Therapists in Ashland, OR

Photo of Ari Weinberg, PsyD, Psychologist
Ari Weinberg
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520
I specialize in working with adult individuals with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and work issues, though it is my privilege to work with a wide range of people.
I specialize in working with adult individuals with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and work issues, though it is my privilege to work with a wide range of people.
(541) 631-6151 View (541) 631-6151
Photo of Ryan Ginn, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ryan Ginn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ashland, OR 97520
Waitlist for new clients
I offer body centered, mindfulness based therapy for individuals wanting to get at the source of their symptoms whether that be anxiety, depression, or relational difficulties.
I offer body centered, mindfulness based therapy for individuals wanting to get at the source of their symptoms whether that be anxiety, depression, or relational difficulties.
(541) 527-7464 View (541) 527-7464
Photo of Rhiannon Theurer, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rhiannon Theurer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520  (Online Only)
I work with neurodivergent (gifted, ADHD, autistic, highly sensitive, and more) adolescents and adults, as well as LGBTQ and gender creative people. Neurodivergent individuals often face unique challenges such as high levels of self-criticism, existential depression, and difficulty in finding peers. In addition, our sensitivity and intensity are often poorly misunderstood and misdiagnosed by mental health professionals.
I work with neurodivergent (gifted, ADHD, autistic, highly sensitive, and more) adolescents and adults, as well as LGBTQ and gender creative people. Neurodivergent individuals often face unique challenges such as high levels of self-criticism, existential depression, and difficulty in finding peers. In addition, our sensitivity and intensity are often poorly misunderstood and misdiagnosed by mental health professionals.
View
Photo of Amy Pearson Dahla - Amy Dahla, LPC, LLC, LPC, NCC, CADCIII, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Dahla, LPC, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CADCIII
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520  (Online Only)
I provide counseling services to adults of all ages who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, chronic pain, interpersonal difficulties, as well as workplace issues. I am trained to work with victims of sexual assault and domestic violence. My therapeutic approach involves open-minded and caring collaboration with my clients to help transform adversity into empowerment. I provide both brief and long-term therapy.
I provide counseling services to adults of all ages who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, chronic pain, interpersonal difficulties, as well as workplace issues. I am trained to work with victims of sexual assault and domestic violence. My therapeutic approach involves open-minded and caring collaboration with my clients to help transform adversity into empowerment. I provide both brief and long-term therapy.
(541) 207-1467 View (541) 207-1467
Photo of Autumn Doshier, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Autumn Doshier
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ashland, OR 97520
I provide counseling for a wide-range of challenges including: anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, gender and sexuality, self esteem/self worth and relationship issues. I am a relational counselor and prioritize collaboration and empowerment in my work with my clients. Additionally, I often work with those who have been impacted by trauma and I have specialized training in trauma-specific models of care (ie. brainspotting and other somatic resourcing models), for both acute and longer-term recovery supports. I embrace a social justice/anti-oppressive framework that values equity and inclusion in the therapeutic process.
I provide counseling for a wide-range of challenges including: anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, gender and sexuality, self esteem/self worth and relationship issues. I am a relational counselor and prioritize collaboration and empowerment in my work with my clients. Additionally, I often work with those who have been impacted by trauma and I have specialized training in trauma-specific models of care (ie. brainspotting and other somatic resourcing models), for both acute and longer-term recovery supports. I embrace a social justice/anti-oppressive framework that values equity and inclusion in the therapeutic process.
(541) 204-4532 View (541) 204-4532
Photo of Toni Richmond, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Toni Richmond
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520
I have been working with children, teens, families and couples for almost 33 years. I provide a safe environment, creating a space for you to feel heard, work on issues brought to the session and manage whatever life lessons need to be learned. I work with clients who have experienced physical & sexual abuse ,grief, loss, separation & divorce, reunification, parenting issues, anger, PTSD, self injurious behaviors, ADHD, domestic violence, depression, critical incidence response, suicide and veterans issues.
I have been working with children, teens, families and couples for almost 33 years. I provide a safe environment, creating a space for you to feel heard, work on issues brought to the session and manage whatever life lessons need to be learned. I work with clients who have experienced physical & sexual abuse ,grief, loss, separation & divorce, reunification, parenting issues, anger, PTSD, self injurious behaviors, ADHD, domestic violence, depression, critical incidence response, suicide and veterans issues.
(541) 663-4860 View (541) 663-4860
Photo of Irene Gasde, MS, MiM, QMHP, CFEP, CHTP
Irene Gasde
MS, MiM, QMHP, CFEP, CHTP
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520
I work with individuals, couples, & groups who want to heal through connection. Choosing a therapist who best meets your needs can be daunting. Ideally, this person is experienced and competent in your areas of concern, and their therapeutic style & personality make them well suited to match your preferences & comfort level. I offer a free consultation to help you decide if you would like to embark on this journey with me. My perspective is informed by a humanistic, bio-psycho-social worldview & a long practice of mindfulness. Change starts with curiosity that leads to greater awareness, which - in turn - reveals healthier choices.
I work with individuals, couples, & groups who want to heal through connection. Choosing a therapist who best meets your needs can be daunting. Ideally, this person is experienced and competent in your areas of concern, and their therapeutic style & personality make them well suited to match your preferences & comfort level. I offer a free consultation to help you decide if you would like to embark on this journey with me. My perspective is informed by a humanistic, bio-psycho-social worldview & a long practice of mindfulness. Change starts with curiosity that leads to greater awareness, which - in turn - reveals healthier choices.
(541) 708-1621 View (541) 708-1621
Photo of Olivia Parrish, RN, BS
Olivia Parrish
RN, BS
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520
My psychological counseling approach is an in depth, psychodynamic, very engaged therapeutic relationship that addresses the body/mind connection both verbally and somatically. It is known in medical research that we hold our feelings in our body and as stress and tension build up, we have problems and symptoms that respond to therapeutic intervention. When our emotions go unheard, unexpressed, or even unfelt, our symptoms can worsen over time, developing our personal and interpersonal problems and often actual disease and disorders - such as pain, insomnia, muscle tensions, and indigestion.
My psychological counseling approach is an in depth, psychodynamic, very engaged therapeutic relationship that addresses the body/mind connection both verbally and somatically. It is known in medical research that we hold our feelings in our body and as stress and tension build up, we have problems and symptoms that respond to therapeutic intervention. When our emotions go unheard, unexpressed, or even unfelt, our symptoms can worsen over time, developing our personal and interpersonal problems and often actual disease and disorders - such as pain, insomnia, muscle tensions, and indigestion.
(415) 985-1196 View (415) 985-1196
Photo of Amirah K David, MA, LPC, PMH-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amirah K David
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ashland, OR 97520
Waitlist for new clients
I love people, and I love my work. I believe we are all in deep need of understanding and feeling our innate worth, separate from what we do or prove to the world. I seek to gently support clients in finding the true source of this worth. I employ an eclectic and integrated approach depending on individual client needs, and seek to support the whole person in a collaborative, compassionate, and relational manner. I specialize in perinatal mental health, faith-based counseling, and women seeking deeper meaning in life and fulfilling creative expression. Please see my website at www.amirahdavid.com.
I love people, and I love my work. I believe we are all in deep need of understanding and feeling our innate worth, separate from what we do or prove to the world. I seek to gently support clients in finding the true source of this worth. I employ an eclectic and integrated approach depending on individual client needs, and seek to support the whole person in a collaborative, compassionate, and relational manner. I specialize in perinatal mental health, faith-based counseling, and women seeking deeper meaning in life and fulfilling creative expression. Please see my website at www.amirahdavid.com.
(458) 214-8578 View (458) 214-8578
Photo of Leah K Henigson, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leah K Henigson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520  (Online Only)
Thinking about writing this profile, I wanted to make it simple........I'm an old-fashioned therapist with great boundaries and carefully-monitored ethics. Then I thought you might want to know more about me and my style of therapy! I bring warmth, sometimes humor, to our work together. I'm a good listener......I won't fall asleep or interrupt to discuss my own agenda. I won't tell you to divorce your spouse or to stop compulsively overeating. I will help you find your own solutions and offer support as you take, sometimes very challenging, steps towards healing.
Thinking about writing this profile, I wanted to make it simple........I'm an old-fashioned therapist with great boundaries and carefully-monitored ethics. Then I thought you might want to know more about me and my style of therapy! I bring warmth, sometimes humor, to our work together. I'm a good listener......I won't fall asleep or interrupt to discuss my own agenda. I won't tell you to divorce your spouse or to stop compulsively overeating. I will help you find your own solutions and offer support as you take, sometimes very challenging, steps towards healing.
(541) 488-8936 View (541) 488-8936
Photo of Desiree Elizabeth Coutinho, MSW
Desiree Elizabeth Coutinho
Clinical Social Work Associate, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ashland, OR 97520
I’m Desiree, a queer, woman of color therapist located in Southern Oregon. I specialize in working with individuals navigating trauma, helping them integrate past wounding, navigate fear, and cultivate acceptance. I am passionate about guiding clients through embodied grief processes, as a powerful tool for individual and collective healing and a way to reclaim our wellbeing. I work with all ages, but am especially interested in working with young adults, navigating anxiety, depression, stress, and other mental health challenges related to living in uncertain times.
I’m Desiree, a queer, woman of color therapist located in Southern Oregon. I specialize in working with individuals navigating trauma, helping them integrate past wounding, navigate fear, and cultivate acceptance. I am passionate about guiding clients through embodied grief processes, as a powerful tool for individual and collective healing and a way to reclaim our wellbeing. I work with all ages, but am especially interested in working with young adults, navigating anxiety, depression, stress, and other mental health challenges related to living in uncertain times.
(541) 834-9165 View (541) 834-9165
Photo of Colleen M Krinard, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Colleen M Krinard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Not taking new clients at this time. The effects of trauma can undermine our natural ability to experience well-being in our lives, and it's not your fault. Traumatic experiences destroy trust and separate us from ourselves and others, often leaving us in pain and fear. Utilizing a strengths-based, somatic awareness, self-compassion approach, coupled with your daily practices, I support your journey in situations of grief, anxiety, depression, trauma, aging, cultural/ethnic injustice, and meaning of life questions, teaching / encouraging daily work in-between sessions.
Not taking new clients at this time. The effects of trauma can undermine our natural ability to experience well-being in our lives, and it's not your fault. Traumatic experiences destroy trust and separate us from ourselves and others, often leaving us in pain and fear. Utilizing a strengths-based, somatic awareness, self-compassion approach, coupled with your daily practices, I support your journey in situations of grief, anxiety, depression, trauma, aging, cultural/ethnic injustice, and meaning of life questions, teaching / encouraging daily work in-between sessions.
(541) 293-1269 View (541) 293-1269
Photo of Ashley Brown, LCSW, CADCIII, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashley Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADCIII
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ashland, OR 97520  (Online Only)
I believe all of us are doing the best we can with what’s in front of us. I also believe we all deserve support, guidance, and someone to understand our dark moments, our lost moments, our hard-to-figure-out moments. That’s why I’m here. I have worked as a licensed therapist with all types of humans for over 12 years. I’m down to earth, experienced, and hard to surprise. I can both firmly challenge distorted beliefs while also bringing incredible compassion for just how hard things are sometimes. I believe in the necessity of humor and value of creative expression as a way to be heard, especially when you can’t find the right words.
I believe all of us are doing the best we can with what’s in front of us. I also believe we all deserve support, guidance, and someone to understand our dark moments, our lost moments, our hard-to-figure-out moments. That’s why I’m here. I have worked as a licensed therapist with all types of humans for over 12 years. I’m down to earth, experienced, and hard to surprise. I can both firmly challenge distorted beliefs while also bringing incredible compassion for just how hard things are sometimes. I believe in the necessity of humor and value of creative expression as a way to be heard, especially when you can’t find the right words.
View
Photo of Cynthia Levesque - Cynthia Levesque: EMDR Intensives, LPC, LMHC, CADCIII, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cynthia Levesque: EMDR Intensives
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, CADCIII
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520
My clients are busy professionals who don't have time for therapy but would benefit from the relief it can provide. If your schedule is demanding and finding time every week to go to therapy seems impossible, working in an intensive format can be a much more efficient and effective approach. I specialize in anxiety, trauma and preverbal (early childhood) trauma, addictions, and performance, and frequently work with other health care professionals and folks in high stress, high demand positions. Because EMDR intensive sessions are not billed to insurance, no diagnosis is necessary.
My clients are busy professionals who don't have time for therapy but would benefit from the relief it can provide. If your schedule is demanding and finding time every week to go to therapy seems impossible, working in an intensive format can be a much more efficient and effective approach. I specialize in anxiety, trauma and preverbal (early childhood) trauma, addictions, and performance, and frequently work with other health care professionals and folks in high stress, high demand positions. Because EMDR intensive sessions are not billed to insurance, no diagnosis is necessary.
(458) 224-1161 View (458) 224-1161
Photo of Margaret Ellen Warren, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Margaret Ellen Warren
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520  (Online Only)
My skills as a psychotherapist of over 25 years continues a solid history in the healing arts as well as the performing arts. My experiences in both agency work and private practice includes treatment of young people, aduts, families and groups dealing with issues of depression, anxiety, sexual abuse, trauma, relationship dynamcis and many other concerns. In my experience working with the plethora of issues I have tailored treatment to meet individual needs toward resolution and healing.
My skills as a psychotherapist of over 25 years continues a solid history in the healing arts as well as the performing arts. My experiences in both agency work and private practice includes treatment of young people, aduts, families and groups dealing with issues of depression, anxiety, sexual abuse, trauma, relationship dynamcis and many other concerns. In my experience working with the plethora of issues I have tailored treatment to meet individual needs toward resolution and healing.
(541) 871-3605 View (541) 871-3605
Photo of Elisa Joy Friedlander, MS, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elisa Joy Friedlander
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520  (Online Only)
Chronic Pain / Illness and other Therapeutic Writing/Journaling group openings- please see Groups below and link to website. No availability for individual clients at this time. You might notice a discrepancy between the life you are living, and the life/aspects of life you desire. I'm here to help you bridge that gap by creatively guiding you to give voice to various parts of yourself (including parts that are hidden or less acknowledged) as you gain valuable insights and new narratives that enable you to engage in your life and relationships with more skill, authenticity, and ease.
Chronic Pain / Illness and other Therapeutic Writing/Journaling group openings- please see Groups below and link to website. No availability for individual clients at this time. You might notice a discrepancy between the life you are living, and the life/aspects of life you desire. I'm here to help you bridge that gap by creatively guiding you to give voice to various parts of yourself (including parts that are hidden or less acknowledged) as you gain valuable insights and new narratives that enable you to engage in your life and relationships with more skill, authenticity, and ease.
(541) 255-1355 View (541) 255-1355
Photo of Beth Campbell Sparks, MS
Beth Campbell Sparks
Professional Counselor Associate, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ashland, OR 97520
Welcome! I am glad you are considering getting support as you gain clarity and confidence for your next steps. I am a professional counselor associate offering a caring and compassionate space for you to explore, heal, and change. I am committed offering actionable approaches to mental health and behavior change to help transform your life. If you are looking for someone to help with depression, anxiety, relationship conflict or feel like you just need help figuring things out, I offer individual and couples counseling focused on your needs.
Welcome! I am glad you are considering getting support as you gain clarity and confidence for your next steps. I am a professional counselor associate offering a caring and compassionate space for you to explore, heal, and change. I am committed offering actionable approaches to mental health and behavior change to help transform your life. If you are looking for someone to help with depression, anxiety, relationship conflict or feel like you just need help figuring things out, I offer individual and couples counseling focused on your needs.
(541) 854-3734 View (541) 854-3734
Photo of Sarah Verducci, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Verducci
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ashland, OR 97520  (Online Only)
I provide modern, compassionate psychotherapy for adults and college age individuals. My approach helps you think about your thinking, align your life with your values and leave behind unhelpful patterns of behavior. I draw from mindfulness based therapies, resulting in less emotional reactivity and a higher quality of life. For next steps head to my website sarahverducci.com and fill out a new client interest form.
I provide modern, compassionate psychotherapy for adults and college age individuals. My approach helps you think about your thinking, align your life with your values and leave behind unhelpful patterns of behavior. I draw from mindfulness based therapies, resulting in less emotional reactivity and a higher quality of life. For next steps head to my website sarahverducci.com and fill out a new client interest form.
(541) 292-0037 View (541) 292-0037
Photo of Meg Tinsley, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Meg Tinsley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, or low self esteem? Do you have unresolved traumas, big or little T? Do you wish you had a better body image, or could control emotional eating? Have difficulty setting boundaries and find yourself resentful because of it? Many people who didn't get their needs met in the past struggle to be truly kind to themselves and need a compassionate witness in that process. These are some of the issues I work with on a regular basis in my practice. I see people new to therapy, as well as those who are continuing their journey towards greater authenticity, healing, and meaning.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, or low self esteem? Do you have unresolved traumas, big or little T? Do you wish you had a better body image, or could control emotional eating? Have difficulty setting boundaries and find yourself resentful because of it? Many people who didn't get their needs met in the past struggle to be truly kind to themselves and need a compassionate witness in that process. These are some of the issues I work with on a regular basis in my practice. I see people new to therapy, as well as those who are continuing their journey towards greater authenticity, healing, and meaning.
(541) 204-2381 View (541) 204-2381
Photo of Dan Quinn, PsyD, Psychologist
Dan Quinn
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Ashland, OR 97520
If you feel hopeless or unsupported, or you feel depressed or anxious...or if your husband or wife or partner isn't willing or able to talk about problems, I offer professional, supportive, empathic, and good-humored help. I'm a psychologist, researcher, and former clinical supervisor and professor at The Wright Institute, in Berkeley, California, who helps adults and teens facing difficulties and dilemmas, and couples with low to high conflict, including infidelity, who may want to save--or simply improve--their relationship.
If you feel hopeless or unsupported, or you feel depressed or anxious...or if your husband or wife or partner isn't willing or able to talk about problems, I offer professional, supportive, empathic, and good-humored help. I'm a psychologist, researcher, and former clinical supervisor and professor at The Wright Institute, in Berkeley, California, who helps adults and teens facing difficulties and dilemmas, and couples with low to high conflict, including infidelity, who may want to save--or simply improve--their relationship.
(510) 408-6852 View (510) 408-6852
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ashland, OR

200+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Ashland, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
77% Trauma and PTSD
74% Stress
73% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Oregon Health Plan (OHP)
58% Other
47% PacificSource

How Therapists in Ashland, OR see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
22% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ashland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.