Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists in University Heights, OH
![Photo of Jessica Becka - Revive Counseling & Wellness, M Ed, LPCC-S](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a35b6979-70af-4b3b-b6e8-1e0d757cdcd0/1/320x400.jpeg)
Revive Counseling & Wellness
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, M Ed, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
University Heights, OH 44118
Through our integrative approaches, our counselors are well equipped using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Family Systems, Solution- Focused, Collaborative and Health- Oriented Therapies.
Are you going through a transition in life, feel disconnected from meaning and purpose, or find it difficult to manage your emotions? At Revive Counseling and Wellness, it is our goal to create a safe and supportive environment while providing a collaborative and integrative approach to treatment. We help individuals, families, and couples develop deeper connections to themselves, and stronger more fulfilling relationships with others. It is our mission for our clients to feel empowered and realize that wellness is possible.
Through our integrative approaches, our counselors are well equipped using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Family Systems, Solution- Focused, Collaborative and Health- Oriented Therapies.
Are you going through a transition in life, feel disconnected from meaning and purpose, or find it difficult to manage your emotions? At Revive Counseling and Wellness, it is our goal to create a safe and supportive environment while providing a collaborative and integrative approach to treatment. We help individuals, families, and couples develop deeper connections to themselves, and stronger more fulfilling relationships with others. It is our mission for our clients to feel empowered and realize that wellness is possible.
![Photo of Sarah Garver Megenhardt, M Ed, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3785210a-7fef-4f5b-8861-cac8a65c1cc0/2/320x400.jpeg)
Sarah Garver Megenhardt
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
University Heights, OH 44118
I intertwine strength-based, cognitive, and mindfulness-based approaches as we work together.
I am passionate about providing a safe, supportive, and collaborative environment in which to heal. Together we will help you find peace, deepen and strengthen your relationships, and explore your inner world.
I intertwine strength-based, cognitive, and mindfulness-based approaches as we work together.
I am passionate about providing a safe, supportive, and collaborative environment in which to heal. Together we will help you find peace, deepen and strengthen your relationships, and explore your inner world.
![Photo of Camilla Welsch, MA, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/212f34a3-bd9f-4702-a2d3-9626acd2fdee/4/320x400.jpeg)
Camilla Welsch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
University Heights, OH 44118
I am positive and encouraging in my way of being and use a cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and existential lens to understand client concerns.
Hi, I’m Camilla! My therapeutic aim is to improve client lives. I work with all ages: children, adolescents, adults, and older adults with diverse presenting concerns and diagnoses. When I work with children, I also like to work with their families.
I am positive and encouraging in my way of being and use a cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and existential lens to understand client concerns.
Hi, I’m Camilla! My therapeutic aim is to improve client lives. I work with all ages: children, adolescents, adults, and older adults with diverse presenting concerns and diagnoses. When I work with children, I also like to work with their families.
![Photo of Yael Farkas (Vineburg), MA, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/42b44c94-d97e-468e-8427-82ef38b0096a/1/320x400.png)
Yael Farkas (Vineburg)
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
University Heights, OH 44118
I am a trauma therapist specializing primarily in DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy), EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Preprocessing), ACT, & CBT.
I believe anyone brave enough to seek out therapy is motivated to make a change in how they cope, experience, and take charge of all that life throws at them. As a mental health counselor, I am here to walk with and encourage you as you empower yourself to continue to live a life of meaning and purpose. I will help you identify and work with your strengths, values, and goals, no matter what baggage and background seems to weigh you down.
I am a trauma therapist specializing primarily in DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy), EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Preprocessing), ACT, & CBT.
I believe anyone brave enough to seek out therapy is motivated to make a change in how they cope, experience, and take charge of all that life throws at them. As a mental health counselor, I am here to walk with and encourage you as you empower yourself to continue to live a life of meaning and purpose. I will help you identify and work with your strengths, values, and goals, no matter what baggage and background seems to weigh you down.
![Photo of Emily Griffiths - Emily at Revive Counseling and Wellness, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f92a353b-86b9-4eeb-a6fe-a99c87da7424/2/320x400.png)
Emily at Revive Counseling and Wellness
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
University Heights, OH 44118
I often work from a CBT and solutions-focused perspective, while also incorporating DBT skills.
Hi! My name is Emily. My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your feelings and work towards lasting change. Everyone has a unique set of strengths and I like to help clients identify skills to empower utilizing them in daily life.
I often work from a CBT and solutions-focused perspective, while also incorporating DBT skills.
Hi! My name is Emily. My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your feelings and work towards lasting change. Everyone has a unique set of strengths and I like to help clients identify skills to empower utilizing them in daily life.
![Photo of Vanessa M Dvorin-Fremont - Vanessa Dvorin-Fremont / IISEE, LLC, MA, MSSA, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/716a6f06-d545-463d-8baf-e8ac7a9d27fe/1/320x400.jpeg)
Vanessa Dvorin-Fremont / IISEE, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
University Heights, OH 44118
Master’s level, LISW - Supervisor, a graduate of Case Western Reserve University’s Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences in addition to a Masters and Bachelors Degree in Psychology from Cleveland State University. Mrs. Fremont’s experience has led to clinical specialties which include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Systems Approach which are known to be best practices in treating anxiety disorders, depression, stress management, adjustment disorders, personality disorders and relationship and marital problems. Mrs. Fremont is also a Certified Grief Counseling Specialist.
Master’s level, LISW - Supervisor, a graduate of Case Western Reserve University’s Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences in addition to a Masters and Bachelors Degree in Psychology from Cleveland State University. Mrs. Fremont’s experience has led to clinical specialties which include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Systems Approach which are known to be best practices in treating anxiety disorders, depression, stress management, adjustment disorders, personality disorders and relationship and marital problems. Mrs. Fremont is also a Certified Grief Counseling Specialist.
![Photo of Lana Marie Khaddam - Lana at Revive Counseling and Wellness, Lpc , Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5216739d-a263-4230-b2bb-4c0ffe0ff34e/1/320x400.png)
Lana at Revive Counseling and Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, Lpc
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
University Heights, OH 44118 (Online Only)
Now scheduling Adult ADHD evaluations! Hello, I'm Lana! I am passionate about working one on one with clients in a comforting, accepting, and collaborative environment. I'm determined to help my clients gain the ability to heal and grow.
Now scheduling Adult ADHD evaluations! Hello, I'm Lana! I am passionate about working one on one with clients in a comforting, accepting, and collaborative environment. I'm determined to help my clients gain the ability to heal and grow.
![Photo of Genesis Taylor, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8f0bced5-661d-4f25-81a5-28b2a51e53e0/1/320x400.jpeg)
Genesis Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
University Heights, OH 44118
My ideal client recognizes the value of professional support in their journey toward emotional and psychological well-being. They are open-minded, willing to engage in honest self-reflection, and motivated to work on their issues, whether they involve anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, or personal growth. They communicate openly with me by providing insights and feedback that help tailor the therapeutic process to their unique needs.
My ideal client recognizes the value of professional support in their journey toward emotional and psychological well-being. They are open-minded, willing to engage in honest self-reflection, and motivated to work on their issues, whether they involve anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, or personal growth. They communicate openly with me by providing insights and feedback that help tailor the therapeutic process to their unique needs.
![Photo of Scott A. Soeder, EdS, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8c9fe4a5-d5ab-40d3-8734-ba7b8877680d/1/320x400.jpeg)
Scott A. Soeder
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, EdS, LPCC
Verified Verified
University Heights, OH 44118
If you are struggling with feeling anxious or depressed or are experiencing life transitions that are leaving you unsettled, my philosophy of counseling is to collaboratively work with you, in a supportive and affirming environment, to achieve your best self as guided by your goals and hopes for your life. I strive to make you feel supported, heard and welcomed in every session as we work toward making meaningful changes.
If you are struggling with feeling anxious or depressed or are experiencing life transitions that are leaving you unsettled, my philosophy of counseling is to collaboratively work with you, in a supportive and affirming environment, to achieve your best self as guided by your goals and hopes for your life. I strive to make you feel supported, heard and welcomed in every session as we work toward making meaningful changes.
![Photo of Marianne Lindau Daugherty - Happy Valley Counseling, LLC/Marianne Daugherty, MSSA, LCSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ee2c366d-459a-4166-bbf6-a92cd363fe20/2/320x400.jpeg)
Happy Valley Counseling, LLC/Marianne Daugherty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LCSW, LISW
Verified Verified
University Heights, OH 44118
Find work/life balance, without the guilt! If you're a professional woman, grappling with that constant pressure to excel while secretly fearing you might fail or let someone down, you're not alone. You've probably tried therapy before with limited results. You're a high-achieving, motivated woman with a story, dreams, and a unique set of challenges. Together, we will uncover the roots of what's been driving the need to be perfect and I will teach you fast and effective methods to relieve unhealthy stress and free your mind and body from persistent tension so you can enjoy your life, relationships and career like never before.
Find work/life balance, without the guilt! If you're a professional woman, grappling with that constant pressure to excel while secretly fearing you might fail or let someone down, you're not alone. You've probably tried therapy before with limited results. You're a high-achieving, motivated woman with a story, dreams, and a unique set of challenges. Together, we will uncover the roots of what's been driving the need to be perfect and I will teach you fast and effective methods to relieve unhealthy stress and free your mind and body from persistent tension so you can enjoy your life, relationships and career like never before.
![Photo of Jordan Halsey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c9fdad17-a0b3-47ee-9102-3c1e6e3d0ae8/1/320x400.png)
Jordan Halsey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
University Heights, OH 44118 (Online Only)
I am a therapist licensed in Ohio with over 3 years of experience working in community mental health settings and supporting individuals with various levels of needs I have worked with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, career challenges, OCD, and family relationship issues. I have also helped many people who have experienced physical and emotional trauma.
I am a therapist licensed in Ohio with over 3 years of experience working in community mental health settings and supporting individuals with various levels of needs I have worked with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, career challenges, OCD, and family relationship issues. I have also helped many people who have experienced physical and emotional trauma.
![Photo of Lauren Kratman, MEd, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5fcdf906-ca77-4747-92c2-419118f7c45f/1/320x400.jpeg)
Lauren Kratman
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor , MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
University Heights, OH 44118 (Online Only)
Now Accepting New Clients - The counseling experience is all about self exploration, growing and gaining new perspectives and ways of thinking. I believe we all have the power within us to make positive changes; we just need a safe place to be vulnerable enough to discover our power. Counseling with me is a safe place for you. If you are ready to experience an improved quality of life, more successful relationships, or if you just need support dealing with life's challenges, I would be honored to go on this journey with you.
Now Accepting New Clients - The counseling experience is all about self exploration, growing and gaining new perspectives and ways of thinking. I believe we all have the power within us to make positive changes; we just need a safe place to be vulnerable enough to discover our power. Counseling with me is a safe place for you. If you are ready to experience an improved quality of life, more successful relationships, or if you just need support dealing with life's challenges, I would be honored to go on this journey with you.
![Photo of Xavier Spencer, MSMFT, IMFT-S, CST, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3ce9d750-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/1/320x400.jpeg)
Xavier Spencer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSMFT, IMFT-S, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
University Heights, OH 44118
Many people struggle to address sexual functioning difficulties. If you are a person that values sexual response and pleasure, and have been experiencing sexual discomfort. Here's how I can help. As a research informed clinical expert in couples and family relationships and AASECT certified sex therapist. My clinical interest is providing sex therapy with individuals and couples to treat male and female sexual matters, sexual dysfunctions, sexual disorders, sexual orientation, sexual expression and gender identity issues. I'm committed to serving the spectrum of variations in human sexuality across the lifespan.
Many people struggle to address sexual functioning difficulties. If you are a person that values sexual response and pleasure, and have been experiencing sexual discomfort. Here's how I can help. As a research informed clinical expert in couples and family relationships and AASECT certified sex therapist. My clinical interest is providing sex therapy with individuals and couples to treat male and female sexual matters, sexual dysfunctions, sexual disorders, sexual orientation, sexual expression and gender identity issues. I'm committed to serving the spectrum of variations in human sexuality across the lifespan.
![Photo of Lydia Kraszewski - Lydia at Revive Counseling and Wellness, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d73c1bab-c49a-4f20-a463-5cd559818ebf/2/320x400.png)
Lydia at Revive Counseling and Wellness
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
University Heights, OH 44118
Hi, I'm Lydia! I am committed to helping and assisting those affected by trauma/PTSD, mood disorders, anxiety, substance abuse, and struggles within interpersonal relationships.
Hi, I'm Lydia! I am committed to helping and assisting those affected by trauma/PTSD, mood disorders, anxiety, substance abuse, and struggles within interpersonal relationships.
![Photo of Olivia Armand, MSSA, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/302d4b63-ee30-41a2-ba28-bdbe74706fce/2/320x400.jpeg)
Olivia Armand
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
University Heights, OH 44118
I want to empower you to be the absolute best version of yourself. My work is holistic and client focused, meaning you are in charge and I am here to support you in finding ultimate mental and emotional wellness by connecting the mind with body. I use a variety of approaches that allow for you to strengthen your inner self throughout the entire therapeutic experience. These approaches are eclectic, as I get to know you and the problem area(s) I will incorporate modalities and interventions that are most suited to treating the unique individual that you are.
I want to empower you to be the absolute best version of yourself. My work is holistic and client focused, meaning you are in charge and I am here to support you in finding ultimate mental and emotional wellness by connecting the mind with body. I use a variety of approaches that allow for you to strengthen your inner self throughout the entire therapeutic experience. These approaches are eclectic, as I get to know you and the problem area(s) I will incorporate modalities and interventions that are most suited to treating the unique individual that you are.
![Photo of Anita Minkin, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1b82daac-7269-4bbb-8011-6000d889453f/2/320x400.jpeg)
Anita Minkin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
University Heights, OH 44118
Someone you love has died, and your world feels like it is falling apart. Nothing is the same anymore. One day follows the next, leaving you behind. You lay in bed at night, missing your loved one with a pain that is unbearable. If only you had one more day to spend with them-to say good-bye, to say all the things you wish you had said, but didn't. Regrets and memories flood your mind, keeping you from sleep. Your heart is breaking and you feel so alone. If only things could return to the way they were. But you know they have changed forever, and you wonder how you'll be able to go on.
Someone you love has died, and your world feels like it is falling apart. Nothing is the same anymore. One day follows the next, leaving you behind. You lay in bed at night, missing your loved one with a pain that is unbearable. If only you had one more day to spend with them-to say good-bye, to say all the things you wish you had said, but didn't. Regrets and memories flood your mind, keeping you from sleep. Your heart is breaking and you feel so alone. If only things could return to the way they were. But you know they have changed forever, and you wonder how you'll be able to go on.
![Photo of Yvette Goldurs, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5063989d-5cf3-4884-8eab-0254a52467c9/2/320x400.jpeg)
Yvette Goldurs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
University Heights, OH 44118
Not accepting new clients
Change can be painful yet powerful when you are able to learn more about yourself and grow personally. I have 28 years experience in helping people to heal from grief & loss. I am a trained EMDR therapist, and have experience in many different areas: mood disorders, post-partum depression, anxiety and panic disorders, trauma, stress and anger management, childhood trauma, and adoption issues, as well as helping people cope with medical issues. Additionally, I am trained in IADC--this helps address the deep sadness of loss, with the possibility of experiencing a deeper connection and/or experience with the deceased.
Change can be painful yet powerful when you are able to learn more about yourself and grow personally. I have 28 years experience in helping people to heal from grief & loss. I am a trained EMDR therapist, and have experience in many different areas: mood disorders, post-partum depression, anxiety and panic disorders, trauma, stress and anger management, childhood trauma, and adoption issues, as well as helping people cope with medical issues. Additionally, I am trained in IADC--this helps address the deep sadness of loss, with the possibility of experiencing a deeper connection and/or experience with the deceased.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Christina Woodard, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/508501b9-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/1/320x400.jpeg)
Christina Woodard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Shaker Heights, OH 44118 (Online Only)
I use a holistic approach when working with clients by using humanistic, person centered, and cognitive behavior therapy.
My ideal client knows what they want and is ready and determined to get it. The client works hard and wants to better their self mentally, spiritually, and emotionally. The client wants to make a change, and is tired of doing life dealing with the same struggles. They want better for their family and self by willingly doing the work to become whole and healthy. I love working collaboratively with individuals to help find solutions that will increase their life fulfillment. I provide a safe, judgement free zone that allows clients to be themselves and feel free to express their innermost feelings.
I use a holistic approach when working with clients by using humanistic, person centered, and cognitive behavior therapy.
My ideal client knows what they want and is ready and determined to get it. The client works hard and wants to better their self mentally, spiritually, and emotionally. The client wants to make a change, and is tired of doing life dealing with the same struggles. They want better for their family and self by willingly doing the work to become whole and healthy. I love working collaboratively with individuals to help find solutions that will increase their life fulfillment. I provide a safe, judgement free zone that allows clients to be themselves and feel free to express their innermost feelings.
![Photo of Dean Malec, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bb428be9-c11d-419d-9a42-c5dff0e4e195/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am intensively trained in Dialectical Behavior and Cognitive Behavior therapies.
Hello! I am a licensed psychologist with Center for Evidence Based Treatment Ohio. I work with adults and adolescents with a variety of presenting concerns, including eating disorders, anxiety and mood disorders, and difficulties with emotion regulation, including borderline personality disorder, suicidal urges and self-harm. Having done much of my training at university counseling centers, I also enjoy working with young adults on stress management and navigating healthy development. I provide in-person and remote services and am able to work with clients in any PSYPACT-participating state (psypact.org/mpage/psypactmap).
I am intensively trained in Dialectical Behavior and Cognitive Behavior therapies.
Hello! I am a licensed psychologist with Center for Evidence Based Treatment Ohio. I work with adults and adolescents with a variety of presenting concerns, including eating disorders, anxiety and mood disorders, and difficulties with emotion regulation, including borderline personality disorder, suicidal urges and self-harm. Having done much of my training at university counseling centers, I also enjoy working with young adults on stress management and navigating healthy development. I provide in-person and remote services and am able to work with clients in any PSYPACT-participating state (psypact.org/mpage/psypactmap).
![Photo of Karen Kearney, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f1eb0e04-77d7-4d05-9035-0f014fbe6764/1/320x400.jpeg)
This may include components of CBT, mindfulness, and other therapeutic interventions as appropriate.
Hello! I’m so glad you’ve found your way here today. It is a brave and vulnerable step to consider therapy, and I believe it is one of the greatest gifts we can give ourselves. I specialize in working with women experiencing perinatal and parenting issues: infertility and pregnancy loss, depression and anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum, birth trauma, and overall adjustment to parenthood. The journey to becoming a parent is complex, and you deserve to be seen, heard, and celebrated along the way. Additionally, I enjoy supporting individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, and relationships.
This may include components of CBT, mindfulness, and other therapeutic interventions as appropriate.
Hello! I’m so glad you’ve found your way here today. It is a brave and vulnerable step to consider therapy, and I believe it is one of the greatest gifts we can give ourselves. I specialize in working with women experiencing perinatal and parenting issues: infertility and pregnancy loss, depression and anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum, birth trauma, and overall adjustment to parenthood. The journey to becoming a parent is complex, and you deserve to be seen, heard, and celebrated along the way. Additionally, I enjoy supporting individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, and relationships.
See more therapy options for University Heights
Nearby Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists Searches for University Heights
- Beachwood
- Cleveland Heights
- East Cleveland
- Garfield Heights
- Lyndhurst
- Mayfield
- Mayfield Heights
- Pepper Pike
- Shaker Heights
- South Euclid
- Warrensville Heights
- Woodmere
Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists
How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?
Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.
When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?
It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.
How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?
To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.
Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?
CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.