Photo of Mary Goebel-Komala, PhD, Psychologist
Mary Goebel-Komala
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Upper Sandusky, OH 43351
Sexual issues include infidelity, problematic online sexual behavior, low desire, sexual pain, erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory difficulties, gender identity or sexual orientation concerns, anxiety, depression, OCD, history of trauma.
I am a seasoned professional who loves to use my knowledge and skills to help people find more joy in their lives. For 25 years I helped adults and children with anxiety, anger, depression, ADHD, traumas and relationship conflicts. In 2020 I received advanced training in Sex Therapy from the OCRSH in Cleveland. My practice is now focussed on relationships and sexual health. There is nothing more beautiful in life than having an enduring love with another person and building a life together centered on that love. To find that love again when you thought it was lost is priceless.
Sexual issues include infidelity, problematic online sexual behavior, low desire, sexual pain, erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory difficulties, gender identity or sexual orientation concerns, anxiety, depression, OCD, history of trauma.
I am a seasoned professional who loves to use my knowledge and skills to help people find more joy in their lives. For 25 years I helped adults and children with anxiety, anger, depression, ADHD, traumas and relationship conflicts. In 2020 I received advanced training in Sex Therapy from the OCRSH in Cleveland. My practice is now focussed on relationships and sexual health. There is nothing more beautiful in life than having an enduring love with another person and building a life together centered on that love. To find that love again when you thought it was lost is priceless.
(419) 889-7807 View (419) 889-7807

Online Therapists

Photo of Kacie M Pedon, LPCCS, Counselor
Kacie M Pedon
Counselor, LPCCS
Verified Verified
Hilliard, OH 43026  (Online Only)
I am trauma informed and mindful of the ways that trauma influences life experience and therapeutic practice.
My therapeutic approach is person centered, supportive, positive and challenging to the point of helping you develop self-compassion, self-love and overall confidence. We all struggle from time to time and deserve a non-judgmental support person. If you are wanting to improve any aspect of your life, or to cope with trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, I am here to assist you as you work toward your goals. If you do not want to utilize insurance to cover sessions cost, my self-pay rate is $120 per session for individuals. I am in compliance with the No Surprise Act and will provide you with a Good Faith Estimate.
I am trauma informed and mindful of the ways that trauma influences life experience and therapeutic practice.
My therapeutic approach is person centered, supportive, positive and challenging to the point of helping you develop self-compassion, self-love and overall confidence. We all struggle from time to time and deserve a non-judgmental support person. If you are wanting to improve any aspect of your life, or to cope with trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, I am here to assist you as you work toward your goals. If you do not want to utilize insurance to cover sessions cost, my self-pay rate is $120 per session for individuals. I am in compliance with the No Surprise Act and will provide you with a Good Faith Estimate.
(380) 207-1078 View (380) 207-1078
Photo of Wild Hope Therapy, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wild Hope Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Upper Arlington, OH 43221
Utilizing strengths-based, trauma-informed approaches, Wild Hope provides engaged and compassionate therapy that is personalized for each client.
At Wild Hope Therapy, we believe that therapy can be impactful and enriching while still feeling down-to-earth and accessible. We value collaboration, cultural humility, and seeing you as the expert of your own experience. Our style is warm and relaxed, but we will always be working diligently with you to develop the tools you need to meet your self-defined goals. We intend to create a space where you feel like you can be yourself, and trust us to hold you to whatever values and objectives we uncover.
Utilizing strengths-based, trauma-informed approaches, Wild Hope provides engaged and compassionate therapy that is personalized for each client.
At Wild Hope Therapy, we believe that therapy can be impactful and enriching while still feeling down-to-earth and accessible. We value collaboration, cultural humility, and seeing you as the expert of your own experience. Our style is warm and relaxed, but we will always be working diligently with you to develop the tools you need to meet your self-defined goals. We intend to create a space where you feel like you can be yourself, and trust us to hold you to whatever values and objectives we uncover.
(614) 992-7903 View (614) 992-7903
Photo of Jessica Starr, LPCC, SEP
Jessica Starr
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, SEP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43214
Together we will help you connect with your own inner wisdom to experience wellness NOW! Areas of passion and expertise include mindfulness and self-compassion meditation, spiritual awakening, trauma, somatic symptoms, women's issues, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, parenting, grief and loss.
Times of chaos, confusion, and challenge are opportunities for a shift in perspective and meaningful, long-lasting change. We don't often have a choice about challenging circumstances but we do get to choose how we respond and whether or not we grow stronger from the experience! Using a blend of traditional "talk therapy" and alternative therapies (such as mindfulness, somatic awareness, and creative expression) we collaborate for my clients' restoration of their natural wellness in mind, body, and spirit. I can help you become your best self!
Together we will help you connect with your own inner wisdom to experience wellness NOW! Areas of passion and expertise include mindfulness and self-compassion meditation, spiritual awakening, trauma, somatic symptoms, women's issues, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, parenting, grief and loss.
Times of chaos, confusion, and challenge are opportunities for a shift in perspective and meaningful, long-lasting change. We don't often have a choice about challenging circumstances but we do get to choose how we respond and whether or not we grow stronger from the experience! Using a blend of traditional "talk therapy" and alternative therapies (such as mindfulness, somatic awareness, and creative expression) we collaborate for my clients' restoration of their natural wellness in mind, body, and spirit. I can help you become your best self!
(614) 907-8151 View (614) 907-8151
Photo of Nicolette Ketzer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicolette Ketzer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Perrysburg, OH 43551  (Online Only)
Pain is inevitable. Suffering is optional." -Russ Harris. This quote embodies the heart of my practice. We can't avoid pain in our lives, but it doesn't have to control our lives or prevent us from enjoying a rich, meaningful values-driven life. My approach is trauma informed, client-centered, and I utilize Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, mindfulness, and an eclectic mix of skills and styles from Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, internal family systems, and narrative therapy . My style is warm, direct, and very collaborative, and I see the therapeutic relationship as a two-way street
Pain is inevitable. Suffering is optional." -Russ Harris. This quote embodies the heart of my practice. We can't avoid pain in our lives, but it doesn't have to control our lives or prevent us from enjoying a rich, meaningful values-driven life. My approach is trauma informed, client-centered, and I utilize Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, mindfulness, and an eclectic mix of skills and styles from Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, internal family systems, and narrative therapy . My style is warm, direct, and very collaborative, and I see the therapeutic relationship as a two-way street
(419) 910-3602 View (419) 910-3602
Photo of Martha Witkowski, MA, LPCC-S, BC-TMH, CLC, Counselor
Martha Witkowski
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, BC-TMH, CLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northfield, OH 44067
Some special interests include: C-PTSD/trauma related disorders, attachment issues, childhood trauma, and anxiety disorders.
Founder and owner of Root Counseling LLC: http://therootcounseling.com, specializing in online counseling services across the states of Ohio and Kentucky. Multiculturally aware, bilingual, independently licensed mental health therapist who understands that compassion and relationship building are at the core of the healing process. I am a trauma-informed, dialectical, and person-centered clinician who believes in both practical and deeply, emotionally based healing processes.
Some special interests include: C-PTSD/trauma related disorders, attachment issues, childhood trauma, and anxiety disorders.
Founder and owner of Root Counseling LLC: http://therootcounseling.com, specializing in online counseling services across the states of Ohio and Kentucky. Multiculturally aware, bilingual, independently licensed mental health therapist who understands that compassion and relationship building are at the core of the healing process. I am a trauma-informed, dialectical, and person-centered clinician who believes in both practical and deeply, emotionally based healing processes.
(440) 271-1148 View (440) 271-1148
Photo of Brielle Hudson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brielle Hudson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43214  (Online Only)
I specialize in trauma, family of origin conflict, relationship difficulties and life transitions.
Are you struggling with a transition in your life? Maybe you are navigating multiple life changes and are struggling to find your equilibrium and voice in the chaos of life? You may be left feeling overwhelmed, alone, invisible and powerless from the demands and pressure of simply existing. If this resonates with you, I would love to join you on your journey towards healing!
I specialize in trauma, family of origin conflict, relationship difficulties and life transitions.
Are you struggling with a transition in your life? Maybe you are navigating multiple life changes and are struggling to find your equilibrium and voice in the chaos of life? You may be left feeling overwhelmed, alone, invisible and powerless from the demands and pressure of simply existing. If this resonates with you, I would love to join you on your journey towards healing!
(614) 963-3192 View (614) 963-3192
Photo of Ryan Womack, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ryan Womack
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081  (Online Only)
I offer an effective, nonjudgmental approach to topics like substance use, relationships, trauma, race, anxiety, depression, self-esteem and sexuality.
Congrats for getting this far on your road to change! I understand it's not a simple choice to make, and I'm here to help you make sense of a senseless world. I got my bachelor's in Criminology from Ohio University and my graduate Social Work degree at Ohio State. My experience working in criminal justice and health systems gives me a progressive view on how our struggles relate to the world around us.
I offer an effective, nonjudgmental approach to topics like substance use, relationships, trauma, race, anxiety, depression, self-esteem and sexuality.
Congrats for getting this far on your road to change! I understand it's not a simple choice to make, and I'm here to help you make sense of a senseless world. I got my bachelor's in Criminology from Ohio University and my graduate Social Work degree at Ohio State. My experience working in criminal justice and health systems gives me a progressive view on how our struggles relate to the world around us.
(380) 225-5022 View (380) 225-5022
Photo of Fay L Hahn, MA, M Ed, LPCC, Counselor
Fay L Hahn
Counselor, MA, M Ed, LPCC
Verified Verified
Strongsville, OH 44136
I use various therapeutic approaches to decrease symptoms of trauma, anxiety, negative beliefs about self, and break hurtful patterns in relationships with others and self.
You are good enough, just as you are right now. Despite this truth, life can be difficult, painful, and just plain chaotic. Therapy can be a place of processing, healing, and discovering ourselves over again. It can be a place of forgiveness, acceptance, and learning that we are able to move forward with confidence in ourselves.
I use various therapeutic approaches to decrease symptoms of trauma, anxiety, negative beliefs about self, and break hurtful patterns in relationships with others and self.
You are good enough, just as you are right now. Despite this truth, life can be difficult, painful, and just plain chaotic. Therapy can be a place of processing, healing, and discovering ourselves over again. It can be a place of forgiveness, acceptance, and learning that we are able to move forward with confidence in ourselves.
(440) 291-2021 View (440) 291-2021
Photo of Kelsey Spacht, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelsey Spacht
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toledo, OH 43623
Many of the problems that we face can be overwhelming if faced alone. That is why I became a social worker. It is my goal as your therapist to be a warm, empathetic, nonjudgmental listener who is dedicated to helping you explore insight to yourself, assist you in identifying goals, solving problems, and working on growth in all areas of your life. Working as a team, it is my hope that you will find balance and equilibrium in your life. I have experience working with youth and adults who are struggling to manage stress, life transitions, depression, anxiety, trauma, loss, relationship problems and LGBTQA+ related issues.
Many of the problems that we face can be overwhelming if faced alone. That is why I became a social worker. It is my goal as your therapist to be a warm, empathetic, nonjudgmental listener who is dedicated to helping you explore insight to yourself, assist you in identifying goals, solving problems, and working on growth in all areas of your life. Working as a team, it is my hope that you will find balance and equilibrium in your life. I have experience working with youth and adults who are struggling to manage stress, life transitions, depression, anxiety, trauma, loss, relationship problems and LGBTQA+ related issues.
(567) 236-8155 View (567) 236-8155
Photo of Tracy Wheeler, MSW, LISW-S, LICDC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tracy Wheeler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
Westerville, OH 43081
I assist clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression and want to bring about change in their lives. I help clients who want to find a balance and stability within themselves to learn and reconnect to a more desired life.
I assist clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression and want to bring about change in their lives. I help clients who want to find a balance and stability within themselves to learn and reconnect to a more desired life.
(380) 600-8524 View (380) 600-8524
Photo of Annie Kondrot, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Annie Kondrot
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43215
Waitlist for new clients
I have been formally trained in therapeutic methods such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT, including trauma-focused CBT), as well as the Infant Mental Health therapeutic model, which focuses on enriching parent-child relationships and strengthening attachment.
I believe that positive relationships are the most powerful agent of healing. If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, body image, life transitions, or a history of trauma such as physical or sexual abuse or neglect, we will work together to strengthen your relationship with your therapist, the people around you, and ultimately yourself. I use a warm, person-centered approach to help you feel that I am your partner in reaching your goals.
I have been formally trained in therapeutic methods such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT, including trauma-focused CBT), as well as the Infant Mental Health therapeutic model, which focuses on enriching parent-child relationships and strengthening attachment.
I believe that positive relationships are the most powerful agent of healing. If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, body image, life transitions, or a history of trauma such as physical or sexual abuse or neglect, we will work together to strengthen your relationship with your therapist, the people around you, and ultimately yourself. I use a warm, person-centered approach to help you feel that I am your partner in reaching your goals.
(380) 600-9416 View (380) 600-9416
Photo of Caitlin Reilly, LPC, CYT 200, Counselor
Caitlin Reilly
Counselor, LPC, CYT 200
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44113
Are you getting hooked and pulled around by thoughts and feelings? Are you struggling to contact the present moment? Do you want to engage with life and relationships in a way that feels aligned with your values? In today's fast paced (to put it lightly) world, it can be difficult to slow down and listen in for what you really need. Whether you're navigating life transitions, examining the impact of depression and anxiety, or looking to alleviate the influence of post-traumatic stress, therapy is an opportunity to explore your story and it's impact on your life.
Are you getting hooked and pulled around by thoughts and feelings? Are you struggling to contact the present moment? Do you want to engage with life and relationships in a way that feels aligned with your values? In today's fast paced (to put it lightly) world, it can be difficult to slow down and listen in for what you really need. Whether you're navigating life transitions, examining the impact of depression and anxiety, or looking to alleviate the influence of post-traumatic stress, therapy is an opportunity to explore your story and it's impact on your life.
(440) 298-2400 View (440) 298-2400
Photo of Jennifer Dirr, MSW, LCSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Dirr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44114  (Online Only)
Hello, just by you being you and reading this information means you're considering therapy. I believe you are making a brave step in your healing journey...congratulations! Going through issues like trauma, depression, or life transitions can feel like navigating a storm alone, with no end in sight. The journey can be challenging and feel isolating. There are steps we can take together to change your life. Whether it's dealing with depression, anxiety, or the tumultuous shifts that come with life transitions, I'm here to walk this path beside you. All while creating an inclusive environment where you feel seen, heard, & supported.
Hello, just by you being you and reading this information means you're considering therapy. I believe you are making a brave step in your healing journey...congratulations! Going through issues like trauma, depression, or life transitions can feel like navigating a storm alone, with no end in sight. The journey can be challenging and feel isolating. There are steps we can take together to change your life. Whether it's dealing with depression, anxiety, or the tumultuous shifts that come with life transitions, I'm here to walk this path beside you. All while creating an inclusive environment where you feel seen, heard, & supported.
(216) 677-6330 View (216) 677-6330
Photo of Shaina Duffy - The Phoenix Counseling Center, MA, LPCC, Counselor
The Phoenix Counseling Center
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North Ridgeville, OH 44039
We believe that counseling is an opportunity to talk with someone you can connect with in a safe environment without fear of judgment. There are a variety of issues that people face on a daily basis. Sometimes those life issues can become too burdensome to deal with on your own. This is where we come in. We work with clients who are dealing with: Depression, Anxiety, Child issues, Mood Disorders, Marriage/Family, Pre-Marital Counseling, Self-Esteem, Trauma, Divorce, Grief, Job and School Stressors. I find it a privilege to be able to walk alongside those who are seeking out assistance in their journey.
We believe that counseling is an opportunity to talk with someone you can connect with in a safe environment without fear of judgment. There are a variety of issues that people face on a daily basis. Sometimes those life issues can become too burdensome to deal with on your own. This is where we come in. We work with clients who are dealing with: Depression, Anxiety, Child issues, Mood Disorders, Marriage/Family, Pre-Marital Counseling, Self-Esteem, Trauma, Divorce, Grief, Job and School Stressors. I find it a privilege to be able to walk alongside those who are seeking out assistance in their journey.
(440) 732-5252 View (440) 732-5252
Photo of Emily O'Bryan, LPCC-S, MACM
Emily O'Bryan
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, MACM
Verified Verified
Worthington, OH 43085
Waitlist for new clients
I have worked extensively with children and adolescent development, trauma and grief, pastoral care and spiritual abuse/recovery, women’s issues, gender transitioning, depression, anxiety, as well as major life transitions. I enjoy working with a diverse population and helping individuals find creative outlets that encourage confidence and empowerment within themselves.
I have worked extensively with children and adolescent development, trauma and grief, pastoral care and spiritual abuse/recovery, women’s issues, gender transitioning, depression, anxiety, as well as major life transitions. I enjoy working with a diverse population and helping individuals find creative outlets that encourage confidence and empowerment within themselves.
(614) 825-3976 View (614) 825-3976
Photo of Tracy Wheeler, MSW, LISW-S, LICDC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tracy Wheeler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43220
I assist clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression and want to bring about change in their lives. I help clients who want to find a balance and stability within themselves to learn and reconnect to a more desired life.
I assist clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression and want to bring about change in their lives. I help clients who want to find a balance and stability within themselves to learn and reconnect to a more desired life.
(380) 600-8722 View (380) 600-8722
Photo of Amy Wells, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Wells
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Millersport, OH 43046  (Online Only)
I am trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Exposure and Response Prevention, and Motivational Interviewing.
During our time together, I focus heavily on the values of the social work profession: service, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. Believing that each person is the expert in their own life, I can assist you in identifying and uncovering strengths that help in managing the challenges. Together we work toward your goals, whether it is dealing with emotions in a different way, improved relationships, or overall more optimal functioning, to reach a future less weighed down by the heaviness of life.
I am trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Exposure and Response Prevention, and Motivational Interviewing.
During our time together, I focus heavily on the values of the social work profession: service, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. Believing that each person is the expert in their own life, I can assist you in identifying and uncovering strengths that help in managing the challenges. Together we work toward your goals, whether it is dealing with emotions in a different way, improved relationships, or overall more optimal functioning, to reach a future less weighed down by the heaviness of life.
(740) 997-1911 View (740) 997-1911
Photo of Victoria Leggott, LPC, ATR-p, Counselor
Victoria Leggott
Counselor, LPC, ATR-p
Verified Verified
Medina, OH 44256
I have experience working with children ages 5 to 17, as well as adults to age 55, presenting with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, anger, adjustment issues, trauma, self-harm, ADHD, addiction recovery, and Autism spectrum related concerns.
Hi I’m Victoria! I graduated from Ursuline College with a Master of Arts degree in Counseling and Art Therapy. I’m an art therapist and a licensed professional counselor and am available for in-person as well as virtual sessions.
I have experience working with children ages 5 to 17, as well as adults to age 55, presenting with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, anger, adjustment issues, trauma, self-harm, ADHD, addiction recovery, and Autism spectrum related concerns.
Hi I’m Victoria! I graduated from Ursuline College with a Master of Arts degree in Counseling and Art Therapy. I’m an art therapist and a licensed professional counselor and am available for in-person as well as virtual sessions.
(330) 935-8953 View (330) 935-8953
Photo of Maryann McQuillian Omalloy, LPCC-S, LICDC-C, PREGamb
Maryann McQuillian Omalloy
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, LICDC-C, PREGamb
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44114
My specialization also includes anxiety management, depression, trauma and other mood disorders and addictions including gaming and gambling.
Knowledge brings awareness to parts of ourselves that need nurturance, acceptance, healing, and support. Although encouraged to mask or hide our true selves, my goal is to create a safe, affirming space where you can explore your self and needs with openness and support. I saw how using experience, strength, hope, and empathy could bring about significant and insightful changes in a person’s way of life. As someone who has lived their life in the gray area, often not fitting into socially created boxes, I’ve learned a lot about the importance of making space for all of my client’s identities, roles, and experiences in counseling.
My specialization also includes anxiety management, depression, trauma and other mood disorders and addictions including gaming and gambling.
Knowledge brings awareness to parts of ourselves that need nurturance, acceptance, healing, and support. Although encouraged to mask or hide our true selves, my goal is to create a safe, affirming space where you can explore your self and needs with openness and support. I saw how using experience, strength, hope, and empathy could bring about significant and insightful changes in a person’s way of life. As someone who has lived their life in the gray area, often not fitting into socially created boxes, I’ve learned a lot about the importance of making space for all of my client’s identities, roles, and experiences in counseling.
(513) 951-5232 View (513) 951-5232

See more therapy options for Upper Sandusky

Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.