Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Barbara L. Mitchell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara L. Mitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10036
Beginning therapy is a big deal. Talking about oneself to someone you’ve never met before can be daunting. Will you be judged? Given advice you didn’t ask for? Not given feedback you really need? You’ve probably been grappling with the issues that prompted you to make the appointment for some time, and may feel badly that you couldn’t figure it out yourself. In that first session I’ll be listening to understand what’s the matter but also how you’re experiencing the problem. We may need to work together to shift self-criticism and judgment to curiosity and compassion so that you can mobilize your inner strengths.
Beginning therapy is a big deal. Talking about oneself to someone you’ve never met before can be daunting. Will you be judged? Given advice you didn’t ask for? Not given feedback you really need? You’ve probably been grappling with the issues that prompted you to make the appointment for some time, and may feel badly that you couldn’t figure it out yourself. In that first session I’ll be listening to understand what’s the matter but also how you’re experiencing the problem. We may need to work together to shift self-criticism and judgment to curiosity and compassion so that you can mobilize your inner strengths.
(646) 480-7054 View (646) 480-7054
Photo of Dylan Lawson, MHC-LP, Counselor
Dylan Lawson
Counselor, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
I believe everyone has the right to choose how they live and experience the world, and I am genuinely interested in understanding how you process the experiences and relationships in your life. This speaks to my existential approach, while borrowing elements of psychodynamic therapy to gain a thorough understanding of what has shaped you. Sometimes we can grow to accept parts of our lives that cause pain, and in accepting those things, we may find peace. The human condition can be complicated, but it can also be celebrated.
I believe everyone has the right to choose how they live and experience the world, and I am genuinely interested in understanding how you process the experiences and relationships in your life. This speaks to my existential approach, while borrowing elements of psychodynamic therapy to gain a thorough understanding of what has shaped you. Sometimes we can grow to accept parts of our lives that cause pain, and in accepting those things, we may find peace. The human condition can be complicated, but it can also be celebrated.
(718) 568-7416 View (718) 568-7416
Brian Keane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023
Congratulations. Seeking treatment is a sign of health. Now you have to find a therapist. Experience and qualifications: I have both,but that is not enough. In order for someone to get better your therapist has to be warm,compassionate,open and interactive. The only way you'll find that out is by scheduling an appointment.
Congratulations. Seeking treatment is a sign of health. Now you have to find a therapist. Experience and qualifications: I have both,but that is not enough. In order for someone to get better your therapist has to be warm,compassionate,open and interactive. The only way you'll find that out is by scheduling an appointment.
(646) 974-9971 View (646) 974-9971
Photo of Adelyn Melnikoff, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adelyn Melnikoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10012
Adelyn is a seasoned therapist dedicated to guiding individuals toward a life of fulfillment, purpose, and personal growth. Specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adelyn brings extensive experience from working in Mt. Sinai Hospital system’s top CBT and therapy programs. She has treated a diverse set of adult clients across all life stages, navigating a wide range of psychiatric and medical challenges in both outpatient and inpatient settings. She specializes in trauma- and stressor-related disorders, anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, executive functioning, and the intersection of medical conditions and mental health.
Adelyn is a seasoned therapist dedicated to guiding individuals toward a life of fulfillment, purpose, and personal growth. Specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adelyn brings extensive experience from working in Mt. Sinai Hospital system’s top CBT and therapy programs. She has treated a diverse set of adult clients across all life stages, navigating a wide range of psychiatric and medical challenges in both outpatient and inpatient settings. She specializes in trauma- and stressor-related disorders, anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, executive functioning, and the intersection of medical conditions and mental health.
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Photo of Ellen S. Daniels, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ellen S. Daniels
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Why do people seek therapy? Usually it's because they're feeling dissatisfied, anxious, or depressed--and it's becoming difficult to cope. Do you feel stuck in a relationship or work situation? Struggling with life transitions: marriage, divorce, pregnancy/infertility, parenting, career change, becoming an in-law, serious illness, aging parents? If you'd like to change your life, I can help you understand what's getting in the way. Working together in a safe, nonjudgmental space, we can help you find the solutions you're seeking.
Why do people seek therapy? Usually it's because they're feeling dissatisfied, anxious, or depressed--and it's becoming difficult to cope. Do you feel stuck in a relationship or work situation? Struggling with life transitions: marriage, divorce, pregnancy/infertility, parenting, career change, becoming an in-law, serious illness, aging parents? If you'd like to change your life, I can help you understand what's getting in the way. Working together in a safe, nonjudgmental space, we can help you find the solutions you're seeking.
(646) 797-5689 View (646) 797-5689
Photo of Bryanna Copeland, Pre-Licensed Professional
Bryanna Copeland
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I am a dedicated Social Work intern providing telehealth services in NYS. I am passionate about helping individuals navigate life's challenges and promote mental wellness. I am drawn to working with those experiencing stress, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, family dynamics as well as topics pertaining to maternal mental health. I believe in a strengths-based approach, focusing on the unique strengths and resilience of each individual. I work collaboratively with clients to set achievable goals and develop practical strategies for overcoming obstacles.
I am a dedicated Social Work intern providing telehealth services in NYS. I am passionate about helping individuals navigate life's challenges and promote mental wellness. I am drawn to working with those experiencing stress, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, family dynamics as well as topics pertaining to maternal mental health. I believe in a strengths-based approach, focusing on the unique strengths and resilience of each individual. I work collaboratively with clients to set achievable goals and develop practical strategies for overcoming obstacles.
(516) 363-4903 View (516) 363-4903
Photo of Ariel Gustavo Lachman, PhD, Psychologist
Ariel Gustavo Lachman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017
If you suffer from complex medical issues, pain management, and/or complications related to obesity, Dr. Lachman may be an especially good choice as a psychotherapist. He specializes in Health Psychology and has extensive training and clinical experience working with patients struggling with these and similar problems. In addition, he has been trained in Clinical Geropsychology and to treat patients with symptoms related to traumatic experiences. Internships within various medical settings, including the Palo Alto VA Hospital and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School has prepared him to identify the proper course of treatment needed for you.
If you suffer from complex medical issues, pain management, and/or complications related to obesity, Dr. Lachman may be an especially good choice as a psychotherapist. He specializes in Health Psychology and has extensive training and clinical experience working with patients struggling with these and similar problems. In addition, he has been trained in Clinical Geropsychology and to treat patients with symptoms related to traumatic experiences. Internships within various medical settings, including the Palo Alto VA Hospital and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School has prepared him to identify the proper course of treatment needed for you.
(646) 759-0762 View (646) 759-0762
Photo of Mariam I Habib, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mariam I Habib
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
I help people develop an authentic, integrated, and joyful sense of self. I specialize in trauma recovery, identity issues, gender & sexuality, and spirituality. I have worked extensively with survivors of childhood abuse and neglect, and know that people with these experiences can heal and grow, creating healthy meaningful lives that feel good. As a bicultural person of color, I am also well-versed in helping people navigate the complexities (and richness) of identity, culture, family, race, and belonging. In all my work, my goal is to help people feel grounded, self-accepting and free.
I help people develop an authentic, integrated, and joyful sense of self. I specialize in trauma recovery, identity issues, gender & sexuality, and spirituality. I have worked extensively with survivors of childhood abuse and neglect, and know that people with these experiences can heal and grow, creating healthy meaningful lives that feel good. As a bicultural person of color, I am also well-versed in helping people navigate the complexities (and richness) of identity, culture, family, race, and belonging. In all my work, my goal is to help people feel grounded, self-accepting and free.
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Photo of Nicole Nyachae, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Nyachae
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
I'm Nicole Nyachae, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I use a strengths-based, trauma-informed approach to help clients heal from trauma and build resilience. My areas of focus include trauma, anxiety, personality disorders, self-esteem, and parenting skills. I provide a supportive, non-judgmental space for personal growth and self-awareness. I work primarily with adults, families, and individuals with developmental disabilities who need minimal support of all backgrounds. I am experienced in treating anxiety disorders, trauma, and personality disorders, and I also focus on enhancing parenting skills and building self-esteem.
I'm Nicole Nyachae, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I use a strengths-based, trauma-informed approach to help clients heal from trauma and build resilience. My areas of focus include trauma, anxiety, personality disorders, self-esteem, and parenting skills. I provide a supportive, non-judgmental space for personal growth and self-awareness. I work primarily with adults, families, and individuals with developmental disabilities who need minimal support of all backgrounds. I am experienced in treating anxiety disorders, trauma, and personality disorders, and I also focus on enhancing parenting skills and building self-esteem.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Wilfred G Van Gorp, PhD, ABPP, Psychologist
Wilfred G Van Gorp
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
I offer both neuropsychological testing services, as well as individual therapy services for a range of conditions. Testing is for both children and adults; therapy services are offered to persons age 18 and up.
I offer both neuropsychological testing services, as well as individual therapy services for a range of conditions. Testing is for both children and adults; therapy services are offered to persons age 18 and up.
(646) 392-8023 View (646) 392-8023
Photo of Tiffany Pearson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tiffany Pearson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
My ideal client seeks self-exploration & understanding, facing issues like anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties. They need a supportive space for personal growth, aiming to gain insight, develop coping strategies, improve communication, & foster healthy relationships. They aspire to enhance mental well-being, achieve a better life quality, & unlock their full potential.
My ideal client seeks self-exploration & understanding, facing issues like anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties. They need a supportive space for personal growth, aiming to gain insight, develop coping strategies, improve communication, & foster healthy relationships. They aspire to enhance mental well-being, achieve a better life quality, & unlock their full potential.
(332) 249-3412 View (332) 249-3412
Photo of Caroline Powers, MA, MHC-LP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Caroline Powers
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Do you find yourself on autopilot or struggling just to get by? Do you feel stuck in old patterns of relating that are no longer serving you? Are unhealed wounds holding you back from living the life you want? We can unpack your concerns with curiosity, compassion, and humor in the safety of a warm, non-judgmental, and affirming space. I believe that the relationship between client and therapist is foundational to healing and flourishing. Together, we can dive deeper into the elements of your identity, background, and environment that make you who you are and work towards your goals.
Do you find yourself on autopilot or struggling just to get by? Do you feel stuck in old patterns of relating that are no longer serving you? Are unhealed wounds holding you back from living the life you want? We can unpack your concerns with curiosity, compassion, and humor in the safety of a warm, non-judgmental, and affirming space. I believe that the relationship between client and therapist is foundational to healing and flourishing. Together, we can dive deeper into the elements of your identity, background, and environment that make you who you are and work towards your goals.
(929) 346-4224 View (929) 346-4224
Photo of Xia Qian 'amy' Li, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Xia Qian 'amy' Li
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128
Amy creates a safe, welcoming space where clients feel heard and valued. She emphasizes an individualized, client-centered approach using psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, and strengths-based therapies. Amy strives to create a safe space for sessions, honoring your unique experiences, and tailors her approach to ensure it feels supportive.
Amy creates a safe, welcoming space where clients feel heard and valued. She emphasizes an individualized, client-centered approach using psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, and strengths-based therapies. Amy strives to create a safe space for sessions, honoring your unique experiences, and tailors her approach to ensure it feels supportive.
(914) 331-8116 View (914) 331-8116
Photo of Elaine Argueta, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elaine Argueta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017  (Online Only)
I would love to help you create the changes you are seeking and in turn, find your authentic self. I am client-centered and my approach is individualized to meet your personal needs and goals. I feel that therapy is not a one-size-fits-all approach, and together we could find and work on the issues that you feel or holding you back from having the life you want to be living. I have been a clinical therapist for over 15 years. I have a very empathic style and I've treated people with various issues in different stages of their lives.
I would love to help you create the changes you are seeking and in turn, find your authentic self. I am client-centered and my approach is individualized to meet your personal needs and goals. I feel that therapy is not a one-size-fits-all approach, and together we could find and work on the issues that you feel or holding you back from having the life you want to be living. I have been a clinical therapist for over 15 years. I have a very empathic style and I've treated people with various issues in different stages of their lives.
(646) 631-3093 View (646) 631-3093
Photo of Zohar Fuller, LMSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Zohar Fuller
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Do you want a non-judgmental space where you can show up as your full self? I'm Zohar, and I hold an MSW from Silberman School of Social Work at Hunter College and an MFA from Boston University. Therapy has helped me better understand my own behavior and has motivated me to change patterns that no longer serve me. My positive experience with therapy has inspired me to support others in exploring their own narratives, values, and actions.
Do you want a non-judgmental space where you can show up as your full self? I'm Zohar, and I hold an MSW from Silberman School of Social Work at Hunter College and an MFA from Boston University. Therapy has helped me better understand my own behavior and has motivated me to change patterns that no longer serve me. My positive experience with therapy has inspired me to support others in exploring their own narratives, values, and actions.
(929) 754-1207 View (929) 754-1207
Photo of Laura Diamond, LMHC, EdM, MA
Laura Diamond
LMHC, EdM, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10012
Not accepting new clients
I believe in creating a safe space for a collaborative therapeutic experience. With an emphasis on psychodynamic theory and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), my therapeutic techniques are tailored to each individual and their specific life experiences. I work primarily with adults who are looking to increase self-awareness, achieve balance or ignite positive change.
I believe in creating a safe space for a collaborative therapeutic experience. With an emphasis on psychodynamic theory and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), my therapeutic techniques are tailored to each individual and their specific life experiences. I work primarily with adults who are looking to increase self-awareness, achieve balance or ignite positive change.
(646) 941-8037 View (646) 941-8037
Photo of Megan Watt, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Megan Watt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Life is about connection: to ourselves, our communities, and our relationships. However, with the relentless stress of an increasingly uncertain world, unhealed wounds can be activated, leaving you feeling stuck. Therapy is a useful way to reimagine those connections by exploring, adjusting, and strengthening them. I utilize my background as a performing artist and an integrative approach to help my clients create intimacy in their relationships, implement boundaries, and build resilience. I do this through the use of evidence-based theories, mindfulness, and a playful energy.
Life is about connection: to ourselves, our communities, and our relationships. However, with the relentless stress of an increasingly uncertain world, unhealed wounds can be activated, leaving you feeling stuck. Therapy is a useful way to reimagine those connections by exploring, adjusting, and strengthening them. I utilize my background as a performing artist and an integrative approach to help my clients create intimacy in their relationships, implement boundaries, and build resilience. I do this through the use of evidence-based theories, mindfulness, and a playful energy.
(332) 239-5567 View (332) 239-5567
Photo of Barbara Cooper-Gordon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara Cooper-Gordon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021
As a compassionate and caring therapist/coach I collaborate with my clients to focus on positive self acceptance and creating positive changes in their lives. I work with clients to develop an understanding of their current life situations and feelings that are confusing and uncomfortable for them. We all find ourselves at different stages in our lives faced with old and new feelings and reactions to home, work, family and friends. I believe that through talking about feelings, clients can identify their obstacles to change and develop a better understanding of themselves.
As a compassionate and caring therapist/coach I collaborate with my clients to focus on positive self acceptance and creating positive changes in their lives. I work with clients to develop an understanding of their current life situations and feelings that are confusing and uncomfortable for them. We all find ourselves at different stages in our lives faced with old and new feelings and reactions to home, work, family and friends. I believe that through talking about feelings, clients can identify their obstacles to change and develop a better understanding of themselves.
(484) 393-4126 View (484) 393-4126
Photo of Michael Ferrara, PhD, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Michael Ferrara
Limited Licensed Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10014
As a clinician, I’ve seen how old wounds and ways of surviving restrict our ability to feel, work and love freely. But I’ve also seen therapy’s capacity to unlock possibility, vitalize identities, and widen our horizon of choice. My job is to help you speak what's on your mind so I strive to foster an environment that is reliable and non-judgmental. I use curious, empathic listening to explore unformulated experiences and the origins of your difficulties. Mental health symptoms are not only pain and suffering but also messages about conflicted desires. It takes intimacy and a strong alliance to speak and listen to these messages.
As a clinician, I’ve seen how old wounds and ways of surviving restrict our ability to feel, work and love freely. But I’ve also seen therapy’s capacity to unlock possibility, vitalize identities, and widen our horizon of choice. My job is to help you speak what's on your mind so I strive to foster an environment that is reliable and non-judgmental. I use curious, empathic listening to explore unformulated experiences and the origins of your difficulties. Mental health symptoms are not only pain and suffering but also messages about conflicted desires. It takes intimacy and a strong alliance to speak and listen to these messages.
(734) 730-9004 View (734) 730-9004
Photo of Lucia Imbesi, LCSW, MA, Clin, Psyc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lucia Imbesi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA, Clin, Psyc
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
KNOWLEDGE & EXPERIENCE. Stuck? Worried? Depressed? Low self-esteem? Experiencing relationship problems, difficulty parenting children, work/career, phase-of-life problems such as aging parents, illness, difficulty organizing yourself; addiction to alcohol or food? Compulsions? I will tackle your most acute symptoms first, explore solutions and behavior changes to enable better choices, explore barriers to achieving life & career goals. Very importantly, self-knowledge through exploration is crucial in avoiding repetition throughout the life cycle. I am also a certified psychoanalyst and experienced in the deeper, psychoanalytic approaches. I tailor my approach to the client's needs and capabilities.
KNOWLEDGE & EXPERIENCE. Stuck? Worried? Depressed? Low self-esteem? Experiencing relationship problems, difficulty parenting children, work/career, phase-of-life problems such as aging parents, illness, difficulty organizing yourself; addiction to alcohol or food? Compulsions? I will tackle your most acute symptoms first, explore solutions and behavior changes to enable better choices, explore barriers to achieving life & career goals. Very importantly, self-knowledge through exploration is crucial in avoiding repetition throughout the life cycle. I am also a certified psychoanalyst and experienced in the deeper, psychoanalytic approaches. I tailor my approach to the client's needs and capabilities.
(646) 386-2135 View (646) 386-2135
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.