Therapists in Grafton, OH
![Photo of John P Rudolph, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ab2de676-11a3-45f4-862a-46d7b5c64ff2/2/320x400.jpeg)
John P Rudolph
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grafton, OH 44044
In 26 years of professional work, I have learned many things, especially the reality that people are fundamentally good-and that prior trauma often causes them to employ unhealthy coping mechanisms. This is not their fault-it was a survival response-to be able to get up each day and go on. Such people deserve compassion and respect, not the scorn that many direct at them. I truly enjoy connecting with them and working together to try to heal their wounds, so that they can pursue healthy relationships and a sense of peace. I am here to help, not to judge. I am also amazed at the tremendous resiliency people have.
In 26 years of professional work, I have learned many things, especially the reality that people are fundamentally good-and that prior trauma often causes them to employ unhealthy coping mechanisms. This is not their fault-it was a survival response-to be able to get up each day and go on. Such people deserve compassion and respect, not the scorn that many direct at them. I truly enjoy connecting with them and working together to try to heal their wounds, so that they can pursue healthy relationships and a sense of peace. I am here to help, not to judge. I am also amazed at the tremendous resiliency people have.
![Photo of Stephanie Woolf, CT, LPC Intern](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a907c5db-2538-4a06-96b1-0a5ffa35ad50/1/320x400.jpeg)
I have recently joined Aaron’s Hope as a Resident in Counseling. I am experienced in several different fields, which have all led me to counseling. I take an empathetic integrative approach to meet the needs of my clients as an individual; including but not limited to: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Person-Centered Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior (DBT). Currently, I am meeting with Children, Adolescent and Adult clients who are experiencing life’s difficulties.
I have recently joined Aaron’s Hope as a Resident in Counseling. I am experienced in several different fields, which have all led me to counseling. I take an empathetic integrative approach to meet the needs of my clients as an individual; including but not limited to: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Person-Centered Therapy, and Dialectical Behavior (DBT). Currently, I am meeting with Children, Adolescent and Adult clients who are experiencing life’s difficulties.
![Photo of Debbie Ross, LSW, LCDClll, MSW, Drug & Alcohol Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/938c8a57-8acb-4bfa-ba9f-f9638e53f428/2/320x400.jpeg)
Debbie Ross
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LSW, LCDClll, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grafton, OH 44044
Greetings! I am a Licensed Social Worker, Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor lll, that specializes in areas of substance abuse, trauma, and other life struggles that we face daily. I believe in partnering with my clients on their journey to explore ways we can navigate through some of the negative things we collect through some of the most difficult times of our lives. Together, we can build a new perspective and take your power back to live a prosperous, blessed life, free from all the struggles of the past while creating a new vision for today.
Greetings! I am a Licensed Social Worker, Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor lll, that specializes in areas of substance abuse, trauma, and other life struggles that we face daily. I believe in partnering with my clients on their journey to explore ways we can navigate through some of the negative things we collect through some of the most difficult times of our lives. Together, we can build a new perspective and take your power back to live a prosperous, blessed life, free from all the struggles of the past while creating a new vision for today.
![Photo of Claudia Boryka, MA, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9c77653a-34a0-4522-a0c5-4d8f553c27a4/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am an LPCC who graduated with my master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Walsh University. I went to the University of Mount Union for my undergraduate degree and received my Bachelor of Science studying Psychology and Criminal Justice. I have experience working with many different populations particularly clients who are dealing with trauma and grief. I incorporate Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques in session and am trained in EMDR. It is important for me to advocate for my clients and to provide a safe and accepting space for all.
I am an LPCC who graduated with my master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Walsh University. I went to the University of Mount Union for my undergraduate degree and received my Bachelor of Science studying Psychology and Criminal Justice. I have experience working with many different populations particularly clients who are dealing with trauma and grief. I incorporate Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques in session and am trained in EMDR. It is important for me to advocate for my clients and to provide a safe and accepting space for all.
![Photo of Shani Judis Laub, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/cd4e77b9-0ba5-46c7-aefa-e00d913e77f1/1/320x400.jpeg)
Shani Judis Laub
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Grafton, OH 44044 (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in addressing a spectrum of mental health concerns including: Anxiety ,Depression ,Psychosis , LGBTQ+ Issues , ADHD , Trauma, Autism Spectrum Disorders , PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, Mood Disorders.
I specialize in addressing a spectrum of mental health concerns including: Anxiety ,Depression ,Psychosis , LGBTQ+ Issues , ADHD , Trauma, Autism Spectrum Disorders , PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, Mood Disorders.
![Photo of Dawn Swartz, LPCC-S, LSW, LICDC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f9e41e1e-f633-401b-97bc-fb5484fe7b0a/3/320x400.jpeg)
TELEHEALTH NOW AVAILABLE! As the owner and one of 7 therapists at Aaron's Hope, I am passionate about addressing the holistic needs of the individual. I want to collaborate with each person to develop a plan rooted in evidenced-based treatment and tailored to their unique needs. I feel strongly that therapy is not something that is done to you, but with you. I feel you are the expert on yourself, knowing intimately what you have been through, how you have tried to change in the past, and where you want to be in the future. Both my associates and I are ready to help you get there.
TELEHEALTH NOW AVAILABLE! As the owner and one of 7 therapists at Aaron's Hope, I am passionate about addressing the holistic needs of the individual. I want to collaborate with each person to develop a plan rooted in evidenced-based treatment and tailored to their unique needs. I feel strongly that therapy is not something that is done to you, but with you. I feel you are the expert on yourself, knowing intimately what you have been through, how you have tried to change in the past, and where you want to be in the future. Both my associates and I are ready to help you get there.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Rebecca Austin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/34a13eec-b826-407d-9a45-f59d53254976/1/320x400.png)
I am a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for decreasing the stigma surrounding mental health and promoting the health and well being of my clients. For my undergraduate degree, I moved from Central Jersey (Yes! It exists!) to South Jersey to attend Stockton University. I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Social Work with a Minor in Behavioral Neuroscience from Stockton, and then moved on to attend graduate school in Philadelphia. I received my Master of Social Work Degree with a clinical concentration from the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Social Policy and Practice in May of 2020.
I am a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for decreasing the stigma surrounding mental health and promoting the health and well being of my clients. For my undergraduate degree, I moved from Central Jersey (Yes! It exists!) to South Jersey to attend Stockton University. I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Social Work with a Minor in Behavioral Neuroscience from Stockton, and then moved on to attend graduate school in Philadelphia. I received my Master of Social Work Degree with a clinical concentration from the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Social Policy and Practice in May of 2020.
![Photo of Tracy Wheeler, LISW-S, MSW, LICDC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ade9b915-5218-4acf-8603-0cd42b0fde37/2/320x400.jpeg)
I assist clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression and want to bring about change in their lives. I help clients who want to find a balance and stability within themselves to learn and reconnect to a more desired life.
I assist clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression and want to bring about change in their lives. I help clients who want to find a balance and stability within themselves to learn and reconnect to a more desired life.
![Photo of Jill Miller, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ef3561f8-6939-467f-a6e7-d5c57eadc7ea/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hello, my name is Jill Miller, and I am a licensed independent social worker, licensed independent chemical dependency counselor, and substance abuse professional in the State of Ohio. I believe that in order to have a successful relationship and outcome with my clients that there needs to be mutual trust, understanding, and good rapport. I use one of several therapeutic modalities, depending on what issue one is having in their life.
Hello, my name is Jill Miller, and I am a licensed independent social worker, licensed independent chemical dependency counselor, and substance abuse professional in the State of Ohio. I believe that in order to have a successful relationship and outcome with my clients that there needs to be mutual trust, understanding, and good rapport. I use one of several therapeutic modalities, depending on what issue one is having in their life.
![Photo of Samantha Chadwell, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/36f79728-19e7-4f17-8d61-6b5a82558f94/1/320x400.png)
Samantha Chadwell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Elyria, OH 44035 (Online Only)
Change what you can, manage what you can't (Raymond McCauley). Samantha is a compassionate helper who has worked with many different diagnoses throughout her three years of experience in mental health. She passionately believes that every person is unique and requires a unique approach. Specializing in the treatment of trauma, anxiety, depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder, Samantha provides eclectic treatment, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral and Dialectical Behavioral Therapies. Samantha is a connector, focusing on helping as many people as she can while reducing mental health stigma and driving for change.
Change what you can, manage what you can't (Raymond McCauley). Samantha is a compassionate helper who has worked with many different diagnoses throughout her three years of experience in mental health. She passionately believes that every person is unique and requires a unique approach. Specializing in the treatment of trauma, anxiety, depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder, Samantha provides eclectic treatment, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral and Dialectical Behavioral Therapies. Samantha is a connector, focusing on helping as many people as she can while reducing mental health stigma and driving for change.
![Photo of Katherine Bement, MA, LPCC-S, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d687f21c-d66e-4a92-b6c4-f3c31604e694/2/320x400.jpeg)
I believe in a holistic approach with an emphasis on getting to know each individual for who they are as a person. I work to build a complete picture of each person's emotional, mental, and physical health and behaviors to better gain more understanding. My goal is to work in creating more self-awareness and personal growth to facilitate positive changes in your life and overcome the obstacles you may be facing. I enjoy working with adolescents through adults and particularly enjoy emerging adults and life transition issues. As a mom myself, I am passionate about working with perinatal/postpartum mood disorders and women's issues.
I believe in a holistic approach with an emphasis on getting to know each individual for who they are as a person. I work to build a complete picture of each person's emotional, mental, and physical health and behaviors to better gain more understanding. My goal is to work in creating more self-awareness and personal growth to facilitate positive changes in your life and overcome the obstacles you may be facing. I enjoy working with adolescents through adults and particularly enjoy emerging adults and life transition issues. As a mom myself, I am passionate about working with perinatal/postpartum mood disorders and women's issues.
![Photo of Holly Mundon, MSW , LISWS , CCTP , CDCA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/076d49d4-d1ac-4685-a20a-0b48c8886bfb/1/320x400.png)
Holly Mundon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW , LISWS , CCTP , CDCA
Verified Verified
Elyria, OH 44035
Are you having struggles in your job or relationship? Have you been diagnosed with a mental illness and need coping skills as you learn to manage all that it entails? Do you need education, support, and encouragement? I work with grief/loss, trauma, Depression, Anxiety, coping skills & boundaries, relationship and job stressors, life transitions, and general support. I am passionate about helping those who are 'helping professions' and work with health professionals and first responders dealing with secondary trauma. We will work together to set goals for taking the next steps to feel better.
Are you having struggles in your job or relationship? Have you been diagnosed with a mental illness and need coping skills as you learn to manage all that it entails? Do you need education, support, and encouragement? I work with grief/loss, trauma, Depression, Anxiety, coping skills & boundaries, relationship and job stressors, life transitions, and general support. I am passionate about helping those who are 'helping professions' and work with health professionals and first responders dealing with secondary trauma. We will work together to set goals for taking the next steps to feel better.
![Photo of Tiffany Spangler, LPC, LICDC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f128cb1b-f78c-4c41-9255-6f949d1bd704/2/320x400.png)
Are you seeking treatment to enrich your life? Are you willing to explore your past, present, and future to gain insight into your illnesses? Are you willing to do the work with me guiding you?
Are you seeking treatment to enrich your life? Are you willing to explore your past, present, and future to gain insight into your illnesses? Are you willing to do the work with me guiding you?
![Photo of Paul Henfield, LISW, LCSW](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9fdf16bc-b4d8-40c9-8c90-a7fa6ae5b4e9/1/320x400.png)
Imagine feeling overwhelmed by addiction, struggling with dual-diagnosis, or battling substance abuse. You yearn for a life free from these burdens, where you can achieve mental clarity and emotional stability. Your goal is to regain control, find balance, and live a fulfilling life. You want a compassionate, experienced therapist who understands your struggles and can guide you through the complexities of recovery with empathy and expertise.
Imagine feeling overwhelmed by addiction, struggling with dual-diagnosis, or battling substance abuse. You yearn for a life free from these burdens, where you can achieve mental clarity and emotional stability. Your goal is to regain control, find balance, and live a fulfilling life. You want a compassionate, experienced therapist who understands your struggles and can guide you through the complexities of recovery with empathy and expertise.
![Photo of Lori K. Morgan Flood, MA, MEd, LPCC-S](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ce6ac3d9-505b-434c-a5f3-208345e75943/2/320x400.jpeg)
Lori K. Morgan Flood
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Elyria, OH 44035
It's time for a change. I’m here to help. Enhance your self-care through better lifestyle choices and stress management. Improve your organizational skills. Boost your confidence and resiliency. Foster healthy relationships. Manage unhelpful moods. Say goodbye to feeling stuck. Together we will strive to enrich your sense of well-being.
It's time for a change. I’m here to help. Enhance your self-care through better lifestyle choices and stress management. Improve your organizational skills. Boost your confidence and resiliency. Foster healthy relationships. Manage unhelpful moods. Say goodbye to feeling stuck. Together we will strive to enrich your sense of well-being.
![Photo of Angela Martin, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/682f1e2b-50ac-43f1-af27-b32d088fc851/1/320x400.jpeg)
Throughout our journey together, we will strive to identify, process and work through stressors/traumas as a team by establishing a compassionate and safe environment while building a gentle/secure rapport. Through psychoeducation & learning/practicing healthy coping strategies, you will experience a reduction of anxiety/depressive symptoms and overall daily functioning will be improved. You will begin a Journey towards Joy, empowering you to live in the present moment, absorb the beauty of every day, and have gratitude for self & others.
Throughout our journey together, we will strive to identify, process and work through stressors/traumas as a team by establishing a compassionate and safe environment while building a gentle/secure rapport. Through psychoeducation & learning/practicing healthy coping strategies, you will experience a reduction of anxiety/depressive symptoms and overall daily functioning will be improved. You will begin a Journey towards Joy, empowering you to live in the present moment, absorb the beauty of every day, and have gratitude for self & others.
![Photo of Vanilda Reyes de Noyes, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4589a067-3ade-42d0-b29c-5e584765a359/2/320x400.jpeg)
Vanilda Reyes de Noyes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Olmsted Falls, OH 44138
Vanilda Reyes de Noyes is a Licensed Independent Social Worker Supervisor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2007. Through her work in a variety of settings including community mental health centers, hospitals, and churches, Vanilda has seen the need to create an environment where people can experience support and healing. She is committed to having a person-centered approach to help clients meet their therapeutic goals. In her spare time, Vanilda enjoys spending time with family and friends, a good cup of coffee, weight training at the gym, reading, and going on walks.
Vanilda Reyes de Noyes is a Licensed Independent Social Worker Supervisor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2007. Through her work in a variety of settings including community mental health centers, hospitals, and churches, Vanilda has seen the need to create an environment where people can experience support and healing. She is committed to having a person-centered approach to help clients meet their therapeutic goals. In her spare time, Vanilda enjoys spending time with family and friends, a good cup of coffee, weight training at the gym, reading, and going on walks.
![Photo of Alena Phillips, LPCC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b789fffd-46ee-4e5d-8098-1750bd90043a/1/320x400.jpeg)
Alena Phillips
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Elyria, OH 44035 (Online Only)
I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider, and I work with multiple populations using an eclectic approach to therapy including CBT, TF-CBT, DBT, and multiple others.
I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider, and I work with multiple populations using an eclectic approach to therapy including CBT, TF-CBT, DBT, and multiple others.
![Photo of Julia Robinson, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/35c9b633-4ce9-4c58-8897-b564d28328c1/1/320x400.jpeg)
Julia Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oberlin, OH 44074 (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or weighed down by the past? Maybe you're grappling with anxiety, depression, burnout, or just a general sense of dissatisfaction. It also could be you’ve experienced trauma and are struggling to move forward. Either way, I’m here to help you uncover and heal those deep-seated wounds. I work with people who want to make real, lasting changes and see growth in all areas of their lives. If you're ready to explore the roots of what’s holding you back and take steps towards a more fulfilling life, let’s embark on this journey together.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or weighed down by the past? Maybe you're grappling with anxiety, depression, burnout, or just a general sense of dissatisfaction. It also could be you’ve experienced trauma and are struggling to move forward. Either way, I’m here to help you uncover and heal those deep-seated wounds. I work with people who want to make real, lasting changes and see growth in all areas of their lives. If you're ready to explore the roots of what’s holding you back and take steps towards a more fulfilling life, let’s embark on this journey together.
![Photo of Brylee Jones, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fb62e3a1-e452-4aac-b825-504052a970c6/2/320x400.jpeg)
I specialize in treatment with the LGTBQIA+ population, trauma, anxiety, depression, sports/performance anxiety, and chronic illness. I like to use an empathetic, anti-oppressive, client-centered approach to support clients toward their own identified goals. As a member of the queer community, my goal is to create a safe and affirming space for people of all sexualities, relationship types, and gender identities. I am also a former collegiate athlete, and my experience with this has allowed me to provide support to student athletes.
I specialize in treatment with the LGTBQIA+ population, trauma, anxiety, depression, sports/performance anxiety, and chronic illness. I like to use an empathetic, anti-oppressive, client-centered approach to support clients toward their own identified goals. As a member of the queer community, my goal is to create a safe and affirming space for people of all sexualities, relationship types, and gender identities. I am also a former collegiate athlete, and my experience with this has allowed me to provide support to student athletes.
See more therapy options for Grafton
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Grafton, OH
< 10
Therapists in Grafton, OH who prioritize treating:
83% | Depression |
83% | Anxiety |
83% | Trauma and PTSD |
83% | Self Esteem |
67% | Relationship Issues |
67% | Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) |
67% | Borderline Personality (BPD) |
Average years in practice
8 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
100% | Aetna |
100% | Medicaid |
100% | Medical Mutual |
How Therapists in Grafton, OH see their clients
84% | In Person and Online | |
16% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
80% | Female | |
20% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Grafton?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.