Therapists in Oakwood, OH

Photo of Jithin Vijayan, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Jithin Vijayan
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419  (Online Only)
Being a therapist means to me that regardless of background or identity, I will do my utmost to provide for you a safe and non-judgmental therapeutic space so that we can explore challenging thoughts and ideas. I do my best work when we can focus our efforts in therapy on specific areas of concern relating to stress, mood and anxiety disorders. Throughout the course of therapy, we will find ways to break down those areas of concern and then structure treatment to suit your unique mental health goals. I’m confident that not only will you find therapy a positive experience, but one where you will see yourself getting better.
Being a therapist means to me that regardless of background or identity, I will do my utmost to provide for you a safe and non-judgmental therapeutic space so that we can explore challenging thoughts and ideas. I do my best work when we can focus our efforts in therapy on specific areas of concern relating to stress, mood and anxiety disorders. Throughout the course of therapy, we will find ways to break down those areas of concern and then structure treatment to suit your unique mental health goals. I’m confident that not only will you find therapy a positive experience, but one where you will see yourself getting better.
(937) 230-7527 View (937) 230-7527
Photo of Veronica Saulog-Berry: Emdr Certified, MA, LPCC-S, NCC, CCMHC
Veronica Saulog-Berry: Emdr Certified
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419  (Online Only)
My treatment philosophy is based on our capacity to heal. My primary means of treatment is EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). EMDR reprocesses traumatic memories. Our brains use thought patterns to bring ideas, feelings and sensations to the forefront without discrimination. In instances of unresolved trauma, our ability to move forward in our lives is blocked, because thought patterns allow past trauma to continue to be replayed as if happening in the present. I collaborate with my clients via EMDR to reprocess trauma, allowing the brain to let natural healing occur.
My treatment philosophy is based on our capacity to heal. My primary means of treatment is EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). EMDR reprocesses traumatic memories. Our brains use thought patterns to bring ideas, feelings and sensations to the forefront without discrimination. In instances of unresolved trauma, our ability to move forward in our lives is blocked, because thought patterns allow past trauma to continue to be replayed as if happening in the present. I collaborate with my clients via EMDR to reprocess trauma, allowing the brain to let natural healing occur.
(937) 729-2666 View (937) 729-2666
Photo of Dr. Elizabeth Gish, MDiv, ThD, Pastoral Counselor
Dr. Elizabeth Gish
Pastoral Counselor, MDiv, ThD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakwood, OH 45419
Have you spent your life overachieving, working hard, taking care of others, doing all the right things, and yet thing aren't working out how you expected them to? Are your relationships very often one-sided, where you give a lot but no one takes care of you? I see you. My practice focuses on those who have "done all the right things," and are wondering why things are still so hard. Unfortunately, being hard on ourselves, working hard, achieving all the things, and taking care of everyone around us doesn't often lead to the sort of healing and peace we long for.
Have you spent your life overachieving, working hard, taking care of others, doing all the right things, and yet thing aren't working out how you expected them to? Are your relationships very often one-sided, where you give a lot but no one takes care of you? I see you. My practice focuses on those who have "done all the right things," and are wondering why things are still so hard. Unfortunately, being hard on ourselves, working hard, achieving all the things, and taking care of everyone around us doesn't often lead to the sort of healing and peace we long for.
(937) 756-9855 View (937) 756-9855
Photo of Nicole Ciarlariello, MSEd, LPCC, Counselor
Nicole Ciarlariello
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419  (Online Only)
My philosophy is that within each of us is the capacity to flourish. Counseling can be transformational for people working through life transitions, painful emotions, challenging relationships, and so much more. Together we can work to implement practical strategies that cultivate positive wellbeing and decrease stress. I help my clients to deepen their awareness and self-compassion so that they can feel empowered to make nurturing choices for themselves each day.
My philosophy is that within each of us is the capacity to flourish. Counseling can be transformational for people working through life transitions, painful emotions, challenging relationships, and so much more. Together we can work to implement practical strategies that cultivate positive wellbeing and decrease stress. I help my clients to deepen their awareness and self-compassion so that they can feel empowered to make nurturing choices for themselves each day.
(937) 663-1576 View (937) 663-1576
Photo of Amy Brown, SEP, MS, OD-MRO, ISP, RCST
Amy Brown
SEP, MS, OD-MRO, ISP, RCST
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45873
You're wanting to feel alive and comfortable in your own skin, but you find yourself freezing up or overwhelmed with images from the past or stuck in ways you can't explain. While talking about it can be helpful, if you're dealing with a trauma or ingrained stress response, it gets stuck in the body and talking alone doesn't unlock the trauma patterns in the body. Body-based modalities combined with talking really help to unwind trauma patterns. If you come see me, we won't only sit in chairs talking.
You're wanting to feel alive and comfortable in your own skin, but you find yourself freezing up or overwhelmed with images from the past or stuck in ways you can't explain. While talking about it can be helpful, if you're dealing with a trauma or ingrained stress response, it gets stuck in the body and talking alone doesn't unlock the trauma patterns in the body. Body-based modalities combined with talking really help to unwind trauma patterns. If you come see me, we won't only sit in chairs talking.
(513) 995-7020 View (513) 995-7020
Photo of Frances M Duncan, MSSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Frances M Duncan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakwood, OH 45873
I feel it is important to offer expert quality care that is compassionate, and tailored to each person's uniqueness as an individual. I have 33 years of clinical experience working with children, teens, families, and adults facing various life challenges. Time passes quickly. We often spend our days unhappy, and stressed. Sometimes it can be difficult to see beyond the hardships, and realize what matters most to us. If you can't change a situation, change your perspective.
I feel it is important to offer expert quality care that is compassionate, and tailored to each person's uniqueness as an individual. I have 33 years of clinical experience working with children, teens, families, and adults facing various life challenges. Time passes quickly. We often spend our days unhappy, and stressed. Sometimes it can be difficult to see beyond the hardships, and realize what matters most to us. If you can't change a situation, change your perspective.
(937) 210-4625 View (937) 210-4625
Photo of Meredith Lt Montgomery, EdD, LPCC-S, Counselor
Meredith Lt Montgomery
Counselor, EdD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Oakwood, OH 45419
Waitlist for new clients
I work predominantly, but not exclusively, with male clients. I have been described as pragmatic (definition: "dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations" & "the study of how context contributes to meaning.") My approach in counseling is well captured in these descriptions. We will approach things sensibly and realistically, seeking understanding, clarity, & truth. We will explore language and context to gain insight, guide decision making, and heal old wounds. We will work as partners to identify growth areas, resolve issues, set goals, & affect change.
I work predominantly, but not exclusively, with male clients. I have been described as pragmatic (definition: "dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations" & "the study of how context contributes to meaning.") My approach in counseling is well captured in these descriptions. We will approach things sensibly and realistically, seeking understanding, clarity, & truth. We will explore language and context to gain insight, guide decision making, and heal old wounds. We will work as partners to identify growth areas, resolve issues, set goals, & affect change.
(937) 790-4636 View (937) 790-4636
Photo of Jessica C Tupa, MSEd, LPCC-S, Counselor
Jessica C Tupa
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419
Waitlist for new clients
I believe all people have the ability to overcome even the most dis-empowering obstacles, and sometimes we need help finding the way to do this. I work across a range of mental health and addiction concerns, to help you, to help yourself. I believe you are the expert in your own life, and am honored by the opportunity to help you tap into your expertise. My practice uses principles of Mindfulness, compassion, personal empowerment, and hope. Together, we will discover your strengths, and learn how to use your own power to conquer challenges, to grow, and heal.
I believe all people have the ability to overcome even the most dis-empowering obstacles, and sometimes we need help finding the way to do this. I work across a range of mental health and addiction concerns, to help you, to help yourself. I believe you are the expert in your own life, and am honored by the opportunity to help you tap into your expertise. My practice uses principles of Mindfulness, compassion, personal empowerment, and hope. Together, we will discover your strengths, and learn how to use your own power to conquer challenges, to grow, and heal.
(937) 565-4076 View (937) 565-4076
Photo of Darcy L. Plunkett, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Darcy L. Plunkett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakwood, OH 45419
It takes a lot of courage to do the emotional work necessary to change patterns of personality and behavior that no longer serve you and / or get in the way of having healthy relationships in your life. I provide a safe, nurturing environment to do this work so that you can live more consciously. My focus is client driven - meeting you where you are, and assisting you with authentic growth towards living an aligned and empowered life. I also have a passion in assisting people in making transitions in their lives that can feel unsettling - be it from a loss, becoming a new parent or empty nester, divorce, or making a big move.
It takes a lot of courage to do the emotional work necessary to change patterns of personality and behavior that no longer serve you and / or get in the way of having healthy relationships in your life. I provide a safe, nurturing environment to do this work so that you can live more consciously. My focus is client driven - meeting you where you are, and assisting you with authentic growth towards living an aligned and empowered life. I also have a passion in assisting people in making transitions in their lives that can feel unsettling - be it from a loss, becoming a new parent or empty nester, divorce, or making a big move.
(937) 634-7636 View (937) 634-7636
Photo of Matt Heiner, PhD, Psychologist
Matt Heiner
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419
My approach to therapy is both focused on finding solutions and gaining understanding. First, I believe it is important to incorporate effective coping skills to mitigate the effects of any mental health concern. It is then often necessary to build insight as to the causes of these concerns in order to change problematic patterns in how we relate to ourselves and others. Anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship matters - I attempt to foster self-compassion and understanding in order to lighten the burden of difficult life situations.
My approach to therapy is both focused on finding solutions and gaining understanding. First, I believe it is important to incorporate effective coping skills to mitigate the effects of any mental health concern. It is then often necessary to build insight as to the causes of these concerns in order to change problematic patterns in how we relate to ourselves and others. Anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship matters - I attempt to foster self-compassion and understanding in order to lighten the burden of difficult life situations.
(937) 400-1489 View (937) 400-1489
Photo of Lynda Lee Fenner, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lynda Lee Fenner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419
Over the years I have worked with clients of all backgrounds and issues. I believe you are the most important person who walks into my office. I believe your experience in therapy should be helpful and that you feel you are treated with the dignity and respect you deserve. Our building a relationship is important in this process. You are the leader in managing your treatment and my job is to listen and follow your lead. For many families, adoption was an option to building that family. As a parent of nine adopted children who are now adults, I appreciate the special challenges we have faced.
Over the years I have worked with clients of all backgrounds and issues. I believe you are the most important person who walks into my office. I believe your experience in therapy should be helpful and that you feel you are treated with the dignity and respect you deserve. Our building a relationship is important in this process. You are the leader in managing your treatment and my job is to listen and follow your lead. For many families, adoption was an option to building that family. As a parent of nine adopted children who are now adults, I appreciate the special challenges we have faced.
(937) 468-3171 View (937) 468-3171
Photo of Laura Rozier, MSEd, LPC, LSW, Counselor
Laura Rozier
Counselor, MSEd, LPC, LSW
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419
Welcome to a space where understanding meets healing! Hi, I am Laura, thank you for checking-out my profile. I am compassionate and dedicated therapist committed to serving clients from all walks of life. This includes fostering a warm and inclusive environment for LGBTQ+ individuals, couples and those seeking culturally sensitive therapy. My expertise spans areas such as anxiety, depression, trauma, relationships, and self-esteem. With a client-centered approach, I create a supportive environment where you can explore your thoughts and emotions without judgement.
Welcome to a space where understanding meets healing! Hi, I am Laura, thank you for checking-out my profile. I am compassionate and dedicated therapist committed to serving clients from all walks of life. This includes fostering a warm and inclusive environment for LGBTQ+ individuals, couples and those seeking culturally sensitive therapy. My expertise spans areas such as anxiety, depression, trauma, relationships, and self-esteem. With a client-centered approach, I create a supportive environment where you can explore your thoughts and emotions without judgement.
(937) 821-8215 View (937) 821-8215
Photo of Susan C Wawrose, MSEd, JD, LPCC
Susan C Wawrose
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MSEd, JD, LPCC
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419
My expertise is with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and difficulty adjusting to life changes. Often clients come to me feeling stuck, seeking relief from stress, or feeling disconnected and alone. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental setting where clients feel safe to address these issues. My goal is to help clients gain insight and draw on their strengths to find the best way forward through difficult times.
My expertise is with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and difficulty adjusting to life changes. Often clients come to me feeling stuck, seeking relief from stress, or feeling disconnected and alone. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental setting where clients feel safe to address these issues. My goal is to help clients gain insight and draw on their strengths to find the best way forward through difficult times.
(937) 230-8438 View (937) 230-8438
Photo of Lucas A Brewer, LPCC-S, BSP, Counselor
Lucas A Brewer
Counselor, LPCC-S, BSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakwood, OH 45419
My goal is to help clients trust what they are feeling is real and that it matters. Once we build that trust, then we are better able to explore old wounds and traumas. Releasing stuck emotions and old narratives, making room for new possibilities. My practice is rooted in Brainspotting and guided by parts work / polyvagal theory. I work with Veterans, First-Line Responders, Counselors as well as Clients with PTSD, C-PTSD, DID and Attachment wounds. If you have struggled with motivation or feel as though life is heavy / not fulfilling my system is able to bring in energy and clear the fog that may be clouding your way forward.
My goal is to help clients trust what they are feeling is real and that it matters. Once we build that trust, then we are better able to explore old wounds and traumas. Releasing stuck emotions and old narratives, making room for new possibilities. My practice is rooted in Brainspotting and guided by parts work / polyvagal theory. I work with Veterans, First-Line Responders, Counselors as well as Clients with PTSD, C-PTSD, DID and Attachment wounds. If you have struggled with motivation or feel as though life is heavy / not fulfilling my system is able to bring in energy and clear the fog that may be clouding your way forward.
(937) 519-3417 View (937) 519-3417
Photo of Rachael Liggan, MA, LPC, Counselor
Rachael Liggan
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419
I enjoy working with people during any phase of their journey. It's rewarding to connect with couples, adolescents, and adults going through stage of life changes and or trauma. I find joy in collaborating to cultivate peoples' motivations to change in a way that allows them to gain insight into their behaviors and achieve optimal health. I view people through a holistic lens thus seeing the whole person rather than their symptoms.
I enjoy working with people during any phase of their journey. It's rewarding to connect with couples, adolescents, and adults going through stage of life changes and or trauma. I find joy in collaborating to cultivate peoples' motivations to change in a way that allows them to gain insight into their behaviors and achieve optimal health. I view people through a holistic lens thus seeing the whole person rather than their symptoms.
(937) 519-3747 View (937) 519-3747
Photo of Marian M Robinson-Gay - MMRG Professional Mental Health Services, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
MMRG Professional Mental Health Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakwood, OH 45419
I offer a client centered approach to my therapy style. I will assist you to identify and work on your mental health needs in a caring and genuine way. My purpose as a clinician is to build on your strengths and assist with your growth process. I offer a warm an personalized experience for each of my clients to create a healthy and productive theraputic relationship.
I offer a client centered approach to my therapy style. I will assist you to identify and work on your mental health needs in a caring and genuine way. My purpose as a clinician is to build on your strengths and assist with your growth process. I offer a warm an personalized experience for each of my clients to create a healthy and productive theraputic relationship.
(937) 858-1815 View (937) 858-1815
Photo of Margaret Shea Bianchi, MS/LPCC, Counselor
Margaret Shea Bianchi
Counselor, MS/LPCC
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419
I believe that people come to therapy for many reasons but their overall goal is to improve upon their lives and themselves. My main focus and overall goal as a therapist is to help my clients foster a better understanding of themselves and their relationships, in order to achieve a happier, more successful and productive life! I integrate Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Family Systems Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy to find the best combination to elicit change and personal growth in my clients.
I believe that people come to therapy for many reasons but their overall goal is to improve upon their lives and themselves. My main focus and overall goal as a therapist is to help my clients foster a better understanding of themselves and their relationships, in order to achieve a happier, more successful and productive life! I integrate Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Family Systems Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy to find the best combination to elicit change and personal growth in my clients.
(937) 230-7611 View (937) 230-7611
Photo of Devonna Rogers-Seger, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Devonna Rogers-Seger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Oakwood, OH 45419
I work with a variety of clients, all having one thing in common: They are unhappy with the direction their life has taken and seek insight so that their lives can change. Whether they are wanting to process a life event and only want to come one or two sessions, or whether they want to make a long-term connection with a counselor, I tailor my therapy to my clients' needs. My approach is interactive, engaging my clients in conversations that help them process past or present events, so that they can find their own path to healing.
I work with a variety of clients, all having one thing in common: They are unhappy with the direction their life has taken and seek insight so that their lives can change. Whether they are wanting to process a life event and only want to come one or two sessions, or whether they want to make a long-term connection with a counselor, I tailor my therapy to my clients' needs. My approach is interactive, engaging my clients in conversations that help them process past or present events, so that they can find their own path to healing.
(937) 421-8449 View (937) 421-8449
Photo of Heather Renae Horton, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Renae Horton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakwood, OH 45419
It's time. It's time for you to take that step into the self-discovery and healing that allows you to live your best life. Whether your issues and concerns are with anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, self-harm, relationships, or that of a spiritual nature I offer a safe space that allows you to explore the ins and outs of who you are, why you are, what you are doing and where you are going.
It's time. It's time for you to take that step into the self-discovery and healing that allows you to live your best life. Whether your issues and concerns are with anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, self-harm, relationships, or that of a spiritual nature I offer a safe space that allows you to explore the ins and outs of who you are, why you are, what you are doing and where you are going.
(937) 358-8229 View (937) 358-8229
Photo of Gwen Ashby, MS, LPCC, NCC, Counselor
Gwen Ashby
Counselor, MS, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakwood, OH 45419
Do you repeat self-defeating behaviors but don't know how to stop? Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, or unresolved trauma? Maybe you just feel overwhelmed and can't even name what is wrong. I can help you make sense of the senseless, make peace with shame and blame, and gain the happiness you thought impossible. I provide compassionate, inclusive care for adults, teens (13+), couples, and families. I am LGBTQ+ and multicultural sensitive, offer telehealth, and am accepting new clients. My approach is holistic and client-centered.
Do you repeat self-defeating behaviors but don't know how to stop? Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, or unresolved trauma? Maybe you just feel overwhelmed and can't even name what is wrong. I can help you make sense of the senseless, make peace with shame and blame, and gain the happiness you thought impossible. I provide compassionate, inclusive care for adults, teens (13+), couples, and families. I am LGBTQ+ and multicultural sensitive, offer telehealth, and am accepting new clients. My approach is holistic and client-centered.
(937) 230-8763 View (937) 230-8763
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakwood, OH

20+

Average cost per session

$127

Therapists in Oakwood, OH who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
93% Depression
89% Relationship Issues
81% Coping Skills
81% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
77% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Elevance

How Therapists in Oakwood, OH see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakwood?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.