Therapists in North River, Toledo, OH
![Photo of Froogh Khatibloo, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/02b0f4dd-56c3-4ae0-ab6e-43b5134c170b/1/320x400.png)
Froogh Khatibloo
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43611 (Online Only)
Are you navigating life transitions, struggling with addiction, or dealing with depression and anxiety? Do you seek a safe, supportive environment to explore your identity and overcome challenges? Whether you're an individual or a couple, you want a compassionate, experienced therapist to help you achieve your goals and improve your well-being.
Are you navigating life transitions, struggling with addiction, or dealing with depression and anxiety? Do you seek a safe, supportive environment to explore your identity and overcome challenges? Whether you're an individual or a couple, you want a compassionate, experienced therapist to help you achieve your goals and improve your well-being.
![Photo of Taylor Shear, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/102d2628-e720-4326-b229-aef4baae3d3c/1/320x400.png)
Taylor Shear
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43611 (Online Only)
Are you struggling with trauma or abuse and seeking a respectful, compassionate therapist to guide you towards a more fulfilling life? You want someone who understands your unique needs and provides a tailored treatment plan. Your goal is to find support and sensitivity in a safe, therapeutic environment.
Are you struggling with trauma or abuse and seeking a respectful, compassionate therapist to guide you towards a more fulfilling life? You want someone who understands your unique needs and provides a tailored treatment plan. Your goal is to find support and sensitivity in a safe, therapeutic environment.
![Photo of April Smith, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c2b4a510-1a70-47db-9856-e07c6233c397/1/320x400.jpeg)
April Smith
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43611 (Online Only)
We are all doing the best we can to navigate life’s challenges. We don’t have to take on these burdens by ourselves. I am glad you are considering therapy as a supportive place to work toward your goals. You are not alone! Therapy is a wonderful opportunity to utilize the strengths you have to work through difficulties and live the life you want. I would be honored to help you work through any obstacles you are facing. Our therapy sessions are a safe space to process stress - whether that stress be from complicated relationships, work, life transitions, trauma, or linked with unhelpful behaviors such as addiction.
We are all doing the best we can to navigate life’s challenges. We don’t have to take on these burdens by ourselves. I am glad you are considering therapy as a supportive place to work toward your goals. You are not alone! Therapy is a wonderful opportunity to utilize the strengths you have to work through difficulties and live the life you want. I would be honored to help you work through any obstacles you are facing. Our therapy sessions are a safe space to process stress - whether that stress be from complicated relationships, work, life transitions, trauma, or linked with unhelpful behaviors such as addiction.
![Photo of Clark Ausloos, PhD, LPC, LPSC, NCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/afafac21-9b3d-4a95-8353-2265625730dd/2/320x400.jpeg)
Clark Ausloos
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPC, LPSC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North River, Toledo, OH 43604
Not accepting new clients
I diagnose and treat clients with a person-centered, individualized approach, focusing on strengths and wellness to promote resiliency and growth. I utilize a holistic framework, examining a myriad of factors in a clients life to implement change. If you feel like you are ready to change, but anxious about seeking psychotherapy, contact me - I provide a comfortable, warm, supportive and non-judgmental atmosphere. Unfortunately, as of February 1st, 2021, I am unable to accept new patients.
I diagnose and treat clients with a person-centered, individualized approach, focusing on strengths and wellness to promote resiliency and growth. I utilize a holistic framework, examining a myriad of factors in a clients life to implement change. If you feel like you are ready to change, but anxious about seeking psychotherapy, contact me - I provide a comfortable, warm, supportive and non-judgmental atmosphere. Unfortunately, as of February 1st, 2021, I am unable to accept new patients.
![Photo of Theresa Marie Cukierski - Theresa M Cukierski, LLC, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bfaa3391-0b75-466d-91f0-bd9f4b00fd68/2/320x400.jpeg)
Theresa M Cukierski, LLC
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43604
Not accepting new clients
Greetings! If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship/family difficulties, grief, trauma, transitional hardships (expected or unexpected), low self-esteem or insecurities, I would be honored to help. Please visit www.theresamcukierski.com for more information.
Greetings! If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship/family difficulties, grief, trauma, transitional hardships (expected or unexpected), low self-esteem or insecurities, I would be honored to help. Please visit www.theresamcukierski.com for more information.
![Photo of Glen Alan Carpenter, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3ccffedc-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Glen Alan Carpenter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43604
Not accepting new clients
Everybody deserves to be happy but sometimes life's trials and tribulations make that difficult. That's where I come in as your therapist. I will work with you to develop the skills necessary to overcome life problems. I became a Therapist because I have a passion to help others, and a knack for problem solving.
Everybody deserves to be happy but sometimes life's trials and tribulations make that difficult. That's where I come in as your therapist. I will work with you to develop the skills necessary to overcome life problems. I became a Therapist because I have a passion to help others, and a knack for problem solving.
![Photo of Tracie Giffin, MA, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/99813c10-e992-42e1-85c9-49e7248edd1c/2/320x400.jpeg)
My specialty is working with women who are stuck in a marriage or relationship that is a major source of stress & irritation. I want to help you feel better, sleep better, and worry less. You might be wondering how much longer you can go on like this, what else can be done to get back to the relationship you once loved or, let's be honest, you've even considered leaving the relationship. I would love to help you figure it out! We'll laugh, cry, and probably cuss a little bit while when we work together, but you won't feel stuck anymore!
My specialty is working with women who are stuck in a marriage or relationship that is a major source of stress & irritation. I want to help you feel better, sleep better, and worry less. You might be wondering how much longer you can go on like this, what else can be done to get back to the relationship you once loved or, let's be honest, you've even considered leaving the relationship. I would love to help you figure it out! We'll laugh, cry, and probably cuss a little bit while when we work together, but you won't feel stuck anymore!
![Photo of Latoya Barlow, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/17cb15d8-134b-4d98-8273-ce46b29ed92f/2/320x400.jpeg)
Latoya Barlow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43604
Currently accepting new clients! Therapy is not an easy process, and I know that reaching out for help is hard. Look at you - You have already taken the first step! If you struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem issues, or significant life changes- I'd love for you to reach out. My ultimate goal is to make therapy more approachable so that I can help you live the life you want to (and if you don't know what that is-I'll help with that too!). My office is a judgement-free zone. I can help you identify the tools towards your healing journey and encourage you to find your soul and become the best version of yourself.
Currently accepting new clients! Therapy is not an easy process, and I know that reaching out for help is hard. Look at you - You have already taken the first step! If you struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem issues, or significant life changes- I'd love for you to reach out. My ultimate goal is to make therapy more approachable so that I can help you live the life you want to (and if you don't know what that is-I'll help with that too!). My office is a judgement-free zone. I can help you identify the tools towards your healing journey and encourage you to find your soul and become the best version of yourself.
![Photo of Stephanie Gainer, MSW, LISW-S, CCM, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/13e00142-65b1-4839-b034-fcc0b6ac4dd7/1/320x400.jpeg)
Stephanie Gainer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, CCM
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43604 (Online Only)
Congratulations on taking the first on your healing journey! I am passionate about empowering individuals. I aim to join you in successfully reaching your goals of resolving conflicts, lessening distress and emotional pain, solving problems, and enhancing your overall well-being. I work hard to create a safe, calm place where my clients feel heard. My counseling style is pretty laid back. I have been described as supportive, caring, and compassionate, with a pretty good sense of humor. I like to focus on identifying your strengths and helping you to maximize them to overcome your obstacles.
Congratulations on taking the first on your healing journey! I am passionate about empowering individuals. I aim to join you in successfully reaching your goals of resolving conflicts, lessening distress and emotional pain, solving problems, and enhancing your overall well-being. I work hard to create a safe, calm place where my clients feel heard. My counseling style is pretty laid back. I have been described as supportive, caring, and compassionate, with a pretty good sense of humor. I like to focus on identifying your strengths and helping you to maximize them to overcome your obstacles.
![Photo of Jamie Sheehan, LSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/07a12b68-c09a-4c86-97c0-5f3c8242dbcd/1/320x400.png)
Jamie Sheehan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North River, Toledo, OH 43604
Accepting new clients! Email me to schedule. I may be a good fit as a therapist if you struggle with anxiety, self-esteem issues, relationship conflict, work stress, or grief. I am passionate about helping those who are identifying challenges of disordered eating, body dysmorphia, a major life transition that took a significant toll, end of life care, substance use recovery, family counseling, couples counseling, and overall seeking therapy to gain tools they need to help them in their day-to-day life. We will only work on what you are comfortable discussing in session, and we work at your pace. I am an LGBTQ+ affirming therapist.
Accepting new clients! Email me to schedule. I may be a good fit as a therapist if you struggle with anxiety, self-esteem issues, relationship conflict, work stress, or grief. I am passionate about helping those who are identifying challenges of disordered eating, body dysmorphia, a major life transition that took a significant toll, end of life care, substance use recovery, family counseling, couples counseling, and overall seeking therapy to gain tools they need to help them in their day-to-day life. We will only work on what you are comfortable discussing in session, and we work at your pace. I am an LGBTQ+ affirming therapist.
![Photo of Dayna Pitzer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/82bcfab3-b105-4648-a769-d8258930dd02/2/320x400.jpeg)
Dayna Pitzer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43604 (Online Only)
Are you looking for a compassionate therapist with a solace approach who can work with you through your life's turbulence? Starting with 2022, I shifted my private practice fully online. My therapeutic technique is guided by my life experiences and professional background, making it possible to strengthen your mental resilience and find inner peace, regardless of the challenges you face. My approach works best for adults and college students dealing with mental or relationship issues.
Are you looking for a compassionate therapist with a solace approach who can work with you through your life's turbulence? Starting with 2022, I shifted my private practice fully online. My therapeutic technique is guided by my life experiences and professional background, making it possible to strengthen your mental resilience and find inner peace, regardless of the challenges you face. My approach works best for adults and college students dealing with mental or relationship issues.
![Photo of Thomas Chronister, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7e5c4238-093a-45d5-838a-1257c0580e5b/1/320x400.jpeg)
Thomas Chronister
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43604 (Online Only)
Are you struggling with mental health or substance abuse issues, or are you a military veteran dealing with PTSD? With over 24 years in the mental health field, I have developed a compassionate and personalized approach to mental health and substance abuse counseling. I offer our patients a variety of evidence-based treatments designed to help them overcome their unique challenges and gain newfound strength and resilience.
Are you struggling with mental health or substance abuse issues, or are you a military veteran dealing with PTSD? With over 24 years in the mental health field, I have developed a compassionate and personalized approach to mental health and substance abuse counseling. I offer our patients a variety of evidence-based treatments designed to help them overcome their unique challenges and gain newfound strength and resilience.
![Photo of Catherine Boellner, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/336ebb39-d33d-4534-a8c1-c51c70ec79a4/2/320x400.jpeg)
Catherine Boellner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
North River, Toledo, OH 43604
Hello, I am Cat Boellner. I have been working as a Licensed Social Worker for over 8 years with a focus on adults, teens, young adults, couples, and family therapy. I have worked with children, adults, and families to address many challenges including depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, behavioral/ parent-child relational challenges, mild substance use, and grief. I am experienced in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma Informed Care, Solutions Focused interventions, Motivational Interviewing, as well as Functional Family Therapy (FFT), and other evidenced based practices. I look forward to helping you brighten your future!
Hello, I am Cat Boellner. I have been working as a Licensed Social Worker for over 8 years with a focus on adults, teens, young adults, couples, and family therapy. I have worked with children, adults, and families to address many challenges including depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, behavioral/ parent-child relational challenges, mild substance use, and grief. I am experienced in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma Informed Care, Solutions Focused interventions, Motivational Interviewing, as well as Functional Family Therapy (FFT), and other evidenced based practices. I look forward to helping you brighten your future!
![Photo of Jade Branch, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/308c6b69-efe2-4bee-ab71-0238c7d079dc/2/320x400.jpeg)
Jade Branch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North River, Toledo, OH 43604
Accepting new clients! Email me to schedule. Do you often struggle with self-esteem and understanding your own self-identity? Do you put yourself on the backburner, while assisting everyone else with their struggles? Do you find yourself saying "I'm fine", even when you're not? If you feel like you don't know yourself, have experienced trauma in the past, struggle to manage your emotions and maintain healthy and stable relationships, or you struggle with anxiety or depression, I would love to help! My clients have said that I have a gentle and understanding approach.
Accepting new clients! Email me to schedule. Do you often struggle with self-esteem and understanding your own self-identity? Do you put yourself on the backburner, while assisting everyone else with their struggles? Do you find yourself saying "I'm fine", even when you're not? If you feel like you don't know yourself, have experienced trauma in the past, struggle to manage your emotions and maintain healthy and stable relationships, or you struggle with anxiety or depression, I would love to help! My clients have said that I have a gentle and understanding approach.
![Photo of Jamye Cruse, PhD, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/68bada41-e939-4545-ad81-f07cb14f408d/1/320x400.png)
Jamye Cruse
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
North River, Toledo, OH 43604 (Online Only)
I'm Jayme! My expertise lies in treating a range of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and more. My priority is to create a therapeutic environment where you feel at ease and supported. Throughout our sessions, I'll ensure that you feel genuinely safe and comfortable as we work through any challenges you may be facing.
I'm Jayme! My expertise lies in treating a range of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and more. My priority is to create a therapeutic environment where you feel at ease and supported. Throughout our sessions, I'll ensure that you feel genuinely safe and comfortable as we work through any challenges you may be facing.
![Photo of Cassandra Reineck, LISW-S, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0b56ad06-80c1-42a7-99c9-467dbaf4a955/2/320x400.jpeg)
Cassandra Reineck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North River, Toledo, OH 43604
My ideal client is scared to reach out right now, is scared of being judged, and is nervous that they will get stuck with a therapist who just keeps asking "and how does that make you feel?". I aim to make therapy more approachable so that I can help you live the life you want to (and if you don't know what that is-I'll help with that too!). My goal is to lower your anxiety, process your trauma, and help you become more confident. I want to help you build and sustain healthy relationships and set boundaries in your life. In session, I will help you understand yourself and your past and move forward.
My ideal client is scared to reach out right now, is scared of being judged, and is nervous that they will get stuck with a therapist who just keeps asking "and how does that make you feel?". I aim to make therapy more approachable so that I can help you live the life you want to (and if you don't know what that is-I'll help with that too!). My goal is to lower your anxiety, process your trauma, and help you become more confident. I want to help you build and sustain healthy relationships and set boundaries in your life. In session, I will help you understand yourself and your past and move forward.
Christine Toporcer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43604 (Online Only)
![Photo of Brandy Finfrock, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5a486108-0a76-4aec-a1bf-53bee77f6a98/1/320x400.jpeg)
Brandy Finfrock
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor , LPCC
Verified Verified
North River, Toledo, OH 43604
Online Therapists
![Photo of Michael Crowdes, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7b235ad4-ea03-4642-b8d9-ede6596b8f56/2/320x400.jpeg)
I specialize in working with individuals experiencing grief and anxiety. Grief can be a complex and challenging process, and I provide a supportive and nurturing space for clients to explore their emotions, find meaning in their loss, and gradually heal. Anxiety is another area of expertise, and I assist individuals in understanding the underlying causes of their anxiety and developing practical tools to manage and reduce its impact on their daily lives. I provide a nonjudgmental and safe environment where clients can explore their fears, develop self-compassion, and cultivate resilience.
I specialize in working with individuals experiencing grief and anxiety. Grief can be a complex and challenging process, and I provide a supportive and nurturing space for clients to explore their emotions, find meaning in their loss, and gradually heal. Anxiety is another area of expertise, and I assist individuals in understanding the underlying causes of their anxiety and developing practical tools to manage and reduce its impact on their daily lives. I provide a nonjudgmental and safe environment where clients can explore their fears, develop self-compassion, and cultivate resilience.
![Photo of Wilma LaFayette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/441caef3-1949-493d-9557-3e46dbbb9397/1/320x400.jpeg)
Trust is everything within the therapeutic relationship; it is essential if healing is to occur. Unconditional positive regard, non-judgmentalism and respect for the person is essential as well. As a therapist, it is imperative that my clients feel emotionally, socially, and psychologically safe so they may be able to express their most painful hurts and sorrows to me. I am their confidant, advocate and teacher and based upon my knowledge and experience of the human condition, I listen and observe then together decide on a plan of care. Right now, we are living in troubling times, and hope may seem out of reach. Depression, anxiety,
Trust is everything within the therapeutic relationship; it is essential if healing is to occur. Unconditional positive regard, non-judgmentalism and respect for the person is essential as well. As a therapist, it is imperative that my clients feel emotionally, socially, and psychologically safe so they may be able to express their most painful hurts and sorrows to me. I am their confidant, advocate and teacher and based upon my knowledge and experience of the human condition, I listen and observe then together decide on a plan of care. Right now, we are living in troubling times, and hope may seem out of reach. Depression, anxiety,
See more therapy options for North River, Toledo
Nearby Searches for North River, Toledo
- City Center
- Deveaux
- Five Points
- La Grange
- Old West End
- Onyx
- Ottawa
- Point Place
- Scott Park
- South Side
- West Gate
- Whitmer-Trilby
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in North River, Toledo, OH
10+
Average cost per session
$125
Therapists in North River, Toledo, OH who prioritize treating:
94% | Depression |
94% | Anxiety |
83% | Stress |
78% | Trauma and PTSD |
61% | Family Conflict |
61% | Life Transitions |
56% | Relationship Issues |
Average years in practice
11 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
78% | Aetna |
78% | Elevance |
67% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
How Therapists in North River, Toledo, OH see their clients
50% | In Person and Online | |
50% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
82% | Female | |
18% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in North River, Toledo?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.