Therapists in Whitehall, OH

Photo of Deborah Pinckney - Have Faith Christian Counseling, LPCC-S, LCDC, III, SAP, Counselor
Have Faith Christian Counseling
Counselor, LPCC-S, LCDC, III, SAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Whitehall, OH 43213
You are a spiritual being living a human experience, which may result in challenges wounding your body, mind and spirit. At Have Faith Christian Counseling you're offered "a caring hand in life's journey," and encouragement to take a mustard seed step of faith. A step toward your healing journey of achievement, awareness, creativity, forgiveness, fulfillment, joy, self love, love of others, peace and spiritual growth. There is hope! Be encouraged. Empower yourself today to begin living the positive life you were created to live.
You are a spiritual being living a human experience, which may result in challenges wounding your body, mind and spirit. At Have Faith Christian Counseling you're offered "a caring hand in life's journey," and encouragement to take a mustard seed step of faith. A step toward your healing journey of achievement, awareness, creativity, forgiveness, fulfillment, joy, self love, love of others, peace and spiritual growth. There is hope! Be encouraged. Empower yourself today to begin living the positive life you were created to live.
(614) 515-4452 View (614) 515-4452
Photo of Victoria M Williamson, L, P, C, Counselor
Victoria M Williamson
Counselor, L, P, C
Verified Verified
Whitehall, OH 43213  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with 20 years of experience, and a background in Art Therapy. I specialize in counseling adults, and have experience treating mood disorders, gambling addiction, family conflict, relationships in transition, grief and loss, end of life issues, couples counseling and substance abuse.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with 20 years of experience, and a background in Art Therapy. I specialize in counseling adults, and have experience treating mood disorders, gambling addiction, family conflict, relationships in transition, grief and loss, end of life issues, couples counseling and substance abuse.
(614) 310-4501 View (614) 310-4501
Photo of Lauren Burgess, MFT-T, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Lauren Burgess
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT-T
Verified Verified
Whitehall, OH 43213
I bring a curious, direct, and intellectual energy to the therapeutic space. I am a mother to a blended family, a postpartum doula, and a taekwondo enthusiast. I understand the diverse array of individual and familial connections and the complexities they entail.
I bring a curious, direct, and intellectual energy to the therapeutic space. I am a mother to a blended family, a postpartum doula, and a taekwondo enthusiast. I understand the diverse array of individual and familial connections and the complexities they entail.
(740) 900-0866 View (740) 900-0866
Photo of Amanda Price, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Price
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Whitehall, OH 43213  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a clinician with 11 years post master’s experience working with children, teens and adults. I have experience working with couples, individuals and their families. I prefer to work with individuals who are adults. I utilize a humanistic, client centered and strength-based approach. I utilize an eclectic approach to working with trauma, depression, anxiety that include Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy techniques. I am an ally for those who are LGBTQIA+ and an ally to the ENM lifestyle.
I am a clinician with 11 years post master’s experience working with children, teens and adults. I have experience working with couples, individuals and their families. I prefer to work with individuals who are adults. I utilize a humanistic, client centered and strength-based approach. I utilize an eclectic approach to working with trauma, depression, anxiety that include Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy techniques. I am an ally for those who are LGBTQIA+ and an ally to the ENM lifestyle.
(614) 992-7974 View (614) 992-7974

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dana Lynn Zager - Dana Zager Therapy LLC, MA, ATR-BC, MSW, LISW-S, OSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dana Zager Therapy LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, ATR-BC, MSW, LISW-S, OSW-C
Verified Verified
Bexley, OH 43209
PRACTICAL AND PERSONALIZED THERAPY FOR ADULTS, ADOLESCENTS, CHILDREN AND FAMILIES NAVIGATING THE EMOTIONAL ASPECTS OF LIFE'S CHALLENGES, INCLUDING LIFE-ALTERING ILLNESSES. Many of Dana Zager's patients come to her struggling with uncomfortable or painful feelings...having trouble dealing with or resolving a problem that just won't go away...finding that they keep repeating the same self-defeating patterns, but can't seem to break the cycle. Sessions focus on emotional needs and awareness, identification of issues and concerns, and development of skills and tools. OTHER SPECIALITIES:
PRACTICAL AND PERSONALIZED THERAPY FOR ADULTS, ADOLESCENTS, CHILDREN AND FAMILIES NAVIGATING THE EMOTIONAL ASPECTS OF LIFE'S CHALLENGES, INCLUDING LIFE-ALTERING ILLNESSES. Many of Dana Zager's patients come to her struggling with uncomfortable or painful feelings...having trouble dealing with or resolving a problem that just won't go away...finding that they keep repeating the same self-defeating patterns, but can't seem to break the cycle. Sessions focus on emotional needs and awareness, identification of issues and concerns, and development of skills and tools. OTHER SPECIALITIES:
(614) 530-5501 View (614) 530-5501
Photo of Daniel Ellis, MS, LPC, CTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Daniel Ellis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43209  (Online Only)
Have you found yourself in a narcissistic relationship and need help recovering or navigating? Are you noticing that life is difficult to cope with because of anxiety and depression? I can help you to achieve your goals and manage your life more effectively. My ideal client is an individual who is highly motivated to change, and ready to put the work in to make that happen.
Have you found yourself in a narcissistic relationship and need help recovering or navigating? Are you noticing that life is difficult to cope with because of anxiety and depression? I can help you to achieve your goals and manage your life more effectively. My ideal client is an individual who is highly motivated to change, and ready to put the work in to make that happen.
(937) 858-1484 View (937) 858-1484
Photo of Adam Wills, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adam Wills
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Bexley, OH 43209
Waitlist for new clients
I’m committed to providing my full attention and support in helping people work toward positive changes that align with their own values and goals. I work with adults and adolescents, and I take an eclectic and holistic approach to help with concerns that may include mental health, stress, trauma, grief, addiction, relationships, or adjusting to life changes. This may be a matter of short-term counseling to strengthen coping skills or overcome a specific challenge, or more in-depth therapy to better understand and resolve deeper patterns and issues.
I’m committed to providing my full attention and support in helping people work toward positive changes that align with their own values and goals. I work with adults and adolescents, and I take an eclectic and holistic approach to help with concerns that may include mental health, stress, trauma, grief, addiction, relationships, or adjusting to life changes. This may be a matter of short-term counseling to strengthen coping skills or overcome a specific challenge, or more in-depth therapy to better understand and resolve deeper patterns and issues.
(614) 321-9128 View (614) 321-9128
Photo of Judi Lennon, MSW, LCSW, CHT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Judi Lennon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CHT
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43213
Licensed Social Workers are trained and educated to assist in many situations. You are guaranteed confidentiality and someone that will listen and assist you with your problems in a compassionate manner. I have assisted individual clients, families and groups for many years in dealing with mental health problems, addictions and substance abuse, physical and sexual abuse, anxiety, relationship issues and many more situations and difficulties of life. In addition, I am certified in hypnotherapy and EMDR.
Licensed Social Workers are trained and educated to assist in many situations. You are guaranteed confidentiality and someone that will listen and assist you with your problems in a compassionate manner. I have assisted individual clients, families and groups for many years in dealing with mental health problems, addictions and substance abuse, physical and sexual abuse, anxiety, relationship issues and many more situations and difficulties of life. In addition, I am certified in hypnotherapy and EMDR.
(914) 888-2077 View (914) 888-2077
Photo of Jay Murali, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jay Murali
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43213  (Online Only)
You and I will develop an excellent client-therapist relationship if we share these values: trust and openness, collaborative problem-solving, mindful thinking, active listening, and patience. I strive to create a space where you can be vulnerable and honest about the challenges affecting you. I promise to help you navigate them in a way that's empowering, respectful, thoughtful, and sensitive.
You and I will develop an excellent client-therapist relationship if we share these values: trust and openness, collaborative problem-solving, mindful thinking, active listening, and patience. I strive to create a space where you can be vulnerable and honest about the challenges affecting you. I promise to help you navigate them in a way that's empowering, respectful, thoughtful, and sensitive.
(614) 618-4109 View (614) 618-4109
Photo of Robin Hoffman - Robin Hoffman LPCC, LPCC, Counselor
Robin Hoffman LPCC
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bexley, OH 43209  (Online Only)
I am a private practice counselor who has had years of experience treating a variety of mental health disorders. I believe in holistic health in dealing with everyday stress. I also run a partial hospital program here in Columbus Ohio. I use CBT to help learn skills to retrain your brain when you get stuck in old thinking patterns. I also draw from mindfulness training to help learn skills to manage anxiety and combat fears. I have worked with both individuals and couples to address relationship issues.
I am a private practice counselor who has had years of experience treating a variety of mental health disorders. I believe in holistic health in dealing with everyday stress. I also run a partial hospital program here in Columbus Ohio. I use CBT to help learn skills to retrain your brain when you get stuck in old thinking patterns. I also draw from mindfulness training to help learn skills to manage anxiety and combat fears. I have worked with both individuals and couples to address relationship issues.
(614) 907-4628 View (614) 907-4628
Photo of Michelle M Morris, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle M Morris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bexley, OH 43209  (Online Only)
Overwhelmed? Have you said or someone told you, “You’re a hot mess?” Do you need a cheerleader, someone who genuinely cares and nurtures your growth? Look no further! I see a limited number of people per week to keep my practice person-centered around you. There are available hours for most needs, including evenings. My private practice, The Open Gate is exclusively telehealth. In today’s world, people are overextended and trying to find balance. My walk is all about balance and finding the path that best matches your needs. I want to help people who are motivated for change and can benefit from support and strategies.
Overwhelmed? Have you said or someone told you, “You’re a hot mess?” Do you need a cheerleader, someone who genuinely cares and nurtures your growth? Look no further! I see a limited number of people per week to keep my practice person-centered around you. There are available hours for most needs, including evenings. My private practice, The Open Gate is exclusively telehealth. In today’s world, people are overextended and trying to find balance. My walk is all about balance and finding the path that best matches your needs. I want to help people who are motivated for change and can benefit from support and strategies.
(419) 314-4880 View (419) 314-4880
Photo of Debbie Sherman, LPCC
Debbie Sherman
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43213
Debbie Sherman, LPCC, is a licensed professional clinical counselor. She received her bachelor's degree in psychology from The Ohio State University. She received her master's degree in clinical counseling from the University of Dayton. Debbie has over 25 years of experience providing individual counseling in a variety of settings which include community mental health, private practice and the Hospice of Columbus. Debbie works with adults dealing with a variety of concerns which include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorders, weight concerns, bereavement, stress and relationship concerns.
Debbie Sherman, LPCC, is a licensed professional clinical counselor. She received her bachelor's degree in psychology from The Ohio State University. She received her master's degree in clinical counseling from the University of Dayton. Debbie has over 25 years of experience providing individual counseling in a variety of settings which include community mental health, private practice and the Hospice of Columbus. Debbie works with adults dealing with a variety of concerns which include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorders, weight concerns, bereavement, stress and relationship concerns.
(380) 666-4948 View (380) 666-4948
Photo of Karen Jeffries, MA, LPCC, -S, Counselor
Karen Jeffries
Counselor, MA, LPCC, -S
Verified Verified
Bexley, OH 43209
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who has been practicing for over 30 years. My areas of competency include Individual, Couples, Family and Group Therapy, as well as Supervision, Consultation, and Diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders. My focus is on assisting clients with options, and alternatives as they strive toward wholeness in their lives.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who has been practicing for over 30 years. My areas of competency include Individual, Couples, Family and Group Therapy, as well as Supervision, Consultation, and Diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders. My focus is on assisting clients with options, and alternatives as they strive toward wholeness in their lives.
(614) 656-4542 View (614) 656-4542
Photo of Kailynn VanHoesen, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kailynn VanHoesen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43213
I have the ability to treat clients who find themselves struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem/self-worth, family/marital issues, stage of life struggles, trauma, and/or sexual identity/dysphoria. I see clients ranging in age from 12 and older.
I have the ability to treat clients who find themselves struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem/self-worth, family/marital issues, stage of life struggles, trauma, and/or sexual identity/dysphoria. I see clients ranging in age from 12 and older.
(614) 656-7025 View (614) 656-7025
Photo of Emily Linder, LPCC-S, Counselor
Emily Linder
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Bexley, OH 43209  (Online Only)
You're sitting on the couch trying to motivate yourself to get up and moving. You have so much to do and all of it important but you just... can't. You feel overwhelmed and you don't know where to start. You're exhausted and it's time for a change. You want to get through your day without becoming overwhelmed and shutting down. You'd like to tackle your day to day tasks without that little voice in the back of your head being so critical. You think it would also feel wonderful to actually enjoy life and take time for yourself without feeling guilty or selfish. I can help you get there.
You're sitting on the couch trying to motivate yourself to get up and moving. You have so much to do and all of it important but you just... can't. You feel overwhelmed and you don't know where to start. You're exhausted and it's time for a change. You want to get through your day without becoming overwhelmed and shutting down. You'd like to tackle your day to day tasks without that little voice in the back of your head being so critical. You think it would also feel wonderful to actually enjoy life and take time for yourself without feeling guilty or selfish. I can help you get there.
(330) 632-8949 View (330) 632-8949
Photo of Diane Strausser, MSS, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Diane Strausser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43227
Without exception, all people want contentment and happiness, yet often it is elusive. Yet, there really is a roadmap to peace and harmony---and it can be taught! Conflict can be replaced with curiosity. Compassion can replace judgement. Open-heartedness can overcome disappointment. My strength is in being a guide for people who want to grow into the person they were meant to be. By attending to our minds our bodies and our spirits---in addition to having healthy relationships we can create vitality---whethere we're single or married. Teaching all people the exquisite art of connection is my passion.
Without exception, all people want contentment and happiness, yet often it is elusive. Yet, there really is a roadmap to peace and harmony---and it can be taught! Conflict can be replaced with curiosity. Compassion can replace judgement. Open-heartedness can overcome disappointment. My strength is in being a guide for people who want to grow into the person they were meant to be. By attending to our minds our bodies and our spirits---in addition to having healthy relationships we can create vitality---whethere we're single or married. Teaching all people the exquisite art of connection is my passion.
(614) 664-6269 View (614) 664-6269
Photo of Abdur Siddiq- Jennah Counseling Services, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Abdur Siddiq- Jennah Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43209
In a busy, hectic, fast-paced world, we sometimes find ourselves overwhelmed and needing somewhere safe and calm to breathe. Therapy can be a space where someone finds the time to relieve the stress of work, family/relationships and other psychosocial issues related to life in today's world. By addressing these needs, the person can become whole again and live the satisfying life they want. For consultation or to schedule an appointment, I can be reached at 614-354-7006.
In a busy, hectic, fast-paced world, we sometimes find ourselves overwhelmed and needing somewhere safe and calm to breathe. Therapy can be a space where someone finds the time to relieve the stress of work, family/relationships and other psychosocial issues related to life in today's world. By addressing these needs, the person can become whole again and live the satisfying life they want. For consultation or to schedule an appointment, I can be reached at 614-354-7006.
(614) 665-8194 View (614) 665-8194
Photo of Danielle Haynes, LISW-S, LICDC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Haynes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43227  (Online Only)
As the Founder of Rainbow of Resilience LLC, I specialize in mental health and substance use disorders. I utilize a holistic approach, while implementing a person centered approach so I can meet you where you are at. My goal is to focus on your overall wellness as an individual, not just sustaining mental/emotional health, but also increasing your quality of life. I have 10 years of experience working in the mental health and substance use field with various agencies in the Franklin County and Central Ohio area. I also have experience with diverse and vulnerable populations as well.
As the Founder of Rainbow of Resilience LLC, I specialize in mental health and substance use disorders. I utilize a holistic approach, while implementing a person centered approach so I can meet you where you are at. My goal is to focus on your overall wellness as an individual, not just sustaining mental/emotional health, but also increasing your quality of life. I have 10 years of experience working in the mental health and substance use field with various agencies in the Franklin County and Central Ohio area. I also have experience with diverse and vulnerable populations as well.
(614) 858-8841 View (614) 858-8841
Photo of James E Phelan, LCSW, PsyD
James E Phelan
LCSW, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43219
James E. Phelan received his Doctorate degree in Psychology (Psy.D) from California Southern University and his Master's degree in Social Work (MSW) from Marywood University. He is a program coordinator at Veterans Health Administration. He a nationally Board Certified Diplomate in Clinical Social Work (BCD) and an Internationally Certified Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselor (ICADC). He is a Research Associate to the American Psychoanalytic Association and also a military Veteran having served in both the U.S. Army and the U.S. Air Force.
James E. Phelan received his Doctorate degree in Psychology (Psy.D) from California Southern University and his Master's degree in Social Work (MSW) from Marywood University. He is a program coordinator at Veterans Health Administration. He a nationally Board Certified Diplomate in Clinical Social Work (BCD) and an Internationally Certified Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselor (ICADC). He is a Research Associate to the American Psychoanalytic Association and also a military Veteran having served in both the U.S. Army and the U.S. Air Force.
(614) 907-4756 View (614) 907-4756
Caroline Berlin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43213  (Online Only)
I utilize a trauma- informed approach in working with clients ages 15 and up who are experiencing concerns related to depression, anxiety, substance use, grief, anger management, thought rumination, relationships, life transitions, career guidance, mood disorders, personality disorders, past trauma, and PTSD. I enjoy utilizing techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and narrative therapy to help my clients reflect on their personal life experiences.
I utilize a trauma- informed approach in working with clients ages 15 and up who are experiencing concerns related to depression, anxiety, substance use, grief, anger management, thought rumination, relationships, life transitions, career guidance, mood disorders, personality disorders, past trauma, and PTSD. I enjoy utilizing techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and narrative therapy to help my clients reflect on their personal life experiences.
(614) 656-7025 View (614) 656-7025

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Whitehall, OH

< 10

Therapists in Whitehall, OH who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Divorce
100% Coping Skills
100% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Medical Mutual
100% Anthem | Elevance
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Whitehall, OH see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Whitehall?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.