Therapists in Yellow Springs, OH

Photo of Elizabeth Sinclair, EdS
Elizabeth Sinclair
EdS
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Educational specialist/school psychologist specializing in psycho-educational assessment for conditions such as autism, dyslexia, and giftedness. Providing positive advocatory support to parents navigating special education challenges.
Educational specialist/school psychologist specializing in psycho-educational assessment for conditions such as autism, dyslexia, and giftedness. Providing positive advocatory support to parents navigating special education challenges.
(937) 696-7085 View (937) 696-7085
Photo of Catherine M Cain, Ph, D, CRC, LPCCS, Counselor
Catherine M Cain
Counselor, Ph, D, CRC, LPCCS
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Not accepting new clients
Hi, If you are experiencing problems that seem too overwhelming, perhaps I can help you sort them out and offer up ideas for positive change. Primarily, I like the using the brief therapy model, 7-8 sessions and have had good results over the past few years. No problem is too small if it's interfering with your happiness, be it your career, your relationships, or not meeting your own expectations of yourself or of someone else.
Hi, If you are experiencing problems that seem too overwhelming, perhaps I can help you sort them out and offer up ideas for positive change. Primarily, I like the using the brief therapy model, 7-8 sessions and have had good results over the past few years. No problem is too small if it's interfering with your happiness, be it your career, your relationships, or not meeting your own expectations of yourself or of someone else.
(937) 350-6475 View (937) 350-6475
Photo of Ri Molnar, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ri Molnar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Not accepting new clients
This is your journey, and as your therapist, I can be a helpful guide along the way. Sometimes folks are afraid of "starting over with a new therapist" or "having to rehash the past". It's totally valid to be nervous about opening up to a new person, practically a stranger, but the good news is, we can start right where you are! I have found my "home" as a therapist with the intervention called EMDR, but have witnessed the benefits of other interventions I am trained in including: CBT, DBT, CAMS, and Expressive Arts Therapies. Suicidal ideation, depression, and trauma (including surviving abuse) are my specialties.
This is your journey, and as your therapist, I can be a helpful guide along the way. Sometimes folks are afraid of "starting over with a new therapist" or "having to rehash the past". It's totally valid to be nervous about opening up to a new person, practically a stranger, but the good news is, we can start right where you are! I have found my "home" as a therapist with the intervention called EMDR, but have witnessed the benefits of other interventions I am trained in including: CBT, DBT, CAMS, and Expressive Arts Therapies. Suicidal ideation, depression, and trauma (including surviving abuse) are my specialties.
(937) 858-8112 View (937) 858-8112
Photo of Tracy Hunt - Tracy Hunt MSEd, LPCC at Turning Inward LLC , MSEd
Tracy Hunt MSEd, LPCC at Turning Inward LLC
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MSEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Great to meet you! My name is Tracy Hunt, and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. I provide adult clients a safe atmosphere of acceptance that promotes healing and deepens understanding. I have experience working with various populations and have a diverse background including people with anxiety, depression, grief, stress, and adjusting to life changes.
Great to meet you! My name is Tracy Hunt, and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. I provide adult clients a safe atmosphere of acceptance that promotes healing and deepens understanding. I have experience working with various populations and have a diverse background including people with anxiety, depression, grief, stress, and adjusting to life changes.
(937) 530-4287 View (937) 530-4287
Photo of Heather Renae Horton, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Renae Horton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
It's time. It's time for you to take that step into the self-discovery and healing that allows you to live your best life. Whether your issues and concerns are with anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, self-harm, relationships, or that of a spiritual nature I offer a safe space that allows you to explore the ins and outs of who you are, why you are, what you are doing and where you are going.
It's time. It's time for you to take that step into the self-discovery and healing that allows you to live your best life. Whether your issues and concerns are with anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, self-harm, relationships, or that of a spiritual nature I offer a safe space that allows you to explore the ins and outs of who you are, why you are, what you are doing and where you are going.
(937) 358-8229 View (937) 358-8229
Photo of Dr. Elizabeth Gish, MDiv, ThD, Pastoral Counselor
Dr. Elizabeth Gish
Pastoral Counselor, MDiv, ThD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Have you spent your life overachieving, working hard, taking care of others, doing all the right things, and yet thing aren't working out how you expected them to? Are your relationships very often one-sided, where you give a lot but no one takes care of you? I see you. My practice focuses on those who have "done all the right things," and are wondering why things are still so hard. Unfortunately, being hard on ourselves, working hard, achieving all the things, and taking care of everyone around us doesn't often lead to the sort of healing and peace we long for.
Have you spent your life overachieving, working hard, taking care of others, doing all the right things, and yet thing aren't working out how you expected them to? Are your relationships very often one-sided, where you give a lot but no one takes care of you? I see you. My practice focuses on those who have "done all the right things," and are wondering why things are still so hard. Unfortunately, being hard on ourselves, working hard, achieving all the things, and taking care of everyone around us doesn't often lead to the sort of healing and peace we long for.
(937) 756-9855 View (937) 756-9855
Photo of Justin Simons, MSEd, LPCC, Counselor
Justin Simons
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
The purpose of my work is help empower individuals to gain fresh insight and perspective. Many of my clients find themselves stuck when they are facing an unexpected transition, a loss, or just need a change in their lives. I work together with individuals, couples and families to create goals that are realistic and challenging so that they might lead more peaceful, fulfilling lives and have meaningful relationships.
The purpose of my work is help empower individuals to gain fresh insight and perspective. Many of my clients find themselves stuck when they are facing an unexpected transition, a loss, or just need a change in their lives. I work together with individuals, couples and families to create goals that are realistic and challenging so that they might lead more peaceful, fulfilling lives and have meaningful relationships.
(440) 249-7613 View (440) 249-7613
Photo of Jennifer Wells, LISW-S, LICDC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Wells
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping individuals and families overcome life's challenges and achieve their goals. With 6 years of experience in the field of social work, I have developed a deep understanding of the complexities of human behavior and the impact that social, emotional, and environmental factors can have on our lives. My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy, compassion, and a deep respect for each individual's unique experiences and perspectives. I believe that everyone has the capacity for growth and change, and I am committed to helping you tap into your inner strengths and resources to achieve your full potential.
I am passionate about helping individuals and families overcome life's challenges and achieve their goals. With 6 years of experience in the field of social work, I have developed a deep understanding of the complexities of human behavior and the impact that social, emotional, and environmental factors can have on our lives. My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy, compassion, and a deep respect for each individual's unique experiences and perspectives. I believe that everyone has the capacity for growth and change, and I am committed to helping you tap into your inner strengths and resources to achieve your full potential.
(937) 870-3018 View (937) 870-3018
Photo of Randi Land Rothman, LISW, MSS, MA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Randi Land Rothman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, MSS, MA
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
As a therapist, I help people work through major changes and transitions. This could be anything from a relationship ending, to the death of a family member, friend or spouse, from a loss or change of work, to a move or relocation. I have experience working with people who are facing illness and death, either their own, or that of their loved ones. I am here to help clients process and feelings of helplessness, fear, anxiety, depression and grief.
As a therapist, I help people work through major changes and transitions. This could be anything from a relationship ending, to the death of a family member, friend or spouse, from a loss or change of work, to a move or relocation. I have experience working with people who are facing illness and death, either their own, or that of their loved ones. I am here to help clients process and feelings of helplessness, fear, anxiety, depression and grief.
(937) 752-5713 View (937) 752-5713
Photo of Carrie E Beaver-Evans - Carrie Beaver-Evans Counseling Services, MRC, LPCC-S, LICDC, Counselor
Carrie Beaver-Evans Counseling Services
Counselor, MRC, LPCC-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
The entire world has been changed, seemingly overnight. Please reach out if you need to talk to someone. Ever wake up in the morning and said to yourself, "I cannot keep doing this", only to find yourself doing the very thing you swore off only four hours ago? If you have said this to yourself, you have probably been surfing the internet for a cure for addictions, or how to quit drinking so much, or how to make it through detox. Addictions are insufferable. I have been working in the field for 13 years with mental health and addiction issues.
The entire world has been changed, seemingly overnight. Please reach out if you need to talk to someone. Ever wake up in the morning and said to yourself, "I cannot keep doing this", only to find yourself doing the very thing you swore off only four hours ago? If you have said this to yourself, you have probably been surfing the internet for a cure for addictions, or how to quit drinking so much, or how to make it through detox. Addictions are insufferable. I have been working in the field for 13 years with mental health and addiction issues.
(513) 334-4137 View (513) 334-4137
Photo of Rose Mary Shaw, PsyD, Psychologist
Rose Mary Shaw
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Welcome to Transitional Life Counseling! We are located at the Mindfully Well Center, an integrative health and wellness center. Our goal is to empower you to reach your optimal health and lead a life that is balanced and enriched from the inside out. After 22 years of experience in mental health and wellness, first as a community mental health counselor and now as a psychologist, I have adopted an integrative approach to mental health, one that utilizes our tools of assessment to clearly identify your strengths, followed by the development of an individualized plan to include various modalities to help you reach your optimal potential.
Welcome to Transitional Life Counseling! We are located at the Mindfully Well Center, an integrative health and wellness center. Our goal is to empower you to reach your optimal health and lead a life that is balanced and enriched from the inside out. After 22 years of experience in mental health and wellness, first as a community mental health counselor and now as a psychologist, I have adopted an integrative approach to mental health, one that utilizes our tools of assessment to clearly identify your strengths, followed by the development of an individualized plan to include various modalities to help you reach your optimal potential.
(937) 310-7029 View (937) 310-7029
Photo of Brenda Howell, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brenda Howell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Clients who see me often struggle with feeling hopeless, alone, trouble getting out of bed. Or some are in relationships and having trouble communicating. Some have children with issues at school and not sure how to help them. They are tried of feeling the way they do and want help. This is not how they envisioned life to be like. They want so much more out of their marriage, for their kids, for themselves. They want to be done fighting and carrying everything on their shoulders alone. They want help with the worrisome thoughts and controlling emotions. They would like to know they are not alone dealing with life struggles.
Clients who see me often struggle with feeling hopeless, alone, trouble getting out of bed. Or some are in relationships and having trouble communicating. Some have children with issues at school and not sure how to help them. They are tried of feeling the way they do and want help. This is not how they envisioned life to be like. They want so much more out of their marriage, for their kids, for themselves. They want to be done fighting and carrying everything on their shoulders alone. They want help with the worrisome thoughts and controlling emotions. They would like to know they are not alone dealing with life struggles.
(937) 502-3858 View (937) 502-3858
Photo of Paul Culbertson, LPC
Paul Culbertson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Yellow Springs, OH 45387  (Online Only)
I focus on autism/ADHD (with or without trauma/PTSD). ADHD/Autism does not need to be previously diagnosed. My method is to analyze connections which typically stem back to one’s family of origin, which can lead to poor self-regard. Together, we work to identify patterns and tendencies, as well as where they came from. I’ve seen people change for the better. We are looking for results, realizations, epiphanies, and for you to break free from the cycle of unhappiness and self-loathing. www.PaulCulbertson.com
I focus on autism/ADHD (with or without trauma/PTSD). ADHD/Autism does not need to be previously diagnosed. My method is to analyze connections which typically stem back to one’s family of origin, which can lead to poor self-regard. Together, we work to identify patterns and tendencies, as well as where they came from. I’ve seen people change for the better. We are looking for results, realizations, epiphanies, and for you to break free from the cycle of unhappiness and self-loathing. www.PaulCulbertson.com
(234) 217-5494 View (234) 217-5494
Photo of Kristin Orr, MA, LPC, CDCA, RDT, LMT, Counselor
Kristin Orr
Counselor, MA, LPC, CDCA, RDT, LMT
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
My counseling style is warm, strengths-based and collaborative. I am authentic, empathic and playful. My work is rooted in a commitment to social justice and anti-oppression and I am strongly HAES and LGBTQIA+ affirming. I enjoy working with clients around issues of addiction recovery, trauma, grief and life transitions using creative arts, somatic and mindfulness-based approaches. I hold a M.A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Antioch University New England and a M.A. in Drama Therapy from NYU. I have been licensed as a Massage Therapist since 2003, which gives me particular insight in to somatic expressions of trauma.
My counseling style is warm, strengths-based and collaborative. I am authentic, empathic and playful. My work is rooted in a commitment to social justice and anti-oppression and I am strongly HAES and LGBTQIA+ affirming. I enjoy working with clients around issues of addiction recovery, trauma, grief and life transitions using creative arts, somatic and mindfulness-based approaches. I hold a M.A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Antioch University New England and a M.A. in Drama Therapy from NYU. I have been licensed as a Massage Therapist since 2003, which gives me particular insight in to somatic expressions of trauma.
(513) 596-6881 View (513) 596-6881
Photo of Ryan R Taylor, MRC, CRC, LPCC-S, Counselor
Ryan R Taylor
Counselor, MRC, CRC, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Coping with stress, low self-esteem, navigating a life transition, or anxiety and depression? Perhaps a trusted person in your life told you it was time to try therapy. We can explore your communication, expectations, and own boundaries for a healthy relationship with yourself and others. Choose to work on yourself in a safe environment with no judgment. I'll walk next to you on your journey helping you to find what works for you, so you can pursue your pathway to healing and growth. I operate a private pay office. We accept HSA, FSA, and credit cards. I do not work directly with insurance.
Coping with stress, low self-esteem, navigating a life transition, or anxiety and depression? Perhaps a trusted person in your life told you it was time to try therapy. We can explore your communication, expectations, and own boundaries for a healthy relationship with yourself and others. Choose to work on yourself in a safe environment with no judgment. I'll walk next to you on your journey helping you to find what works for you, so you can pursue your pathway to healing and growth. I operate a private pay office. We accept HSA, FSA, and credit cards. I do not work directly with insurance.
(937) 595-0078 View (937) 595-0078
Photo of Aizhan Kydykeeva, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aizhan Kydykeeva
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Dude. Have you felt d i f f e r e n t since 2020? Like, it’s hard to describe and pinpoint it, but you know/feel/sense that you’re now somehow different? For instance, you don’t like the same things you used to like (food, shows, music, places, p e o p l e - you name it)… and overall, you just feel oddly disconnected from your current lifestyle. Maybe you feel “trapped” or “stuck” and don’t know where to go or what comes next? Here’s another BIG one – you’ve rarely felt like you truly belonged in this world. Like, something is unique about YOU. You’re a weirdo - always have been. Congrats!
Dude. Have you felt d i f f e r e n t since 2020? Like, it’s hard to describe and pinpoint it, but you know/feel/sense that you’re now somehow different? For instance, you don’t like the same things you used to like (food, shows, music, places, p e o p l e - you name it)… and overall, you just feel oddly disconnected from your current lifestyle. Maybe you feel “trapped” or “stuck” and don’t know where to go or what comes next? Here’s another BIG one – you’ve rarely felt like you truly belonged in this world. Like, something is unique about YOU. You’re a weirdo - always have been. Congrats!
(937) 583-6807 View (937) 583-6807
Photo of Shonda Jones, LPC, CRC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shonda Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CRC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Not accepting new clients
Do you live with feelings of anxiety, depression, or being overwhelmed? Are you navigating conflict with a partner or family member? Do you experience difficulty with time management and organization? Whether you are going through a life transition, having relationship difficulties, or addressing issues from PTSD, I am here to help. I utilize structured and supportive modalities that create a thoughtful and safe counseling environment that empowers you to do the work and move forward on your path to healing and independence.
Do you live with feelings of anxiety, depression, or being overwhelmed? Are you navigating conflict with a partner or family member? Do you experience difficulty with time management and organization? Whether you are going through a life transition, having relationship difficulties, or addressing issues from PTSD, I am here to help. I utilize structured and supportive modalities that create a thoughtful and safe counseling environment that empowers you to do the work and move forward on your path to healing and independence.
(937) 872-2741 View (937) 872-2741
Photo of Savannah Burgess-Flack, MS, CT
Savannah Burgess-Flack
MS, CT
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
I love helping people bounce back from challenging times in their lives. I believe strongly in balancing self, family, and work and enjoy helping people find their own balance!
I love helping people bounce back from challenging times in their lives. I believe strongly in balancing self, family, and work and enjoy helping people find their own balance!
(937) 203-2301 View (937) 203-2301
Photo of Tracey Stute, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tracey Stute
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Seeking help is courageous, taking the first step is the hardest. I am happy you are here and I'm looking forward to exploring how therapy may play a crucial role in your journey towards mental health and well-being. People have a variety of reasons for pursuing counseling, like reducing the negative impact of stress and anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns. You may be wading through career difficulties and navigating challenging life transitions. If any of this sounds familiar there is hope.
Seeking help is courageous, taking the first step is the hardest. I am happy you are here and I'm looking forward to exploring how therapy may play a crucial role in your journey towards mental health and well-being. People have a variety of reasons for pursuing counseling, like reducing the negative impact of stress and anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns. You may be wading through career difficulties and navigating challenging life transitions. If any of this sounds familiar there is hope.
(937) 709-5998 View (937) 709-5998
Photo of Dr. Josh Shuman - Dayton Therapy and Assessment Practice, LLC, PsyD, ABPP, Psychologist
Dayton Therapy and Assessment Practice, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Yellow Springs, OH 45387
I am Josh Shuman, PsyD, ABPP, a Board Certified clinical psychologist serving the Dayton area. What therapy with me is like: Solution-focused and encouraging. We'll go at the pace that you set. You won’t only hear “How does that make you feel?” in therapy with me. I will also help you learn the skills necessary to survive- even thrive- through your worst times. Collaboratively, we will do this together. How: We'll work together to identify your strengths, your mental and emotional “stuck points,” and where you can benefit from self-care and new ways of thinking and feeling that you may not have considered before.
I am Josh Shuman, PsyD, ABPP, a Board Certified clinical psychologist serving the Dayton area. What therapy with me is like: Solution-focused and encouraging. We'll go at the pace that you set. You won’t only hear “How does that make you feel?” in therapy with me. I will also help you learn the skills necessary to survive- even thrive- through your worst times. Collaboratively, we will do this together. How: We'll work together to identify your strengths, your mental and emotional “stuck points,” and where you can benefit from self-care and new ways of thinking and feeling that you may not have considered before.
(937) 230-7828 View (937) 230-7828

See more therapy options for Yellow Springs

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Yellow Springs, OH

20+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Yellow Springs, OH who prioritize treating:

81% Anxiety
76% Relationship Issues
76% Depression
71% Grief
71% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
83% Anthem | Elevance
75% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Yellow Springs, OH see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
24% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Yellow Springs?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.