Therapists in Douglas County, OR

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Photo of Rand G. Hunt - Rand Hunt, MS, LPC, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rand Hunt, MS, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roseburg, OR 97471
I am here to help, dedicated to your happiness and peace of mind. My first concern is you, not money. You have the abilities you need to live happy but sometimes life gets in the way. Together we can cultivate your own skills to live your life your way.
I am here to help, dedicated to your happiness and peace of mind. My first concern is you, not money. You have the abilities you need to live happy but sometimes life gets in the way. Together we can cultivate your own skills to live your life your way.
(541) 313-3509 View (541) 313-3509
Photo of Randy Olander, PhD, MA, Psychologist
Randy Olander
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97471
Life, at times, is chaotic and absurd. So often we carry burdens born out of stress, heartache, frustration, sadness, anger, and confusion. Often we find ourselves in a place where things need sorting out--a safe place to discover clarity. I love working with individuals to build on what is working for them as a person. Understanding your interests, how you see yourself, the world, and other people who have a place in your life. Let's find the barriers that keep you from greater insight. This is vital to your growth as an individual. I would be honored to participate with you in finding your path to peace, success, and joy.
Life, at times, is chaotic and absurd. So often we carry burdens born out of stress, heartache, frustration, sadness, anger, and confusion. Often we find ourselves in a place where things need sorting out--a safe place to discover clarity. I love working with individuals to build on what is working for them as a person. Understanding your interests, how you see yourself, the world, and other people who have a place in your life. Let's find the barriers that keep you from greater insight. This is vital to your growth as an individual. I would be honored to participate with you in finding your path to peace, success, and joy.
(458) 217-6305 View (458) 217-6305
Photo of Janean Francis, LCSW-MT, LCSW-OR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janean Francis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-MT, LCSW-OR
Verified Verified
Reedsport, OR 97467
Tell me your story in person or by telehealth (video or telephone). The Hide Away Project is a safe place for people to get help moving past feeling stuck, in pain and experiencing loneliness. Being human means searching for and finding what we want out of life. I believe change is the key to solving some of life's difficulties. Yet, change takes looking at things in a different way that can be difficult when feeling overwhelmed. This is where I can be helpful collaborating with you to develop a sense of self awareness to emotions, thoughts, behavior and the creation of strengths, resources and coping skills to manage your life.
Tell me your story in person or by telehealth (video or telephone). The Hide Away Project is a safe place for people to get help moving past feeling stuck, in pain and experiencing loneliness. Being human means searching for and finding what we want out of life. I believe change is the key to solving some of life's difficulties. Yet, change takes looking at things in a different way that can be difficult when feeling overwhelmed. This is where I can be helpful collaborating with you to develop a sense of self awareness to emotions, thoughts, behavior and the creation of strengths, resources and coping skills to manage your life.
(541) 293-0808 View (541) 293-0808
Photo of Meredith Concepcion, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meredith Concepcion
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97470
I am a licensed clinical social worker in Roseburg, Oregon. I have several years of experience working with all ages, cultural backgrounds and struggles. I am a sand tray therapist and am also working on completing my credentials as a substance abuse therapist. I am easy going, patient and compassionate. I am willing to work with you through your journey of healing, working with you, getting to know you and supporting you. I have a small practice for a more personal experience.
I am a licensed clinical social worker in Roseburg, Oregon. I have several years of experience working with all ages, cultural backgrounds and struggles. I am a sand tray therapist and am also working on completing my credentials as a substance abuse therapist. I am easy going, patient and compassionate. I am willing to work with you through your journey of healing, working with you, getting to know you and supporting you. I have a small practice for a more personal experience.
(541) 900-1839 View (541) 900-1839
Photo of Jessica Brake, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Brake
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97471
Not accepting new clients
I am starting an online class series on self-care, visit my website for more details timetobrake.com. Spirituality is an important part of the counseling process. Sometimes the reason that we are having issues with depression and anxiety is because we are not being true to our life purpose, have not found it yet, or we are trying to live a life that is not authentic to ourselves. Getting to know ourselves better, figuring out who we are and what we want out of life, learning to live our lives in a joyful and happy way will help us to feel better overall and reduce stress, anxiety, and sadness. That is where I come in.
I am starting an online class series on self-care, visit my website for more details timetobrake.com. Spirituality is an important part of the counseling process. Sometimes the reason that we are having issues with depression and anxiety is because we are not being true to our life purpose, have not found it yet, or we are trying to live a life that is not authentic to ourselves. Getting to know ourselves better, figuring out who we are and what we want out of life, learning to live our lives in a joyful and happy way will help us to feel better overall and reduce stress, anxiety, and sadness. That is where I come in.
(541) 378-6905 View (541) 378-6905
Photo of Zarasun Murphy, MSW, CSWA, BS
Zarasun Murphy
Clinical Social Work Associate, MSW, CSWA, BS
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97471
We each have within us a spark, though it may become dimmed or buried deeply through life's trials and trauma. Fortunately, with proper guidance and support, everyone has insight and wisdom within to grow and ignite their innate radiance, to embrace healing and growth. As a spiritually-based holistic wellbeing practitioner, I offer a dynamic approach to healing for each individual, by drawing on my two decades of experience working in the fields of health, wellness, balance, and healing.
We each have within us a spark, though it may become dimmed or buried deeply through life's trials and trauma. Fortunately, with proper guidance and support, everyone has insight and wisdom within to grow and ignite their innate radiance, to embrace healing and growth. As a spiritually-based holistic wellbeing practitioner, I offer a dynamic approach to healing for each individual, by drawing on my two decades of experience working in the fields of health, wellness, balance, and healing.
(541) 502-2919 View (541) 502-2919
Photo of Dr. Thaen Saelee, PsyD, EMDR, Psychologist
Dr. Thaen Saelee
Psychologist, PsyD, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Roseburg, OR 97471  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I operate from a trauma-informed lens. I use evidence-based, holistic, and indigenous healing practices in working through trauma. We all deserve safety in our connection to others, the world and ourselves. As a third-culture psychologist, my empathy well runs deep. I am here to support anyone working on acceptance, belonging, compassion and safety. My method targets stuck places in your past that still interfere with your life today. I have been a counselor for over 15 years. I find meaning in the stability I’ve co-created with folx. I would love to hear from you if these are themes that resonate with you.
I operate from a trauma-informed lens. I use evidence-based, holistic, and indigenous healing practices in working through trauma. We all deserve safety in our connection to others, the world and ourselves. As a third-culture psychologist, my empathy well runs deep. I am here to support anyone working on acceptance, belonging, compassion and safety. My method targets stuck places in your past that still interfere with your life today. I have been a counselor for over 15 years. I find meaning in the stability I’ve co-created with folx. I would love to hear from you if these are themes that resonate with you.
(458) 237-4979 View (458) 237-4979
Photo of Casey Kohl, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Casey Kohl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97470
Welcome! My name is Casey and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience. I work to provide a calm and peaceful environment where healing can happen. In treatment I focus heavily on increasing awareness through the use of mindfulness. For example, consider how much time we spend thinking about the past or future compared to the present. Too much time in the future breeds anxiety while too much time in the past breeds depression. The present is where we find peace even for just a moment. I Provide both Telehealth and In Person Treatment. For Appointments, Please schedule through my website.
Welcome! My name is Casey and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience. I work to provide a calm and peaceful environment where healing can happen. In treatment I focus heavily on increasing awareness through the use of mindfulness. For example, consider how much time we spend thinking about the past or future compared to the present. Too much time in the future breeds anxiety while too much time in the past breeds depression. The present is where we find peace even for just a moment. I Provide both Telehealth and In Person Treatment. For Appointments, Please schedule through my website.
(458) 236-5614 View (458) 236-5614
Photo of Jason Wilcox, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jason Wilcox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roseburg, OR 97471  (Online Only)
As a person-focused therapist, I am dedicated to understanding your experiences, identifying challenges, and collaboratively exploring the best path forward for you. I recognize the internal strengths and capabilities inherent in each individual, and together, we will harness these in our therapeutic journey. With over 15 years of experience, I have successfully assisted adults dealing with a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, identity concerns, life transitions, weight management, healthy living, marital and relationship difficulties, parenting challenges, stress, leadership, and work stress.
As a person-focused therapist, I am dedicated to understanding your experiences, identifying challenges, and collaboratively exploring the best path forward for you. I recognize the internal strengths and capabilities inherent in each individual, and together, we will harness these in our therapeutic journey. With over 15 years of experience, I have successfully assisted adults dealing with a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, identity concerns, life transitions, weight management, healthy living, marital and relationship difficulties, parenting challenges, stress, leadership, and work stress.
(458) 224-8802 View (458) 224-8802
Photo of Robert Lydon - Stronger Oregon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stronger Oregon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Roseburg, OR 97471
We have a robust team of approximately 180+ providers, and growing, so that you can place a call, likely have someone answer and hopefully find access to treatment within the week or next. We treat all ages and most ailments. We have offices throughout Oregon and we do telehealth. Our providers cover almost all modalities, insurances and demographics so that you have a high probably of getting the right provider and the right time. Search through our list of providers on our website to see how many fit your needs. We'll do our best to be your solution and join you in a journey of healing.
We have a robust team of approximately 180+ providers, and growing, so that you can place a call, likely have someone answer and hopefully find access to treatment within the week or next. We treat all ages and most ailments. We have offices throughout Oregon and we do telehealth. Our providers cover almost all modalities, insurances and demographics so that you have a high probably of getting the right provider and the right time. Search through our list of providers on our website to see how many fit your needs. We'll do our best to be your solution and join you in a journey of healing.
(541) 275-5248 View (541) 275-5248
Photo of Tania Welikala - Aspire Counseling, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aspire Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97470
Not accepting new clients
As an EMDR board certified therapist, I am committed to helping survivors of trauma heal. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with acute and complex PTSD, depression, anxiety, self-esteem and relationship issues. Through EMDRIA/CPT board certifications, advanced trainings, consultations with leaders in the field of trauma informed psychotherapy, and working at an inpatient/outpatient PTSD clinic. I have mastered how to refine and customize culturally competent treatments to fit each individual’s unique needs and improve therapeutic outcomes for trauma, anxiety, depression, shame, and eating disorders.
As an EMDR board certified therapist, I am committed to helping survivors of trauma heal. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with acute and complex PTSD, depression, anxiety, self-esteem and relationship issues. Through EMDRIA/CPT board certifications, advanced trainings, consultations with leaders in the field of trauma informed psychotherapy, and working at an inpatient/outpatient PTSD clinic. I have mastered how to refine and customize culturally competent treatments to fit each individual’s unique needs and improve therapeutic outcomes for trauma, anxiety, depression, shame, and eating disorders.
(541) 418-4616 View (541) 418-4616
Photo of Amy Forconi-Beach, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Forconi-Beach
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roseburg, OR 97471  (Online Only)
During this crisis, so many people are feeling anxious, lonely, and down. We are a group of experienced licensed counselors who able to help you via online counseling. We are able to give you immediate and long-lasting results. We specialize in stress, anxiety, depression and relationship issues. By using evidence-based approaches we can give you tools to feel better during your very first session. You don't have to go through this time without support. Imagine being in a safe and trusting environment as you are able to get fast and long-lasting results.
During this crisis, so many people are feeling anxious, lonely, and down. We are a group of experienced licensed counselors who able to help you via online counseling. We are able to give you immediate and long-lasting results. We specialize in stress, anxiety, depression and relationship issues. By using evidence-based approaches we can give you tools to feel better during your very first session. You don't have to go through this time without support. Imagine being in a safe and trusting environment as you are able to get fast and long-lasting results.
(541) 204-8590 View (541) 204-8590
Photo of Rummy Rodriguez Anchia Telehealth Provider, CSWA, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Rummy Rodriguez Anchia Telehealth Provider
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSWA, MSW
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97470  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with clients to build on their strengths and gifts to improve their quality of life. My goal as a Tele-Health therapist is to provide a safe and welcoming, non-judgmental, environment to collaboratively identify struggles, traumas, issues, and problems that have been difficult to overcome, then support and help guide you in developing skills that lead to a more fulfilling life. While serving In the U.S. Army, I noticed how a devoted therapist can have an immense impact on a person's recovery. After completing my enlistment, I decided to pursue a career in Mental Health.
I enjoy working with clients to build on their strengths and gifts to improve their quality of life. My goal as a Tele-Health therapist is to provide a safe and welcoming, non-judgmental, environment to collaboratively identify struggles, traumas, issues, and problems that have been difficult to overcome, then support and help guide you in developing skills that lead to a more fulfilling life. While serving In the U.S. Army, I noticed how a devoted therapist can have an immense impact on a person's recovery. After completing my enlistment, I decided to pursue a career in Mental Health.
(541) 900-1839 View (541) 900-1839
Photo of Dr. Debbie And Dr. Roger Horton, PhD, LCPC, NCCA, Pastoral Counselor
Dr. Debbie And Dr. Roger Horton
Pastoral Counselor, PhD, LCPC, NCCA
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97470
Our mission as members of the LifeCare Collaborative Counseling Team is to serve families by helping them meet their needs spiritually, emotionally, mentally and physically. We seek to instill dignity, self-respect and self-reliance that will strengthen individuals, families and communities. We strive to help people live an enjoyable and satisfying life using healthy skills and Godly character. Our desire is to see people set free, healed and walking in wholeness. Our counseling ministry helps people discover their unique personality, needs, gifts and destiny.
Our mission as members of the LifeCare Collaborative Counseling Team is to serve families by helping them meet their needs spiritually, emotionally, mentally and physically. We seek to instill dignity, self-respect and self-reliance that will strengthen individuals, families and communities. We strive to help people live an enjoyable and satisfying life using healthy skills and Godly character. Our desire is to see people set free, healed and walking in wholeness. Our counseling ministry helps people discover their unique personality, needs, gifts and destiny.
(541) 241-7297 View (541) 241-7297
Photo of Lisa Crawford, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Crawford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97470  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), my journey as a therapist has been defined by a deep commitment to empowering individuals on their path to healing and self-discovery. With a foundation rooted in compassionate care and evidence-based practice, I have dedicated myself to creating a safe space where clients can explore their emotions, confront challenges, and embrace personal growth. My approach is holistic, recognizing that each individual carries a unique story shaped by their experiences, relationships, and aspirations. I believe in the power of human connection and strive to build authentic therapeutic relationships.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), my journey as a therapist has been defined by a deep commitment to empowering individuals on their path to healing and self-discovery. With a foundation rooted in compassionate care and evidence-based practice, I have dedicated myself to creating a safe space where clients can explore their emotions, confront challenges, and embrace personal growth. My approach is holistic, recognizing that each individual carries a unique story shaped by their experiences, relationships, and aspirations. I believe in the power of human connection and strive to build authentic therapeutic relationships.
(458) 310-9411 View (458) 310-9411
Photo of Amber Elaine Barrows - Mountain Wellness LLC, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mountain Wellness LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97470
My focus over the last 16 years has been to support and assist people in becoming the healthiest “You.” Making sure to focus on each individual’s story and experiences. I have an extensive background in working with clients that have experienced a variety of traumas and strive to provide the most effective and supportive intervention. Whether your struggling with your own depression, anxiety, childhood trauma or parenting a strong willed child Mountain Wellness can support you.
My focus over the last 16 years has been to support and assist people in becoming the healthiest “You.” Making sure to focus on each individual’s story and experiences. I have an extensive background in working with clients that have experienced a variety of traumas and strive to provide the most effective and supportive intervention. Whether your struggling with your own depression, anxiety, childhood trauma or parenting a strong willed child Mountain Wellness can support you.
(458) 203-1528 View (458) 203-1528
Photo of Maribel Ramirez, LPC, CADCI, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maribel Ramirez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADCI
Verified Verified
Drain, OR 97435  (Online Only)
Hello! Welcome and thank you for visiting my profile. If you are currently struggling with anxiety, depression, or simply find that you are needing some support as you navigate difficult emotional states and/or experiences, this might be the right place for you.
Hello! Welcome and thank you for visiting my profile. If you are currently struggling with anxiety, depression, or simply find that you are needing some support as you navigate difficult emotional states and/or experiences, this might be the right place for you.
(541) 255-1734 View (541) 255-1734
Photo of Monica Shorb, CSWA, MSW
Monica Shorb
Clinical Social Work Associate, CSWA, MSW
Verified Verified
Roseburg, OR 97470
My client focus is on women with trauma, relationship issues, grief, depression, anxiety, and sexual trauma. I work with adolescents from age 11-17 years and adults.
My client focus is on women with trauma, relationship issues, grief, depression, anxiety, and sexual trauma. I work with adolescents from age 11-17 years and adults.
(458) 203-6077 View (458) 203-6077
Photo of Tammy Harris, CSWA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tammy Harris
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSWA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roseburg, OR 97471  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
These are challenging times. My goal is to meet you where you are at emotionally and empower and guide you through barriers to achieve your goals. I believe everyone needs someone in their corner, and I would be honored to be that person. I look forward to collaborating with you to improve your life.
These are challenging times. My goal is to meet you where you are at emotionally and empower and guide you through barriers to achieve your goals. I believe everyone needs someone in their corner, and I would be honored to be that person. I look forward to collaborating with you to improve your life.
(541) 945-8130 View (541) 945-8130
Photo of Tom Pugel, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tom Pugel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Myrtle Creek, OR 97457
Waitlist for new clients
Sources of life, stress, on a community, and day to day level, are continually evolving. In order to keep up, with these ‘wheels of change', we must learn to adapt, on a level that is ahead, of the ‘wheel change’ levels. I can help you do this, by giving you, ‘level up’ tools. To give you, the supportive edge that you need, On an emotional, mental, and multi dimensional level.
Sources of life, stress, on a community, and day to day level, are continually evolving. In order to keep up, with these ‘wheels of change', we must learn to adapt, on a level that is ahead, of the ‘wheel change’ levels. I can help you do this, by giving you, ‘level up’ tools. To give you, the supportive edge that you need, On an emotional, mental, and multi dimensional level.
(541) 262-0798 View (541) 262-0798
1

See more therapy options for Douglas County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Douglas County, OR

50+

Average cost per session

$155

Therapists in Douglas County, OR who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
93% Depression
85% Trauma and PTSD
84% Self Esteem
80% Coping Skills
78% Stress
75% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% PacificSource
67% Regence

How Therapists in Douglas County, OR see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Douglas County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.