Depression Therapists in North Olmsted, OH

Photo of Tricia Fritz, MA, LPCC-S, Counselor
Tricia Fritz
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Olmsted, OH 44070
The choice to engage in counseling may be difficult, but the benefits can be life-changing. Loyal to the belief that a "journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step". I seek to join you on this journey, value each individual's story, and while understanding the need for a strong therapeutic relationship. Whether you are negotiating life losses, feelings of anxiety and depression or adjustment to life challenges, I see my role as compassionate listener and guide.
The choice to engage in counseling may be difficult, but the benefits can be life-changing. Loyal to the belief that a "journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step". I seek to join you on this journey, value each individual's story, and while understanding the need for a strong therapeutic relationship. Whether you are negotiating life losses, feelings of anxiety and depression or adjustment to life challenges, I see my role as compassionate listener and guide.
(216) 208-4975 View (216) 208-4975
Photo of Adriana Faur, PhD, Psychologist
Adriana Faur
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
North Olmsted, OH 44070
Dr. Faur is a licensed psychologist in Ohio specializing in the treatment of OCD, PTSD, anxiety and depression. She has diverse experience working with children, adolescents and adults during graduate training, fellowship in Psychiatry at the Boston University School of Medicine/Center for Multicultural Training in Psychology and the Cleveland VA. Dr. Faur offers diagnostic assessment and empirically based treatment. She is passionate about working with adults with a variety of disorders, life problems and existential crises as well as helping young people struggling with self-esteem, depression, anxiety and behavioral problems.
Dr. Faur is a licensed psychologist in Ohio specializing in the treatment of OCD, PTSD, anxiety and depression. She has diverse experience working with children, adolescents and adults during graduate training, fellowship in Psychiatry at the Boston University School of Medicine/Center for Multicultural Training in Psychology and the Cleveland VA. Dr. Faur offers diagnostic assessment and empirically based treatment. She is passionate about working with adults with a variety of disorders, life problems and existential crises as well as helping young people struggling with self-esteem, depression, anxiety and behavioral problems.
(440) 571-7977 View (440) 571-7977
Photo of Erica Allen, LPCC
Erica Allen
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070
Additional specialty areas include Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety, adjustment disorders, and depression.
Erica Allen is a Professional Clinical Counselor and Marriage and Family Therapist, who has been practicing since 2008. She holds a bachelor's degree in psychology from Miami University and graduated from the University of Akron with a master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. She utilizes family systems therapy which explores the strengths of the family and the impact of generational, social, community and cultural factors in treatment. She also incorporates cognitive behavioral therapy techniques.
Additional specialty areas include Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety, adjustment disorders, and depression.
Erica Allen is a Professional Clinical Counselor and Marriage and Family Therapist, who has been practicing since 2008. She holds a bachelor's degree in psychology from Miami University and graduated from the University of Akron with a master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. She utilizes family systems therapy which explores the strengths of the family and the impact of generational, social, community and cultural factors in treatment. She also incorporates cognitive behavioral therapy techniques.
(440) 530-7426 View (440) 530-7426
Photo of Christine Carey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christine Carey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070
Her specialty areas include childhood anxieties and phobias, depression, school and social problems as well as adjustment to new and challenging circumstances.
Christine Carey has over 30 years of experience working in clinical settings with children and adolescents. She holds a B.A. degree in Social work and MSSA (social work), from Cleveland State University and Case western Reserve University. She concentrated in child and adolescent mental health with a particular focus on childhood development. She also hold a post-graduate certification in marital and family therapy from The Family Therapy Center at The University of Cincinnati.
Her specialty areas include childhood anxieties and phobias, depression, school and social problems as well as adjustment to new and challenging circumstances.
Christine Carey has over 30 years of experience working in clinical settings with children and adolescents. She holds a B.A. degree in Social work and MSSA (social work), from Cleveland State University and Case western Reserve University. She concentrated in child and adolescent mental health with a particular focus on childhood development. She also hold a post-graduate certification in marital and family therapy from The Family Therapy Center at The University of Cincinnati.
(440) 760-5785 View (440) 760-5785
Photo of Michael Weatherford, PhD, LPCC-S, Counselor
Michael Weatherford
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070  (Online Only)
My focus is broad, but I generally work with clients who have experienced anxiety, depression, ADHD, or trauma and are having difficulty functioning as a result of it.
Life can be difficult. Work, relationships, school, and the various other demands can cause someone to feel overwhelmed, frustrated, or depressed. Add to these common demands the influences of ADHD, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and other forms of mental illness and navigating through life can feel impossible. I provide a comfortable, client-centered environment for exploration and processing in order to make life more manageable.
My focus is broad, but I generally work with clients who have experienced anxiety, depression, ADHD, or trauma and are having difficulty functioning as a result of it.
Life can be difficult. Work, relationships, school, and the various other demands can cause someone to feel overwhelmed, frustrated, or depressed. Add to these common demands the influences of ADHD, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and other forms of mental illness and navigating through life can feel impossible. I provide a comfortable, client-centered environment for exploration and processing in order to make life more manageable.
(216) 284-0237 View (216) 284-0237
Photo of Tricia Fritz, LPCC
Tricia Fritz
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070
The choice to engage in counseling may be difficult, but the benefits can be life changing. Loyal to the belief that a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. I seek to join you on this journey, value each individual's story, and while understanding the need for a strong therapeutic relationship. Whether you are negotiating life losses, feelings of anxiety and depression or adjustment to life challenges, I see my role as compassionate listener and guide. I specialize individuals struggling with mood disorders, transitions, anxiety, trauma, stress, low self-esteem, anger management, ADHD, grief and bereavement.
The choice to engage in counseling may be difficult, but the benefits can be life changing. Loyal to the belief that a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. I seek to join you on this journey, value each individual's story, and while understanding the need for a strong therapeutic relationship. Whether you are negotiating life losses, feelings of anxiety and depression or adjustment to life challenges, I see my role as compassionate listener and guide. I specialize individuals struggling with mood disorders, transitions, anxiety, trauma, stress, low self-esteem, anger management, ADHD, grief and bereavement.
(440) 664-3831 View (440) 664-3831
Photo of Christine Billick, PsyD, Psychologist
Christine Billick
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070
Her areas of specialty include sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders.
Brookana Bonezzi is a board certified advanced practice nurse with dual certification in pediatrics and mental health care. She received her bachelor's degree in nursing from Case Western Reserve University and her master's degree from the University of Akron. She also earned post-master's certification in psychiatric mental health from the University of Cincinnati. She has more than 10 years of nursing experience in both inpatient and outpatient settings and has served a variety of patients across the life span including children, adolescents and adults.
Her areas of specialty include sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders.
Brookana Bonezzi is a board certified advanced practice nurse with dual certification in pediatrics and mental health care. She received her bachelor's degree in nursing from Case Western Reserve University and her master's degree from the University of Akron. She also earned post-master's certification in psychiatric mental health from the University of Cincinnati. She has more than 10 years of nursing experience in both inpatient and outpatient settings and has served a variety of patients across the life span including children, adolescents and adults.
(440) 762-6144 View (440) 762-6144
Photo of Michael Weatherford, PhD, LPCC-S, NCC
Michael Weatherford
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070
Dr. Weatherford (He/him) is a licensed professional counselor with five years of clinical experience working with adolescents and adults in an outpatient setting with differing presenting concerns. He has specialized training in behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Dr. Weatherford primarily works with adolescents and adults (Ages 13-60) with a wide range of concerns. He has extensive experience working with adolescents and adults with varying depression diagnoses, varying anxiety-related diagnoses, ADHD, adjustment disorders, and PTSD.
Dr. Weatherford (He/him) is a licensed professional counselor with five years of clinical experience working with adolescents and adults in an outpatient setting with differing presenting concerns. He has specialized training in behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Dr. Weatherford primarily works with adolescents and adults (Ages 13-60) with a wide range of concerns. He has extensive experience working with adolescents and adults with varying depression diagnoses, varying anxiety-related diagnoses, ADHD, adjustment disorders, and PTSD.
(440) 762-6244 View (440) 762-6244
Photo of Adriana Faur - Integrative Psychological Health, PhD, Psychologist
Integrative Psychological Health
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Olmsted, OH 44070
We treat children, adolescents, adults and couples experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, adjustment, relationship or job stress, hopelessness, grief, loss, and gender identity and multicultural issues.
We warmly welcome you to our private practice located in Westlake! We are a group of caring psychologists, psychiatrists and counselors. We appreciate how difficult it is to take the first step in this journey. Our mission is to provide a safe space that is warm and inviting, where healing can occur. Some of our providers offer evening, weekend and telemental (online video platform) appointments. We do our best to schedule initial appointments as soon as possible following your call! Our team is committed to working hand in hand with you, to meet your specific needs!
We treat children, adolescents, adults and couples experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, adjustment, relationship or job stress, hopelessness, grief, loss, and gender identity and multicultural issues.
We warmly welcome you to our private practice located in Westlake! We are a group of caring psychologists, psychiatrists and counselors. We appreciate how difficult it is to take the first step in this journey. Our mission is to provide a safe space that is warm and inviting, where healing can occur. Some of our providers offer evening, weekend and telemental (online video platform) appointments. We do our best to schedule initial appointments as soon as possible following your call! Our team is committed to working hand in hand with you, to meet your specific needs!
(216) 584-9645 View (216) 584-9645
Photo of Caitlin Vogler, MSW,  LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caitlin Vogler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070
Caitlin Vogler, LISW, provides a supportive and compassionate space for clients in Ohio to reconnect with themselves and navigate life's challenges. At LifeStance Health, she employs a client-centered approach, customizing therapeutic interventions to meet each individual's unique needs. Caitlin specializes in treating adults and seniors, offering tailored care for those facing issues such as anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Caitlin Vogler, LISW, provides a supportive and compassionate space for clients in Ohio to reconnect with themselves and navigate life's challenges. At LifeStance Health, she employs a client-centered approach, customizing therapeutic interventions to meet each individual's unique needs. Caitlin specializes in treating adults and seniors, offering tailored care for those facing issues such as anxiety, depression, and trauma.
(440) 689-2902 View (440) 689-2902
Photo of Gabriel Somarriba, PsyD, Psychologist
Gabriel Somarriba
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070
His treatment specialties include abuse, anxiety, adolescent services, depression, dementia, geriatric care, parenting, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and men's issues.
Dr. Somarriba is a clinical psychologist who is fluent in both English and Spanish. He received his doctoral degree in psychology, his master's degree in clinical psychology from Divine Mercy University and his bachelor's degree in international studies from American University. He also completed a post-doctoral fellowship in family medicine at MetroHealth Medical Center. He has experience in both outpatient and inpatient settings providing psychotherapy and psychological assessments for patients of all ages.
His treatment specialties include abuse, anxiety, adolescent services, depression, dementia, geriatric care, parenting, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and men's issues.
Dr. Somarriba is a clinical psychologist who is fluent in both English and Spanish. He received his doctoral degree in psychology, his master's degree in clinical psychology from Divine Mercy University and his bachelor's degree in international studies from American University. He also completed a post-doctoral fellowship in family medicine at MetroHealth Medical Center. He has experience in both outpatient and inpatient settings providing psychotherapy and psychological assessments for patients of all ages.
(440) 737-3732 View (440) 737-3732
Photo of Tara Reidy, PsyD, Psychologist
Tara Reidy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070
For adults and older adolescents Tara believes in combining insight from lifelong experiences and patterns with cognitive behavioral therapy. For young children she works with closely with both parent and child. She specializes in emotional and behavioral problems of young children and in the impact of early trauma on adult anxiety and depression. In her spare time, Tara enjoys square dancing and hiking in the wonderful Cleveland Metropark system. She directs a small food pantry associated with the Greater Cleveland Food Bank.
For adults and older adolescents Tara believes in combining insight from lifelong experiences and patterns with cognitive behavioral therapy. For young children she works with closely with both parent and child. She specializes in emotional and behavioral problems of young children and in the impact of early trauma on adult anxiety and depression. In her spare time, Tara enjoys square dancing and hiking in the wonderful Cleveland Metropark system. She directs a small food pantry associated with the Greater Cleveland Food Bank.
(440) 571-7154 View (440) 571-7154
Photo of Katherine Bement, MA, LPCC-S, Counselor
Katherine Bement
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
North Olmsted, OH 44070
I work with issues ranging from life transitions, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, eating disorders, suicidal ideation,self-harm, and trauma.
I believe in a holistic approach with an emphasis on getting to know each individual for who they are as a person. I work to build a complete picture of each person's emotional, mental, and physical health and behaviors to better gain more understanding. My goal is to work in creating more self-awareness and personal growth to facilitate positive changes in your life and overcome the obstacles you may be facing. I enjoy working with adolescents through adults and particularly enjoy emerging adults and life transition issues. As a mom myself, I am passionate about working with perinatal/postpartum mood disorders and women's issues.
I work with issues ranging from life transitions, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, eating disorders, suicidal ideation,self-harm, and trauma.
I believe in a holistic approach with an emphasis on getting to know each individual for who they are as a person. I work to build a complete picture of each person's emotional, mental, and physical health and behaviors to better gain more understanding. My goal is to work in creating more self-awareness and personal growth to facilitate positive changes in your life and overcome the obstacles you may be facing. I enjoy working with adolescents through adults and particularly enjoy emerging adults and life transition issues. As a mom myself, I am passionate about working with perinatal/postpartum mood disorders and women's issues.
(440) 652-8074 View (440) 652-8074
Photo of Anna Jones - Up the Steps, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Up the Steps
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070  (Online Only)
If you are struggling with symptoms of anxiety and depression, if you have experienced a trauma in your life or if you are just seeking purpose? Up the Steps is the place for you.
Hello, my name is Anna Jones and I am the founder and creator of Up the Steps. Up the Steps is a Restorative Psychotherapy practice specifically designed for women and girls who struggle with emotional and behavior issues. The purpose of UTS is to help women/girls develop a life practice that will lead to a healthier and happier life.
If you are struggling with symptoms of anxiety and depression, if you have experienced a trauma in your life or if you are just seeking purpose? Up the Steps is the place for you.
Hello, my name is Anna Jones and I am the founder and creator of Up the Steps. Up the Steps is a Restorative Psychotherapy practice specifically designed for women and girls who struggle with emotional and behavior issues. The purpose of UTS is to help women/girls develop a life practice that will lead to a healthier and happier life.
(216) 930-2305 View (216) 930-2305
Photo of Airielle Banaszak, LISW-S, MSW, ACHT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Airielle Banaszak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, MSW, ACHT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
North Olmsted, OH 44070
Waitlist for new clients
I am an Advanced Hypnotherapist and strengths based Therapist dedicated to empowering people to define and live their best lives. I have been in the field for 20 + years and have worked with folks on adjusting to all sorts of difficulties life brings, depression, anxiety, phobias, purpose and familial issues among other things. I welcome all walks of life and look forward to learning about you so that together we can get you moving along your unique life path.
I am an Advanced Hypnotherapist and strengths based Therapist dedicated to empowering people to define and live their best lives. I have been in the field for 20 + years and have worked with folks on adjusting to all sorts of difficulties life brings, depression, anxiety, phobias, purpose and familial issues among other things. I welcome all walks of life and look forward to learning about you so that together we can get you moving along your unique life path.
(216) 350-0625 View (216) 350-0625
Photo of Kimberly Kotik, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kimberly Kotik
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North Olmsted, OH 44070
I have extensive training in adolescent girls behavioral health and currently provide services to individuals aged 13-35 struggling with anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, suicidal ideation and self harm.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I believe that creating a relationship with my clients is one of the most important parts of counseling. I strive to create a space where clients can be themselves while feeling safe and supported.
I have extensive training in adolescent girls behavioral health and currently provide services to individuals aged 13-35 struggling with anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, suicidal ideation and self harm.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I believe that creating a relationship with my clients is one of the most important parts of counseling. I strive to create a space where clients can be themselves while feeling safe and supported.
(440) 643-4259 View (440) 643-4259
Photo of Cassandra Petro, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cassandra Petro
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
North Olmsted, OH 44070
Cassie has experience working with a variety of different populations and specializes in working with adults struggling with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, depression, grief, and difficult life transitions.
Cassie has experience working with a variety of different populations and specializes in working with adults struggling with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, depression, grief, and difficult life transitions.
(216) 714-1704 View (216) 714-1704
Photo of Jean M Zaffiro, MA, LPCC
Jean M Zaffiro
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North Olmsted, OH 44070
I have worked in private practice settings for more than seven years with men and women to address conditions such as depression, anxiety, grief, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use issues.
*CURRENTLY TAKING NEW CLIENTS* Each person is born to be someone – themself. Over time this sense of self is molded by our lived experiences, relationships, and interactions. Sometimes we are molded to fit into a role or to fulfill someone else’s needs. It is this sense of losing ourselves that can lead to the challenges of anxiety, depression, emotional distress, and numerous other mental health concerns. As a result, I believe counseling is an essential part of life – a journey to finding the authentic self.
I have worked in private practice settings for more than seven years with men and women to address conditions such as depression, anxiety, grief, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use issues.
*CURRENTLY TAKING NEW CLIENTS* Each person is born to be someone – themself. Over time this sense of self is molded by our lived experiences, relationships, and interactions. Sometimes we are molded to fit into a role or to fulfill someone else’s needs. It is this sense of losing ourselves that can lead to the challenges of anxiety, depression, emotional distress, and numerous other mental health concerns. As a result, I believe counseling is an essential part of life – a journey to finding the authentic self.
(216) 616-5048 View (216) 616-5048
Photo of Kristin S Curran, MAEd, LPC, MIACP, Counselor
Kristin S Curran
Counselor, MAEd, LPC, MIACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Olmsted, OH 44070
My areas of client focus include Anxiety, Depression, Adjustment Disorders, Life Stressors, Trauma, Divorce, Shared-Parenting, Mood Disorders, LGBTQIA+, ADHD, and Autism.
At various times in our lives we may find ourselves faced with difficult experiences which may feel overwhelming and, often, seeking help can be the most difficult step. I believe that every person has the ability to make desired changes which can lead to a more fulfilling life. Understanding the uniqueness of those experiences.
My areas of client focus include Anxiety, Depression, Adjustment Disorders, Life Stressors, Trauma, Divorce, Shared-Parenting, Mood Disorders, LGBTQIA+, ADHD, and Autism.
At various times in our lives we may find ourselves faced with difficult experiences which may feel overwhelming and, often, seeking help can be the most difficult step. I believe that every person has the ability to make desired changes which can lead to a more fulfilling life. Understanding the uniqueness of those experiences.
(440) 750-2345 View (440) 750-2345
Photo of Alec Smith, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alec Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070
I currently work with clients aged 14-65 and have experience in the following areas: anxiety, OCD, depression, ADHD, trauma, grief and adjustment-related concerns.
Currently Accepting New Clients. I believe that therapy is not the process of fixing a problem, but rather it’s a space to strengthen one’s sense of self. My goal as a Licensed Professional Counselor is to provide support through conversation and interventions that empower clients to live a healthy and fulfilling life.
I currently work with clients aged 14-65 and have experience in the following areas: anxiety, OCD, depression, ADHD, trauma, grief and adjustment-related concerns.
Currently Accepting New Clients. I believe that therapy is not the process of fixing a problem, but rather it’s a space to strengthen one’s sense of self. My goal as a Licensed Professional Counselor is to provide support through conversation and interventions that empower clients to live a healthy and fulfilling life.
(440) 671-1944 View (440) 671-1944
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See more therapy options for North Olmsted

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.