in a new and meaningful way. You've come to the right place!
Should I stay or should I go? A huge question that's weighed on you. It keeps you up at night, stressing you out. Life would be so much easier if your relationship wasn't so hard. You wish you could communicate better; feel understood. But, damn, your shit and their shit get in the way. Not to mention the pressures of career, aging parents, or demanding children. It all gets thrown in the mix, leaving you exhausted, distracted, and disenchanted by the status quo. You want things to change (better sex, intimacy, connection); you're finally ready to take charge of your life in a new and meaningful way. You've come to the right place!
(412) 385-4862 View (412) 385-4862
Photo of Dr. John Howe, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. John Howe
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Are you engaging in persistent, compulsive behavior that brings little satisfaction and damages how you relate to others at home, at work or in social settings? Disturbances of the inner self can interfere with joy, love, and satisfaction in living. Frustration, anger, sorrow and loss, disappointment become repetitious and even predictable. If so, it is time to do something to relieve these ineffective experiences in living. I am a licensed psychologist with 35 years experience helping clients with stress and anxiety, sexual and relationship issues, and the effects of personality disorders.
Are you engaging in persistent, compulsive behavior that brings little satisfaction and damages how you relate to others at home, at work or in social settings? Disturbances of the inner self can interfere with joy, love, and satisfaction in living. Frustration, anger, sorrow and loss, disappointment become repetitious and even predictable. If so, it is time to do something to relieve these ineffective experiences in living. I am a licensed psychologist with 35 years experience helping clients with stress and anxiety, sexual and relationship issues, and the effects of personality disorders.
(215) 565-0317 View (215) 565-0317
Photo of Theresa J Armstrong, MA, LPC, CSAT, CMAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Theresa J Armstrong
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CSAT, CMAT
Verified Verified
Montgomeryville, PA 18936
I’ve been in the counseling field for nearly 30 years and continue to feel passionate about helping each person, family or couple. As a faith-based therapist I integrate my clinical experience & training with biblical beliefs in my treatment approach. Healthy relationships are vital to living a satisfying and fulfilling life. The first step in healing is self-awareness. Understanding your emotions and thoughts can guide you in establishing healthy boundaries. Second, grasping the body-mind connection is vital to the transformation process. Lastly, identifying your attachment style can improve your friendships, marriage and family.
I’ve been in the counseling field for nearly 30 years and continue to feel passionate about helping each person, family or couple. As a faith-based therapist I integrate my clinical experience & training with biblical beliefs in my treatment approach. Healthy relationships are vital to living a satisfying and fulfilling life. The first step in healing is self-awareness. Understanding your emotions and thoughts can guide you in establishing healthy boundaries. Second, grasping the body-mind connection is vital to the transformation process. Lastly, identifying your attachment style can improve your friendships, marriage and family.
(215) 631-3408 View (215) 631-3408
Photo of Diane Wieland, PhD, MSN, RN, PMHCNS, BC
Diane Wieland
PhD, MSN, RN, PMHCNS, BC
Verified Verified
Lansdale, PA 19446
Are you having difficulty coping at work or at home with depression, anxiety, or feeling overwhelmed and stressed? Are you experiencing family issues, grief, job loss, or bullying? Are excessive computer use, and other forms of Internet addiction problematic? Do you have a sex addiction? I am credentialed to see adults, couples, families, and teens age 14 and older. I specialize in treatment of depression, anxiety, grief, women's issues, computer addiction, sex addiction, and workplace bullying. I will listen to you and not rush you during your appointments.I am active in NAMI and the American Psychiatric Nurses Association.
Are you having difficulty coping at work or at home with depression, anxiety, or feeling overwhelmed and stressed? Are you experiencing family issues, grief, job loss, or bullying? Are excessive computer use, and other forms of Internet addiction problematic? Do you have a sex addiction? I am credentialed to see adults, couples, families, and teens age 14 and older. I specialize in treatment of depression, anxiety, grief, women's issues, computer addiction, sex addiction, and workplace bullying. I will listen to you and not rush you during your appointments.I am active in NAMI and the American Psychiatric Nurses Association.
(215) 688-5943 View (215) 688-5943
Photo of Jeannette M. Cutshaw, MFT, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jeannette M. Cutshaw
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002
Everyday all of us struggle with multiple demands and expectations placed upon us, both externally and from within. Sometimes the demands become overwhelming, and we find ourselves experiencing a sense of sadness we cannot name, questioning our needs and wants, or wondering what our role is. Complexities in relationships create many challenges. Couples can find themselves struggling with a multitude of emotions that vacillate from love, joy and pleasure to disappointment, fear, anger and resentment. Learning how to develop and sustain a connected, fulfilling, intimate relationship can be difficult but well worth the investment.
Everyday all of us struggle with multiple demands and expectations placed upon us, both externally and from within. Sometimes the demands become overwhelming, and we find ourselves experiencing a sense of sadness we cannot name, questioning our needs and wants, or wondering what our role is. Complexities in relationships create many challenges. Couples can find themselves struggling with a multitude of emotions that vacillate from love, joy and pleasure to disappointment, fear, anger and resentment. Learning how to develop and sustain a connected, fulfilling, intimate relationship can be difficult but well worth the investment.
(215) 600-4780 View (215) 600-4780
Sexual Addiction Therapists

When should someone seek treatment for sex addiction?

People should seek treatment for sex addiction if they cannot control their sexual thoughts or behaviours to the point that it disrupts their ability to function in daily life, for example by threatening their finances, career, or relationships. This may include spending an excessive amount of time obsessing over sex, planning sex, watching pornography, or masturbating, as well as consistently engaging in risky sexual activities, using sex to escape distressing feelings, or attempting yet failing to control sexual behavior.

What are the most common treatment options for sex addiction?

Psychotherapy is the most common treatment for sex addiction; therapy helps patients better understand their compulsive thoughts and behaviors and develop strategies to manage their desires. Therapy may be supplemented by medications, such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anti-androgens, and the alcohol and substance use medication Naltrexone, as well as support groups, such as 12-step programs.

How long does therapy take for sex addiction?

Recovering from compulsive behavior takes time and effort. There’s no precise timeline for treatment, but research suggests 12 therapy sessions may be enough to see change. Treatment for sexual compulsions requires honesty in therapy, a commitment to understanding triggers and developing coping skills, and potential lifestyle changes such as cutting out alcohol or drugs.

What if sex addiction is left untreated?

Compulsive sexual behavior can have serious repercussions if left unaddressed. For example, if sexual obsessions consume the vast majority of a person’s time, they may lose their job. If they can’t stop paying for sex, their finances may suffer. If they’re dishonest in their relationships, their partner may leave them. If they consistently feel shame, they may struggle with anxiety, depression, or loneliness. Therapy can help people develop the tools to manage sexual thoughts and behaviors that feel uncontrollable.