Photo of Jeffrey Smart, MS, LPCC-S, LICDC, Counselor
Jeffrey Smart
Counselor, MS, LPCC-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45410  (Online Only)
Jeffrey’s focus is on a variety of life issues that impede the unique potential of the individual. These include substance abuse and dependency, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder, anxiety, depression, and trauma as well as major life events that happen to us all. Jeffrey works with people from all walks of life including children, couples, and adults. His approach to counseling is person centered / existential and is concerned primarily with a person’s goals, aspirations, and realization of meaning. Jeffrey views life “problems” not as impediments to attaining goals but as opportunities.
Jeffrey’s focus is on a variety of life issues that impede the unique potential of the individual. These include substance abuse and dependency, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder, anxiety, depression, and trauma as well as major life events that happen to us all. Jeffrey works with people from all walks of life including children, couples, and adults. His approach to counseling is person centered / existential and is concerned primarily with a person’s goals, aspirations, and realization of meaning. Jeffrey views life “problems” not as impediments to attaining goals but as opportunities.
(937) 400-1790 View (937) 400-1790
Photo of Tracy Wheeler, LISW-S, MSW, LICDC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tracy Wheeler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, MSW, LICDC
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45405
I assist clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression and want to bring about change in their lives. I help clients who want to find a balance and stability within themselves to learn and reconnect to a more desired life.
I assist clients who struggle with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression and want to bring about change in their lives. I help clients who want to find a balance and stability within themselves to learn and reconnect to a more desired life.
(380) 201-9410 View (380) 201-9410
Photo of Wendy Halverson, MSE, LPCC-S, Counselor
Wendy Halverson
Counselor, MSE, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dayton, OH 45459  (Online Only)
Some interventions I use are Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Strength Based Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Psychoeducation, Trauma Therapy (Level 2), Bibliotherapy (great books to read if you are interested), Solution Focused Therapy, and Interpersonal Relationship Therapy.
Reaching out for counseling can be life changing. My goal is to help my clients trust in their strengths and build up their resilience by learning new coping techniques. Life can be messy and hurtful; that's where counseling comes in. In counseling we look into various aspects of your life and talk about it. Often clients find an outside perspective by a licensed counselor is helpful. Learning new techniques to manage relationships, stress (including family, school, and work), depression, anxiety, and overall life might lead to a new outlook on life; a life you might be able to enjoy.
Some interventions I use are Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Strength Based Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Psychoeducation, Trauma Therapy (Level 2), Bibliotherapy (great books to read if you are interested), Solution Focused Therapy, and Interpersonal Relationship Therapy.
Reaching out for counseling can be life changing. My goal is to help my clients trust in their strengths and build up their resilience by learning new coping techniques. Life can be messy and hurtful; that's where counseling comes in. In counseling we look into various aspects of your life and talk about it. Often clients find an outside perspective by a licensed counselor is helpful. Learning new techniques to manage relationships, stress (including family, school, and work), depression, anxiety, and overall life might lead to a new outlook on life; a life you might be able to enjoy.
(937) 468-4882 View (937) 468-4882
Photo of Frances M Duncan, MSSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Frances M Duncan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dayton, OH 45406
I have extensive training and expertise in the treatment of trauma, including sexual abuse.
I feel it is important to offer expert quality care that is compassionate, and tailored to each person's uniqueness as an individual. I have 33 years of clinical experience working with children, teens, families, and adults facing various life challenges. Time passes quickly. We often spend our days unhappy, and stressed. Sometimes it can be difficult to see beyond the hardships, and realize what matters most to us. If you can't change a situation, change your perspective.
I have extensive training and expertise in the treatment of trauma, including sexual abuse.
I feel it is important to offer expert quality care that is compassionate, and tailored to each person's uniqueness as an individual. I have 33 years of clinical experience working with children, teens, families, and adults facing various life challenges. Time passes quickly. We often spend our days unhappy, and stressed. Sometimes it can be difficult to see beyond the hardships, and realize what matters most to us. If you can't change a situation, change your perspective.
(937) 210-4625 View (937) 210-4625
Photo of Amy Weller, MA , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Weller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPC
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45405
I am passionate about trauma, depression, anxiety, LGBQT concerns, personality disorders, and neurodivergence. An ideal client is an individual who has a growth mindset and explores their thoughts and feelings and how they impact their behavior. They may not understand how those thoughts derived from past experiences, but they are willing to open old wounds given the right tools. They feel safe and secure and want to heal through hard work and determination.
I am passionate about trauma, depression, anxiety, LGBQT concerns, personality disorders, and neurodivergence. An ideal client is an individual who has a growth mindset and explores their thoughts and feelings and how they impact their behavior. They may not understand how those thoughts derived from past experiences, but they are willing to open old wounds given the right tools. They feel safe and secure and want to heal through hard work and determination.
(937) 806-4982 View (937) 806-4982
Photo of Rebekah Fink, LPCC-S
Rebekah Fink
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45405
Are you suffering from trauma & finding it holding you back from living your true, authentic life? From my experience, I can see how challenging a Borderline Personality Disorder diagnosis can be on a person, & working with someone open to learning new skills to manage it better can be very rewarding! I enjoy working with people who are suffering from anxiety or depressive disorder as I have seen the progress my clients have made in those areas & I love to watch them start to live a more satisfying life. I am here to assist with any life transitions, relationship issues, grief, or OCD/phobias that are preventing you from your goals.
Are you suffering from trauma & finding it holding you back from living your true, authentic life? From my experience, I can see how challenging a Borderline Personality Disorder diagnosis can be on a person, & working with someone open to learning new skills to manage it better can be very rewarding! I enjoy working with people who are suffering from anxiety or depressive disorder as I have seen the progress my clients have made in those areas & I love to watch them start to live a more satisfying life. I am here to assist with any life transitions, relationship issues, grief, or OCD/phobias that are preventing you from your goals.
(937) 834-8261 View (937) 834-8261
Photo of Rebecca Lynn Tuck, MA, LPCC-s, LICDC
Rebecca Lynn Tuck
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-s, LICDC
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45459
Issues and concerns Rebecca can address include couples with trauma and affairs, addictions, and relational conflict and distress. Rebecca can assist couples with discernment counseling in which one or both partners are unsure if they want to stay in the relationship. Rebecca treats individuals with a history of developmental trauma, individuals struggling with depression, anxiety and PTSD.
Issues and concerns Rebecca can address include couples with trauma and affairs, addictions, and relational conflict and distress. Rebecca can assist couples with discernment counseling in which one or both partners are unsure if they want to stay in the relationship. Rebecca treats individuals with a history of developmental trauma, individuals struggling with depression, anxiety and PTSD.
(937) 858-1886 View (937) 858-1886
Photo of Lorey Ann Simons, MS, LPCC-S
Lorey Ann Simons
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor , MS, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45400
"I have worked, successfully, with individuals who are dealing with trauma and the anxiety that so often accompanies such trauma.
" I am a non-judgmental, open-minded therapist who believes that each client is an individual who deserves respect and unconditional regard for their life experiences. I engage in utilization of client centered therapy that allows the client to direct and feel more involved in the therapeutic process. This allows me to connect with the client and, together, develop a treatment plan that will help them to foster the skills that they feel they need to achieve the goals that they have set forth."
"I have worked, successfully, with individuals who are dealing with trauma and the anxiety that so often accompanies such trauma.
" I am a non-judgmental, open-minded therapist who believes that each client is an individual who deserves respect and unconditional regard for their life experiences. I engage in utilization of client centered therapy that allows the client to direct and feel more involved in the therapeutic process. This allows me to connect with the client and, together, develop a treatment plan that will help them to foster the skills that they feel they need to achieve the goals that they have set forth."
(937) 523-0444 View (937) 523-0444
Photo of Iris Marie Blanchard - Mindful Soul Therapeutic Solutions LLC, MA, LPCC, LICDC, SAP
Mindful Soul Therapeutic Solutions LLC
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, LICDC, SAP
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45418
We are highly experienced and empathetic therapists that offer a holistic therapeutic approach in a straightforward, compassionate, non-judgmental and supportive environment. Our approach integrates the mind, body and spirit. We work collaboratively with individuals to discard their unconscious, inauthentic self and move to a place of empowerment and balance. We focus on the effects that generational trauma, cultural/systemic oppression and environmental interactions have on the overall emotional well-being of children and families, adolescents, and adults.
We are highly experienced and empathetic therapists that offer a holistic therapeutic approach in a straightforward, compassionate, non-judgmental and supportive environment. Our approach integrates the mind, body and spirit. We work collaboratively with individuals to discard their unconscious, inauthentic self and move to a place of empowerment and balance. We focus on the effects that generational trauma, cultural/systemic oppression and environmental interactions have on the overall emotional well-being of children and families, adolescents, and adults.
(937) 529-0587 View (937) 529-0587
Photo of Paula Long, LISW-S, DARTT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paula Long
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, DARTT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dayton, OH 45458
I have had numerous trauma trainings and am a Developmental and Relational Trauma Therapist.
Anxiety, shame, depression, substance use, and relationship stress are some of the most common impacts of trauma. Whether this came from childhood abuse or neglect or a traumatic event in your adult life, you may be left feeling insecure, sad, fearful, angry, unloved, and unworthy. You may feel there is no one who would understand or who could help you. I want you to know that you are not alone and there is help available! I would be honored to come along side you during your journey to find peace and healing. I will provide a compassionate, empathetic space to listen to your story. Every story matters!
I have had numerous trauma trainings and am a Developmental and Relational Trauma Therapist.
Anxiety, shame, depression, substance use, and relationship stress are some of the most common impacts of trauma. Whether this came from childhood abuse or neglect or a traumatic event in your adult life, you may be left feeling insecure, sad, fearful, angry, unloved, and unworthy. You may feel there is no one who would understand or who could help you. I want you to know that you are not alone and there is help available! I would be honored to come along side you during your journey to find peace and healing. I will provide a compassionate, empathetic space to listen to your story. Every story matters!
(937) 807-4327 View (937) 807-4327
Photo of Ciara Bobbitt, LPCC-S, LICDC-C, CCTP II, CFTP, Counselor
Ciara Bobbitt
Counselor, LPCC-S, LICDC-C, CCTP II, CFTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dayton, OH 45440  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! My name is Ciara Bobbitt and I have 10 years of experience in both addiction and mental health therapy, specializing in PTSD/Trauma, Conflict Resolution, and Chemical Dependency. I am EMDR trained (pursuing certification in Ohio).
Hello! My name is Ciara Bobbitt and I have 10 years of experience in both addiction and mental health therapy, specializing in PTSD/Trauma, Conflict Resolution, and Chemical Dependency. I am EMDR trained (pursuing certification in Ohio).
(937) 821-8498 View (937) 821-8498
Photo of Katie Allison, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie Allison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45401  (Online Only)
I offer 30 minute and 1-hour sessions via telehealth so that you are able to engage in therapy from the convenience of your home! My specialties include PTSD, depression, anxiety and stress, school-related challenges, phase of life issues, OCD, and anger control issues.
Hello there! My name is Katie and I'm a licensed professional counselor in the state of Ohio. I have a passion for working with individuals of all ages who are struggling with, but not limited to; stress and anxiety, depression, OCD, self-esteem, and other phase of life issues. My approach to therapy involves utilizing Person-Centered Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to create an environment of problem-solving by building on personal interests and strengths. However, I adapt my approaches to best suit the needs of my clients!
I offer 30 minute and 1-hour sessions via telehealth so that you are able to engage in therapy from the convenience of your home! My specialties include PTSD, depression, anxiety and stress, school-related challenges, phase of life issues, OCD, and anger control issues.
Hello there! My name is Katie and I'm a licensed professional counselor in the state of Ohio. I have a passion for working with individuals of all ages who are struggling with, but not limited to; stress and anxiety, depression, OCD, self-esteem, and other phase of life issues. My approach to therapy involves utilizing Person-Centered Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to create an environment of problem-solving by building on personal interests and strengths. However, I adapt my approaches to best suit the needs of my clients!
(513) 596-6535 View (513) 596-6535
Photo of Anessa Gilbride, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anessa Gilbride
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dayton, OH 45424
I've had extensive training in various modalities, including traditional talk therapy, trauma-informed and trauma-focused therapy, CBT, play and sand therapy, and am EMDR trained as well.
—Available with NO Waiting List at this time! Taking the leap to begin therapy can sometimes feel overwhelming. My goal is to provide a caring, accepting environment for my clients to feel safe, valued and heard. Through compassion, I approach counseling by viewing each client as an individual, investing time to understand what shapes them and their stories. My collaborative style invites my clients to be partners in identifying and reaching goals in their journey to change.
I've had extensive training in various modalities, including traditional talk therapy, trauma-informed and trauma-focused therapy, CBT, play and sand therapy, and am EMDR trained as well.
—Available with NO Waiting List at this time! Taking the leap to begin therapy can sometimes feel overwhelming. My goal is to provide a caring, accepting environment for my clients to feel safe, valued and heard. Through compassion, I approach counseling by viewing each client as an individual, investing time to understand what shapes them and their stories. My collaborative style invites my clients to be partners in identifying and reaching goals in their journey to change.
(937) 870-1078 View (937) 870-1078
Photo of Karla Lebron - Karla Lebron/ Sanos Counseling, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karla Lebron/ Sanos Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dayton, OH 45390  (Online Only)
We are currently accepting new clients (morning, evenings, weekend). We have immediate availability. We are trained in Trauma-Informed Care and support clients through life’s difficult challenges. We work with people that are experiencing relationship issues, anxiety, depression, pregnancy/ prenatal/ postpartum, life transitions stress, trauma, low self-esteem, codependency, grief, among others.
We are currently accepting new clients (morning, evenings, weekend). We have immediate availability. We are trained in Trauma-Informed Care and support clients through life’s difficult challenges. We work with people that are experiencing relationship issues, anxiety, depression, pregnancy/ prenatal/ postpartum, life transitions stress, trauma, low self-esteem, codependency, grief, among others.
(380) 207-9829 View (380) 207-9829
Photo of Kim Kostelnik - Courageous Counseling LLC, LCSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Courageous Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dayton, OH 45390  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker for the state of Ohio and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional.
Hello! I am so glad you are here! You are courageous for taking the first step on improving your life! My approach to therapy is reflective of a Strengths Based model and is client centered. You know your story best! I develop solution focused goals with my clients and prioritize what they feel is most important in developing a treatment plan. Some therapies I use include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Therapy, Grief Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy and IFS and Christian counseling. My goal is to offer interventions to allow you to be the best version of yourself. You are the author of your story!
I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker for the state of Ohio and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional.
Hello! I am so glad you are here! You are courageous for taking the first step on improving your life! My approach to therapy is reflective of a Strengths Based model and is client centered. You know your story best! I develop solution focused goals with my clients and prioritize what they feel is most important in developing a treatment plan. Some therapies I use include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Therapy, Grief Therapy, Acceptance & Commitment Therapy and IFS and Christian counseling. My goal is to offer interventions to allow you to be the best version of yourself. You are the author of your story!
(380) 201-9674 View (380) 201-9674
Photo of Holly D. Karban, MS, LPC, CCTS, Counselor
Holly D. Karban
Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTS
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45402
Specializations include teens/young adults, trauma, and uplifting/empowering women.
Congratulations on taking the first step towards positive change. Please know that I appreciate & respect clients from all walks of life, regardless of age, race, sexuality, socioeconomic background, ethnicity, & religion. I welcome children, adolescents, adults, traditional & modern families/couples. Because therapy is not “one size fits all,” I utilize more of an eclectic approach to the process, and treat every client as the unique individual that YOU are.
Specializations include teens/young adults, trauma, and uplifting/empowering women.
Congratulations on taking the first step towards positive change. Please know that I appreciate & respect clients from all walks of life, regardless of age, race, sexuality, socioeconomic background, ethnicity, & religion. I welcome children, adolescents, adults, traditional & modern families/couples. Because therapy is not “one size fits all,” I utilize more of an eclectic approach to the process, and treat every client as the unique individual that YOU are.
(937) 410-0519 View (937) 410-0519
Photo of Lisa Collins, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Collins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45458  (Online Only)
I have worked with clients with anxiety, depression, alcohol/drug issues or those affected by someone’s addiction, trauma/grief, obsessive-compulsive, bipolar, eating disorders, relationship difficulties, coping skills, anger management, parenting and adjustment issues.
Reaching out for help takes a lot of courage and insight. I am here to help. I have worked in the counseling field for the last 20 years in private practice, treatment centers and in Higher Education. I enjoy helping others work through life situations and difficulties to regain their sense of self and worth. I utilize the treatment modality that fits your personality and comfort level. I bring with me a wealth of knowledge, empathy and a belief that no situation is hopeless.
I have worked with clients with anxiety, depression, alcohol/drug issues or those affected by someone’s addiction, trauma/grief, obsessive-compulsive, bipolar, eating disorders, relationship difficulties, coping skills, anger management, parenting and adjustment issues.
Reaching out for help takes a lot of courage and insight. I am here to help. I have worked in the counseling field for the last 20 years in private practice, treatment centers and in Higher Education. I enjoy helping others work through life situations and difficulties to regain their sense of self and worth. I utilize the treatment modality that fits your personality and comfort level. I bring with me a wealth of knowledge, empathy and a belief that no situation is hopeless.
(937) 807-3505 View (937) 807-3505
Photo of Ashley B Rees, MS, LPCC, Counselor
Ashley B Rees
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45459
I have experience with individuals, couples, and families who have experienced a variety of concerns, including depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, life-transitions, behavioral problems, communication issues, conflicts with self-esteem, grief and loss, and other varying issues.
Currently accepting new clients. Seeking help can be overwhelming and is a process that requires courage and strength. Vulnerability can be scary, but it can also be the catalyst for growth and help us live out the most authentic version of ourselves. I am passionate about helping others live happier, healthier, and more productive lives. I practice with the belief that people are capable of more than they think and that everyone has the capacity to change. Although people may come to therapy to address a variety of concerns, the overall goal is to live a more successful life.
I have experience with individuals, couples, and families who have experienced a variety of concerns, including depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, life-transitions, behavioral problems, communication issues, conflicts with self-esteem, grief and loss, and other varying issues.
Currently accepting new clients. Seeking help can be overwhelming and is a process that requires courage and strength. Vulnerability can be scary, but it can also be the catalyst for growth and help us live out the most authentic version of ourselves. I am passionate about helping others live happier, healthier, and more productive lives. I practice with the belief that people are capable of more than they think and that everyone has the capacity to change. Although people may come to therapy to address a variety of concerns, the overall goal is to live a more successful life.
(937) 947-3197 View (937) 947-3197
Photo of Aparna A. Zimmerman, PsyD, Psychologist
Aparna A. Zimmerman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dayton, OH 45459
Our team has experience working with adolescents and adults treating Anxiety, Depression, Grief, Trauma/abuse, GLBTQ, Self esteem, relationship/couples issues, and personality issues.
Psychotherapy is a healing process. We believe in creating a supportive, empathic environment to allow you to begin your journey. We can help foster insight, knowledge and skills to help improve your quality of life. The process of change begins from within. We can help you progress through your stages of change by teaching you skills, providing support and motivation to help you reach your goals and maintain these changes. We strongly believe in the self and one's inner ability to restore any imbalance to help live a more meaningful and purposeful life.
Our team has experience working with adolescents and adults treating Anxiety, Depression, Grief, Trauma/abuse, GLBTQ, Self esteem, relationship/couples issues, and personality issues.
Psychotherapy is a healing process. We believe in creating a supportive, empathic environment to allow you to begin your journey. We can help foster insight, knowledge and skills to help improve your quality of life. The process of change begins from within. We can help you progress through your stages of change by teaching you skills, providing support and motivation to help you reach your goals and maintain these changes. We strongly believe in the self and one's inner ability to restore any imbalance to help live a more meaningful and purposeful life.
(937) 684-4161 View (937) 684-4161
Photo of Despina George Costandinidis, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Despina George Costandinidis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45420
Accepting New Patients!!! Madeline Albright said, "It took a long time for me to develop a voice and now that I have it, I am not going to be silent." If you are looking to develop your voice and sense of self while overcoming the pain of trauma, I am here to help. Many times, we as women don't use our voice for fear of not being believed, heard, or understood. We keep our pain inside, and it's not healthy.
Accepting New Patients!!! Madeline Albright said, "It took a long time for me to develop a voice and now that I have it, I am not going to be silent." If you are looking to develop your voice and sense of self while overcoming the pain of trauma, I am here to help. Many times, we as women don't use our voice for fear of not being believed, heard, or understood. We keep our pain inside, and it's not healthy.
(937) 669-7482 x1 View (937) 669-7482 x1
1
Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.