Therapists in Fairlawn, OH

Photo of McKenzie Hays, LPCC
McKenzie Hays
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
McKenzie Hays is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2020. McKenzie fully believes in working alongside clients to create meaningful change and investing in a strong therapeutic relationship. Mental health is not always one-size fits all and McKenzie is passionate about working alongside someone to find what will be uniquely helpful for that individual. She often utilizes skills and techniques from DBT, ACT and Motivation Interviewing to fully understand the person in front of her as well as assist in achieving client goals.
McKenzie Hays is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2020. McKenzie fully believes in working alongside clients to create meaningful change and investing in a strong therapeutic relationship. Mental health is not always one-size fits all and McKenzie is passionate about working alongside someone to find what will be uniquely helpful for that individual. She often utilizes skills and techniques from DBT, ACT and Motivation Interviewing to fully understand the person in front of her as well as assist in achieving client goals.
(330) 542-5861 View (330) 542-5861
Photo of Desiree Untch, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Desiree Untch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
I am a clinical social worker with a specialized focus in the treatment of OCD, anxiety, and the related disorders. As a clinician, I recognize that OCD and anxiety can often consume our thoughts and force us to avoid people, places, and things while causing us to miss out on positive life experiences.
I am a clinical social worker with a specialized focus in the treatment of OCD, anxiety, and the related disorders. As a clinician, I recognize that OCD and anxiety can often consume our thoughts and force us to avoid people, places, and things while causing us to miss out on positive life experiences.
(330) 331-6296 View (330) 331-6296
Photo of Kara Zepp, LPCC
Kara Zepp
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Kara Zepp is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. She has a Bachelors of Arts in psychology from Bowling Green State University and a Masters of Arts of Education in Marriage and Family Therapy from The University of Akron. With over four years of experience in community mental health focused working predominantly with children and adolescents. She has experience working with clients who have experienced anxiety, depression, behavior difficulties, ADHD, and life change adjustments. She has training in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT).
Kara Zepp is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. She has a Bachelors of Arts in psychology from Bowling Green State University and a Masters of Arts of Education in Marriage and Family Therapy from The University of Akron. With over four years of experience in community mental health focused working predominantly with children and adolescents. She has experience working with clients who have experienced anxiety, depression, behavior difficulties, ADHD, and life change adjustments. She has training in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT).
(330) 642-4536 View (330) 642-4536
Photo of Lindsey Bachna, MSEd, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lindsey Bachna
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSEd, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Not accepting new clients
I believe that everyone can benefit from therapy and no issue is too big or small to address. I look to create a safe and welcoming space that helps each client feel comfortable. I have experience working with adult individuals and couples as well as treating anxiety, life transitions, infidelity, and relationship issues. I believe that each client is different and that therapy should be tailored to their specific needs. My therapeutic approach is eclectic with a focus on Emotionally Focused Therapy, Structural Therapy, and Bowen’s Family System’s Approach.
I believe that everyone can benefit from therapy and no issue is too big or small to address. I look to create a safe and welcoming space that helps each client feel comfortable. I have experience working with adult individuals and couples as well as treating anxiety, life transitions, infidelity, and relationship issues. I believe that each client is different and that therapy should be tailored to their specific needs. My therapeutic approach is eclectic with a focus on Emotionally Focused Therapy, Structural Therapy, and Bowen’s Family System’s Approach.
(330) 537-1052 View (330) 537-1052
Photo of Michelle Ferrant, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Ferrant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Michelle Ferrant is a licensed clinical social worker. She earned her bachelor's degree in social work from Northwestern State University and her master's degree in social work from Louisiana State University. She has more than 20 years of clinical experience. She has advanced training in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide (CBT-S), and also uses dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). She currently provides individual and couples counseling to adults 18 to 65+.
Michelle Ferrant is a licensed clinical social worker. She earned her bachelor's degree in social work from Northwestern State University and her master's degree in social work from Louisiana State University. She has more than 20 years of clinical experience. She has advanced training in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide (CBT-S), and also uses dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). She currently provides individual and couples counseling to adults 18 to 65+.
(330) 862-9892 View (330) 862-9892
Photo of Andrea D King, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrea D King
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairlawn, OH 44333
I have immediate openings & can schedule you for next week. I am a Licensed Therapist, who specializes in providing therapy to individuals, families, & couples. I have 4 years of experience providing therapy to teens & adults, families, & couples. I have a passion for working with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief & loss, & parenting issues. I take a person-centered approach to create a welcoming environment. I believe that having a strong therapeutic relationship is the key to effective counseling. I incorporate evidenced based modalities when providing therapy services. My goal is to make a positive change in your life.
I have immediate openings & can schedule you for next week. I am a Licensed Therapist, who specializes in providing therapy to individuals, families, & couples. I have 4 years of experience providing therapy to teens & adults, families, & couples. I have a passion for working with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief & loss, & parenting issues. I take a person-centered approach to create a welcoming environment. I believe that having a strong therapeutic relationship is the key to effective counseling. I incorporate evidenced based modalities when providing therapy services. My goal is to make a positive change in your life.
(330) 427-4145 View (330) 427-4145
Photo of Tianyi Bai, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tianyi Bai
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
I have immediate openings for adolescents, adults, families, & couples who are in need of therapy services. I am a dedicated Licensed Social Worker with a passion for helping individuals from all walks of life overcome their challenges. I firmly believe in the power of building strong and trusting relationships with my clients. I understand that genuine connections are fundamental to facilitating positive and lasting changes in your life. Through empathy and active listening, I create a safe & supportive space where individuals can freely explore their concerns and collaboratively work towards achieving your goals.
I have immediate openings for adolescents, adults, families, & couples who are in need of therapy services. I am a dedicated Licensed Social Worker with a passion for helping individuals from all walks of life overcome their challenges. I firmly believe in the power of building strong and trusting relationships with my clients. I understand that genuine connections are fundamental to facilitating positive and lasting changes in your life. Through empathy and active listening, I create a safe & supportive space where individuals can freely explore their concerns and collaboratively work towards achieving your goals.
(330) 862-9367 View (330) 862-9367
Photo of Leighann Karrip, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leighann Karrip
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Leighann is a Licensed Independent Social Worker with more than three years of experience in direct practice. She graduated from Ohio University in 2018 with a Bachelor in Social Work degree. In 2019 she graduated from Case Western Reserve University with a Master of Science in Social Administration degree with focuses in Direct Practice in Mental Health in Adults. Leighann uses Trauma informed CBT, Solution Focused Therapy, Strength Focused Therapy, and Mindfulness as main approaches. She is a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. Her main areas of focus include Trauma/PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, and Women's Issues.
Leighann is a Licensed Independent Social Worker with more than three years of experience in direct practice. She graduated from Ohio University in 2018 with a Bachelor in Social Work degree. In 2019 she graduated from Case Western Reserve University with a Master of Science in Social Administration degree with focuses in Direct Practice in Mental Health in Adults. Leighann uses Trauma informed CBT, Solution Focused Therapy, Strength Focused Therapy, and Mindfulness as main approaches. She is a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. Her main areas of focus include Trauma/PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, and Women's Issues.
(330) 594-9735 View (330) 594-9735
Photo of Capri Cafaro, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Capri Cafaro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
I am a licensed social worker who has worked in a variety of settings to empower and support vulnerable populations. I trained in the neonatal intensive care unit of my local Level One trauma center in NEO helping parents navigate the care needs of their new child as well as their own physical and behavioral health needs. My training also includes working with patients at the Columbus Free Clinic, women in transitional supportive housing and survivors of domestic violence. I have extensive experience in helping guide individuals through complex social safety net programs and providing referrals to community support agencies.
I am a licensed social worker who has worked in a variety of settings to empower and support vulnerable populations. I trained in the neonatal intensive care unit of my local Level One trauma center in NEO helping parents navigate the care needs of their new child as well as their own physical and behavioral health needs. My training also includes working with patients at the Columbus Free Clinic, women in transitional supportive housing and survivors of domestic violence. I have extensive experience in helping guide individuals through complex social safety net programs and providing referrals to community support agencies.
(330) 975-2065 View (330) 975-2065
Photo of Genaye Ladousier, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Genaye Ladousier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Genaye Ladousier is a licensed independent social worker with twelve years of social service, case management and clinical experience. She earned her bachelor's degree in Child and Adolescent Development from California State University, Northridge and her master's degree in Social Work from California State University, Chico. She has advanced training in trauma therapy. As a certified yoga instructor, Genaye also offers a holistic approach to achieving balance between the mind and body.
Genaye Ladousier is a licensed independent social worker with twelve years of social service, case management and clinical experience. She earned her bachelor's degree in Child and Adolescent Development from California State University, Northridge and her master's degree in Social Work from California State University, Chico. She has advanced training in trauma therapy. As a certified yoga instructor, Genaye also offers a holistic approach to achieving balance between the mind and body.
(330) 302-2680 View (330) 302-2680
Photo of Barbara Hofelich, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara Hofelich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
I graduated from The Ohio State University with my Master's Degree in Social Work in 2001. I have practiced in Northeast Ohio since. During my career, I have had the pleasure of working with children, children & families, and adults with many mental health or life challenges. I have practiced at Lifestance since 2017, after having had worked for many years in community mental health and agencies serving the severely mentally ill. I have also taught the parenting classes for Domestic Relations Court, for parents who are divorcing of unmarried parents. I also have developed several areas of specialties during my years in social work.
I graduated from The Ohio State University with my Master's Degree in Social Work in 2001. I have practiced in Northeast Ohio since. During my career, I have had the pleasure of working with children, children & families, and adults with many mental health or life challenges. I have practiced at Lifestance since 2017, after having had worked for many years in community mental health and agencies serving the severely mentally ill. I have also taught the parenting classes for Domestic Relations Court, for parents who are divorcing of unmarried parents. I also have developed several areas of specialties during my years in social work.
(330) 621-5926 View (330) 621-5926
Photo of Danielle S Rice, MEd, LPCC-s, Counselor
Danielle S Rice
Counselor, MEd, LPCC-s
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairlawn, OH 44333
If you have made it this far, give yourself a pat on the back for taking the first steps towards a healthy mental health. I enjoy getting to know my clients in order to further understand their needs and stressors. I feel as though a client and therapist should build a good rapport while also dealing with issues as they surface. Clients who have reached this point are the ideal clients for me. I want to assist you in achieving your goals through brief, client centered therapy, while using motivational interviewing techniques, cognitive behavioral therapy, and always discussing the solution and goals at hand.
If you have made it this far, give yourself a pat on the back for taking the first steps towards a healthy mental health. I enjoy getting to know my clients in order to further understand their needs and stressors. I feel as though a client and therapist should build a good rapport while also dealing with issues as they surface. Clients who have reached this point are the ideal clients for me. I want to assist you in achieving your goals through brief, client centered therapy, while using motivational interviewing techniques, cognitive behavioral therapy, and always discussing the solution and goals at hand.
(330) 222-3818 View (330) 222-3818
Photo of Paula S. Ignizio, LPCC-S, LICDC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Paula S. Ignizio
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LPCC-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Paula Ignizio is a licensed professional clinical counselor and a licensed independent chemical dependency counselor. She received her bachelor's degree in psychology and master's degree in mental health counseling from Walden University. She has more than five years of clinical experience in community mental health, providing individual and group therapy to individuals ages 18+. Her areas of specialty include trauma, substance use disorders, process addiction (gambling, sex, internet, gaming, pornography, work, spending/shopping), LGBTQI issues and life transitions.
Paula Ignizio is a licensed professional clinical counselor and a licensed independent chemical dependency counselor. She received her bachelor's degree in psychology and master's degree in mental health counseling from Walden University. She has more than five years of clinical experience in community mental health, providing individual and group therapy to individuals ages 18+. Her areas of specialty include trauma, substance use disorders, process addiction (gambling, sex, internet, gaming, pornography, work, spending/shopping), LGBTQI issues and life transitions.
(330) 859-4229 View (330) 859-4229
Photo of Maria Wentz, LPCC, PMH-C
Maria Wentz
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Anxiety, grief and loss, pregnancy/postpartum, trauma, OCD, depression, stress overload, self-esteem, and coping with life transitions---These are a few of the issues that I love exploring with clients. My style is to listen intently and form strong collaborative connections. (My clients have described me as “warm and caring.”) I will partner with you as we dig into patterns and problems to help get to the root of your concerns. Through this process I will help you gain insights and learn how to get unstuck, leading to healing and growth.
Anxiety, grief and loss, pregnancy/postpartum, trauma, OCD, depression, stress overload, self-esteem, and coping with life transitions---These are a few of the issues that I love exploring with clients. My style is to listen intently and form strong collaborative connections. (My clients have described me as “warm and caring.”) I will partner with you as we dig into patterns and problems to help get to the root of your concerns. Through this process I will help you gain insights and learn how to get unstuck, leading to healing and growth.
(234) 200-5762 View (234) 200-5762
Photo of Stephanie Mcilvaine, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Mcilvaine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Waitlist for new clients
I have been working with individuals coping with grief, trauma and anxiety for 20 +years and recognize the difficulty the toll takes on the body and mind. I use a blend of biofeedback, EMDR, cognitive therapy and neurofeedback to alleviate symptoms and to build your strengths. However, the most important information for you to know is that it is not too late to find relief.
I have been working with individuals coping with grief, trauma and anxiety for 20 +years and recognize the difficulty the toll takes on the body and mind. I use a blend of biofeedback, EMDR, cognitive therapy and neurofeedback to alleviate symptoms and to build your strengths. However, the most important information for you to know is that it is not too late to find relief.
(330) 227-6049 View (330) 227-6049
Photo of Linda Limburg, MAEd, LPCC-S, Counselor
Linda Limburg
Counselor, MAEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Linda Limburg, LPCC, CDCA, is dedicated to helping individuals in Ohio navigate their mental health challenges with compassion and expertise. Her clientcentered approach allows her to connect deeply with those she works with, offering a supportive environment where individuals can explore a wide range of issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, and trauma. By integrating strengthbased techniques with a focus on individual needs, Linda helps her clients build resilience and achieve their personal goals.
Linda Limburg, LPCC, CDCA, is dedicated to helping individuals in Ohio navigate their mental health challenges with compassion and expertise. Her clientcentered approach allows her to connect deeply with those she works with, offering a supportive environment where individuals can explore a wide range of issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, and trauma. By integrating strengthbased techniques with a focus on individual needs, Linda helps her clients build resilience and achieve their personal goals.
(844) 233-3895 View (844) 233-3895
Photo of Ilona Pon - ip.counseling, MEd, LPCC, EMDR
ip.counseling
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor , MEd, LPCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Empathetic. Direct. Professional. Supportive. 170+ cases of healed clients. "A journey of 1000 miles must begin with a single step." Thank you for stopping- this is your safe space. Therapy is a very personal experience, so it’s important that you feel comfortable with your therapist. Probably, you experience some stress, sadness, relationship difficulties, trauma, or maybe you just need to talk to someone. You might want to learn how to manage your anxiety more effectively, or you may want to learn to regulate your mood, and I am here to help and support you in accomplishing your goals.
Empathetic. Direct. Professional. Supportive. 170+ cases of healed clients. "A journey of 1000 miles must begin with a single step." Thank you for stopping- this is your safe space. Therapy is a very personal experience, so it’s important that you feel comfortable with your therapist. Probably, you experience some stress, sadness, relationship difficulties, trauma, or maybe you just need to talk to someone. You might want to learn how to manage your anxiety more effectively, or you may want to learn to regulate your mood, and I am here to help and support you in accomplishing your goals.
(234) 206-4967 View (234) 206-4967
Photo of McKenzie Hays - LifeStance Health, LPCC
LifeStance Health
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
(844) 671-0369 View (844) 671-0369
Photo of Lanaya McDonald, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lanaya McDonald
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333  (Online Only)
Thank you for taking the time to review my profile. I have a passion for helping people. I became a therapist to help and encourage people. I have a wide variety of experience. I worked in community health for several years. During that time, I saw a multitude up clients with a variety of issues to include but not limited to addiction, depression, bi - polar disorder, and many others. I provided care inpatient and outpatient and ran many different types of groups for adults and children. I worked with children and families on our juvenile unit as well.
Thank you for taking the time to review my profile. I have a passion for helping people. I became a therapist to help and encourage people. I have a wide variety of experience. I worked in community health for several years. During that time, I saw a multitude up clients with a variety of issues to include but not limited to addiction, depression, bi - polar disorder, and many others. I provided care inpatient and outpatient and ran many different types of groups for adults and children. I worked with children and families on our juvenile unit as well.
(330) 366-1893 View (330) 366-1893
Photo of Barbara Elaine Vetter, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Barbara Elaine Vetter
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fairlawn, OH 44333
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor available for individual as well as marital and family counseling. My background covers a diverse career scope which includes extensive experience in healing the wounded soul. I have been married for 31 years and have 2 children. My counseling orientation ranges from assisting you in exploring issues through Narrative Therapy or educational training through Cognitive Behavioral Techniques. Or for those who desire to explore deep emotional issues, I have been thoroughly trained in "Inner healing" techniques to aid in processing events to as deep a level as you desire to journey.
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor available for individual as well as marital and family counseling. My background covers a diverse career scope which includes extensive experience in healing the wounded soul. I have been married for 31 years and have 2 children. My counseling orientation ranges from assisting you in exploring issues through Narrative Therapy or educational training through Cognitive Behavioral Techniques. Or for those who desire to explore deep emotional issues, I have been thoroughly trained in "Inner healing" techniques to aid in processing events to as deep a level as you desire to journey.
(330) 591-4978 View (330) 591-4978
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fairlawn, OH

70+

Average cost per session

$115

Therapists in Fairlawn, OH who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Trauma and PTSD
74% Grief
66% Relationship Issues
66% Self Esteem
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Cigna and Evernorth
83% Aetna
81% Medical Mutual

How Therapists in Fairlawn, OH see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fairlawn?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.