Therapists in Westerville, OH

Photo of Sharon K Williston-Benadum, MA, LPCC-S, LICDC, SAP, Counselor
Sharon K Williston-Benadum
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, LICDC, SAP
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
The ideal client will be someone who comes to counseling with a willingness to work on the issues that are significantly affecting their lives and relationships. I enjoy working with adolescents as well as adults and am able to provide individual counseling, marital and relational counseling, as well as pastoral and spirituality counseling.
The ideal client will be someone who comes to counseling with a willingness to work on the issues that are significantly affecting their lives and relationships. I enjoy working with adolescents as well as adults and am able to provide individual counseling, marital and relational counseling, as well as pastoral and spirituality counseling.
(614) 835-7542 x707 View (614) 835-7542 x707
Photo of Kevin Jaworski, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kevin Jaworski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081  (Online Only)
I specialize in the treatment of OCD and anxiety disorders. My approach utilizes a combination of exposure and response prevention (ERP) and Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS). I have had success utilizing these evidence based approaches individually or in tandem to treat OCD and anxiety and find that together they cover a broad range of symptom complexity and experience, including intrusive thoughts and compulsions, complex trauma, and experiences of shame, guilt and self-criticism that often accompany OCD and anxiety symptoms. I treat all subtypes of OCD, including Pure O presentations.
I specialize in the treatment of OCD and anxiety disorders. My approach utilizes a combination of exposure and response prevention (ERP) and Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS). I have had success utilizing these evidence based approaches individually or in tandem to treat OCD and anxiety and find that together they cover a broad range of symptom complexity and experience, including intrusive thoughts and compulsions, complex trauma, and experiences of shame, guilt and self-criticism that often accompany OCD and anxiety symptoms. I treat all subtypes of OCD, including Pure O presentations.
(440) 271-8276 View (440) 271-8276
Photo of Julie Ann Wnukowski, JD, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julie Ann Wnukowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, JD, MEd
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
What is blocking you from living a healthy, whole, fulfilling life? Have you been derailed, discouraged, or confused about things going on in your life or around you? I'd like to explore this with you. I am passionate about supporting people or couples who are finding themselves in particularly challenging situations, life transitions, or difficult relationships. Are you having a tough time navigating some things at work or at home? Do you have challenges that keep resurfacing in your life? Let's figure out some solutions together.
What is blocking you from living a healthy, whole, fulfilling life? Have you been derailed, discouraged, or confused about things going on in your life or around you? I'd like to explore this with you. I am passionate about supporting people or couples who are finding themselves in particularly challenging situations, life transitions, or difficult relationships. Are you having a tough time navigating some things at work or at home? Do you have challenges that keep resurfacing in your life? Let's figure out some solutions together.
(614) 412-0879 View (614) 412-0879
Photo of Eric C. Miller, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Eric C. Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081
Are you feeling emotionally disconnected from your partner? I specialize in helping couples reconnect and communicate more effectively using The Gottman Method. Is your teen struggling with anxiety, depression, or behavioral challenges? I work with teens, and as needed, their parents, to foster healthier relationships and help them thrive. If you’re a man feeling stuck, anxious, or struggling with men’s issues, I provide a space to discuss men’s unique challenges. Evening and weekend appointments are currently available. Contact me for a free 15 minute call to see if I’m the right fit to help you move forward!
Are you feeling emotionally disconnected from your partner? I specialize in helping couples reconnect and communicate more effectively using The Gottman Method. Is your teen struggling with anxiety, depression, or behavioral challenges? I work with teens, and as needed, their parents, to foster healthier relationships and help them thrive. If you’re a man feeling stuck, anxious, or struggling with men’s issues, I provide a space to discuss men’s unique challenges. Evening and weekend appointments are currently available. Contact me for a free 15 minute call to see if I’m the right fit to help you move forward!
(614) 980-2290 View (614) 980-2290
Photo of Christina Powers
Christina Powers
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081  (Online Only)
Sometimes the curves that life throws our way are difficult to navigate. With the right tools and strategies, you can work through anything! Whether you are struggling with anxiety, teen drama, depression, or childhood behaviors, I can help you walk that road to achieve your treatment goals.In 2008, I graduated from Bowling Green State University with a Master’s degree in Mental Health Counseling. Now, 15 years later as a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with supervision designation (LPCC-S),
Sometimes the curves that life throws our way are difficult to navigate. With the right tools and strategies, you can work through anything! Whether you are struggling with anxiety, teen drama, depression, or childhood behaviors, I can help you walk that road to achieve your treatment goals.In 2008, I graduated from Bowling Green State University with a Master’s degree in Mental Health Counseling. Now, 15 years later as a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with supervision designation (LPCC-S),
(380) 227-3586 View (380) 227-3586
Photo of Dani Hanlin, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dani Hanlin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081
Not accepting new clients
Not accepting new clients at this time - - - I am here as an unbiased listener. I believe there is no “one-size-fits-all” when it comes to therapy. Every individual is different, including myself, and we all come to therapy with different backgrounds, cultures, world views, and experiences. I use a collaborative and holistic approach with a focus on the mind-body connection, and it is my goal to provide you with intentional, sustainable, and practical tools.
Not accepting new clients at this time - - - I am here as an unbiased listener. I believe there is no “one-size-fits-all” when it comes to therapy. Every individual is different, including myself, and we all come to therapy with different backgrounds, cultures, world views, and experiences. I use a collaborative and holistic approach with a focus on the mind-body connection, and it is my goal to provide you with intentional, sustainable, and practical tools.
(614) 660-5331 View (614) 660-5331
Photo of Alaina Deighan, PC, Counselor
Alaina Deighan
Counselor, PC
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
Alaina "Ally" Deighan (she/her) was born and raised in Columbus, Ohio. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology and Criminology from Otterbein University. She is currently enrolled in the Clinical Mental Health Counseling Master's program at the University of Dayton and is practicing as a Licensed Counselor Trainee through the State of Ohio Counselor, Social Worker, and Marriage and Family Therapist Board. Ally has over ten years' experience working in the behavioral health field.
Alaina "Ally" Deighan (she/her) was born and raised in Columbus, Ohio. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology and Criminology from Otterbein University. She is currently enrolled in the Clinical Mental Health Counseling Master's program at the University of Dayton and is practicing as a Licensed Counselor Trainee through the State of Ohio Counselor, Social Worker, and Marriage and Family Therapist Board. Ally has over ten years' experience working in the behavioral health field.
(614) 666-6746 View (614) 666-6746
Photo of Holly Mundon, MSW , LISW-S, CCTP , CDCA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Holly Mundon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW , LISW-S, CCTP , CDCA
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
Are you having struggles in your job or relationship? Have you been diagnosed with a mental illness and need coping skills as you learn to manage all that it entails? Do you need education, support, and encouragement? I work with grief/loss, trauma, Depression, Anxiety, coping skills & boundaries, relationship and job stressors, life transitions, and general support. I am passionate about helping those who are 'helping professions' and work with health professionals and first responders dealing with secondary trauma. We will work together to set goals for taking the next steps to feel better.
Are you having struggles in your job or relationship? Have you been diagnosed with a mental illness and need coping skills as you learn to manage all that it entails? Do you need education, support, and encouragement? I work with grief/loss, trauma, Depression, Anxiety, coping skills & boundaries, relationship and job stressors, life transitions, and general support. I am passionate about helping those who are 'helping professions' and work with health professionals and first responders dealing with secondary trauma. We will work together to set goals for taking the next steps to feel better.
(380) 333-9203 View (380) 333-9203
Photo of Kimberly Gray, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kimberly Gray
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081  (Online Only)
We all go through times when stress or life circumstances become overwhelming. I want you to know, you are not alone. I seek to provide a safe, judgement free space for you to unburden yourself and move towards a place of peace and wellbeing. I am experienced in working with individuals struggling with anxiety disorders, bi-polar disorders, grief and loss, OCD, self-esteem and life transition issues. I am also experienced assisting mothers as they journey through various postpartum concerns and have completed training in exposure and response prevention therapy for the treatment of OCD, phobias, and other anxiety disorders.
We all go through times when stress or life circumstances become overwhelming. I want you to know, you are not alone. I seek to provide a safe, judgement free space for you to unburden yourself and move towards a place of peace and wellbeing. I am experienced in working with individuals struggling with anxiety disorders, bi-polar disorders, grief and loss, OCD, self-esteem and life transition issues. I am also experienced assisting mothers as they journey through various postpartum concerns and have completed training in exposure and response prevention therapy for the treatment of OCD, phobias, and other anxiety disorders.
(380) 207-1570 View (380) 207-1570
Photo of Emanuel Werner, LPCC-S, LICDC
Emanuel Werner
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
I specialize in treating generalized anxiety, OCD, depression, complex trauma and PTSD, substance and alcohol use, couples & marital issues, grief, major life transitions, vocational/career discernment, and a variety of everyday and lifelong existential questions and realities we all face. Are you depressed and anxious about many things, with sleepless nights and moments of quiet desperation, helplessness, hopelessness, and worthlessness? Are you searching for answers to questions both known and unknown, looking to share with someone who can validate the reality of suffering in your life & help you find ways to navigate?
I specialize in treating generalized anxiety, OCD, depression, complex trauma and PTSD, substance and alcohol use, couples & marital issues, grief, major life transitions, vocational/career discernment, and a variety of everyday and lifelong existential questions and realities we all face. Are you depressed and anxious about many things, with sleepless nights and moments of quiet desperation, helplessness, hopelessness, and worthlessness? Are you searching for answers to questions both known and unknown, looking to share with someone who can validate the reality of suffering in your life & help you find ways to navigate?
(380) 600-2836 View (380) 600-2836
Photo of Diana Cofsky, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Diana Cofsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years. I am a lifelong resident of South Jersey and obtained my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia.
I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years. I am a lifelong resident of South Jersey and obtained my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia.
(380) 201-9742 View (380) 201-9742
Photo of Amy Weller, MA , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Weller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPC
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
I am passionate about trauma, depression, anxiety, LGBQT concerns, personality disorders, and neurodivergence. An ideal client is an individual who has a growth mindset and explores their thoughts and feelings and how they impact their behavior. They may not understand how those thoughts derived from past experiences, but they are willing to open old wounds given the right tools. They feel safe and secure and want to heal through hard work and determination.
I am passionate about trauma, depression, anxiety, LGBQT concerns, personality disorders, and neurodivergence. An ideal client is an individual who has a growth mindset and explores their thoughts and feelings and how they impact their behavior. They may not understand how those thoughts derived from past experiences, but they are willing to open old wounds given the right tools. They feel safe and secure and want to heal through hard work and determination.
(380) 600-8835 View (380) 600-8835
Photo of Carnessca Butler, LPPC-S
Carnessca Butler
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPPC-S
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
Do you want to improve your anxiety and relationships in order to improve your overall functioning? My ideal client would be someone who is ready to make changes and begin therapy. I would enjoy working with someone with goals but may need some help clarifying them and creating a plan to work toward them.
Do you want to improve your anxiety and relationships in order to improve your overall functioning? My ideal client would be someone who is ready to make changes and begin therapy. I would enjoy working with someone with goals but may need some help clarifying them and creating a plan to work toward them.
(380) 210-4919 View (380) 210-4919
Photo of Collin Weekes, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Collin Weekes
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081  (Online Only)
I am a therapist, EMDR Therapist, Certified Forensic Mental Health Evaluator, and proud graduate of Regent University where I earned a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I also have a Master's in Clinical Psychology from Fielding Graduate University. My focus includes depression, anxiety, PTSD, and OCD. I conduct Immigration Evaluations using an integrative approach to therapy that includes various treatment modalities based on your therapeutic and personal needs. Because of my service in ministry, I am uniquely positioned to offer spiritual therapy from a Christian perspective at your request.
I am a therapist, EMDR Therapist, Certified Forensic Mental Health Evaluator, and proud graduate of Regent University where I earned a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I also have a Master's in Clinical Psychology from Fielding Graduate University. My focus includes depression, anxiety, PTSD, and OCD. I conduct Immigration Evaluations using an integrative approach to therapy that includes various treatment modalities based on your therapeutic and personal needs. Because of my service in ministry, I am uniquely positioned to offer spiritual therapy from a Christian perspective at your request.
(380) 207-1462 View (380) 207-1462
Photo of Allison L Smith, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Allison L Smith
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43082
I specialize in employing a warm, empathic, and scientifically-based approach to the treatment of mental health conditions. I believe that competency and the fostering of trust in the therapeutic environment are paramount, and translate into progress when a client is committed to their improvement. I also believe that management of health conditions entails a degree of choice--one that can be overwhelming and intimidating at times, which is what drives me as a practitioner to provide caring, compassionate services rooted in research of best practice.
I specialize in employing a warm, empathic, and scientifically-based approach to the treatment of mental health conditions. I believe that competency and the fostering of trust in the therapeutic environment are paramount, and translate into progress when a client is committed to their improvement. I also believe that management of health conditions entails a degree of choice--one that can be overwhelming and intimidating at times, which is what drives me as a practitioner to provide caring, compassionate services rooted in research of best practice.
(380) 230-4496 View (380) 230-4496
Photo of Sara E Matlack, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara E Matlack
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081
I genuinely enjoy working with families and adults seeking help with Anxiety, Depression, Grief, Parent child interaction, trauma, Domestic Violence and Spirituality. I love helping clients meet their individual goals and improving their coping skills to decrease symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, relationship issues and trauma.
I genuinely enjoy working with families and adults seeking help with Anxiety, Depression, Grief, Parent child interaction, trauma, Domestic Violence and Spirituality. I love helping clients meet their individual goals and improving their coping skills to decrease symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, relationship issues and trauma.
(833) 579-7674 View (833) 579-7674
Photo of Taylor Matthews - Vineyard Columbus Counseling Center, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Vineyard Columbus Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081
If you are struggling with adjustment disorders, anxiety, depression, life transitions, spiritual issues, and grief/loss - I want to help. Children 11+ and adults are welcome! Especially, if you want to gain awareness around emotions/sensations and learn tools to love yourself better! Additionally, I am working towards developing skills in trauma work, child/adolescent therapy, and polyvagal theory.
If you are struggling with adjustment disorders, anxiety, depression, life transitions, spiritual issues, and grief/loss - I want to help. Children 11+ and adults are welcome! Especially, if you want to gain awareness around emotions/sensations and learn tools to love yourself better! Additionally, I am working towards developing skills in trauma work, child/adolescent therapy, and polyvagal theory.
(614) 482-1816 x5356 View (614) 482-1816 x5356
Photo of Emily Combes, MS, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Combes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081
I believe great strides can be made through a strong therapeutic relationship. When you walk into my office you will be stepping into a judgement free space and met with compassion and support. Come as you are with everything you have. I have a passion for working with women throughout their journey to motherhood and parenting. Motherhood has been one of the most dramatic life transitions in my life. Whether you are trying to conceive, anxious during pregnancy, or walking through the throes of the fourth trimester (and beyond) I will walk by your side and help you to find who you are in this new stage of life.
I believe great strides can be made through a strong therapeutic relationship. When you walk into my office you will be stepping into a judgement free space and met with compassion and support. Come as you are with everything you have. I have a passion for working with women throughout their journey to motherhood and parenting. Motherhood has been one of the most dramatic life transitions in my life. Whether you are trying to conceive, anxious during pregnancy, or walking through the throes of the fourth trimester (and beyond) I will walk by your side and help you to find who you are in this new stage of life.
(380) 201-9689 View (380) 201-9689
Photo of Cassidy Keller, LPCC, Counselor
Cassidy Keller
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
Cassidy Keller is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor Supervisor (LPCC-S) through the State of Ohio Counselor, Social Worker, and Marriage and Family Therapist Board and a National Certified Counselor (NCC) through the National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. She received her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology, with a minor in Communications, and her Master of Arts in Counseling from West Virginia University. While in West Virginia, Cassidy worked in an intensive outpatient program for substance abuse and a comprehensive opioid addiction treatment program for pregnant women.
Cassidy Keller is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor Supervisor (LPCC-S) through the State of Ohio Counselor, Social Worker, and Marriage and Family Therapist Board and a National Certified Counselor (NCC) through the National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. She received her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology, with a minor in Communications, and her Master of Arts in Counseling from West Virginia University. While in West Virginia, Cassidy worked in an intensive outpatient program for substance abuse and a comprehensive opioid addiction treatment program for pregnant women.
(614) 860-5817 View (614) 860-5817
Photo of Jonathan Thorn, LPC, DBTC, EMDR t, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jonathan Thorn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, DBTC, EMDR t
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081
Do you feel life is full of anxiety and depression? Do you feel you are struggling with a sense of meaning in this busy world? Maybe you feel triggered and that your past keeps tripping you and you don’t know why. Shame is also something you may experience. It can come and go in waves and often gets in the way of being able to move forward and bring up past hurts and traumas. What is happening is happening, that is okay, it is normal, and know you are not alone. Anxiety, depression, and trauma pulls us away from who we are. Walking together, we will explore these feelings to help you rediscover who you are.
Do you feel life is full of anxiety and depression? Do you feel you are struggling with a sense of meaning in this busy world? Maybe you feel triggered and that your past keeps tripping you and you don’t know why. Shame is also something you may experience. It can come and go in waves and often gets in the way of being able to move forward and bring up past hurts and traumas. What is happening is happening, that is okay, it is normal, and know you are not alone. Anxiety, depression, and trauma pulls us away from who we are. Walking together, we will explore these feelings to help you rediscover who you are.
(380) 333-6350 View (380) 333-6350
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Westerville, OH

400+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Westerville, OH who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
72% Stress
68% Grief
65% Relationship Issues
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
73% Cigna and Evernorth
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Westerville, OH see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Westerville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.