Depression Therapists in Cuyahoga Falls, OH

Photo of Kimberlee Barrella, MEd, LPCC-S
Kimberlee Barrella
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
I have a soft spot for working with adolescents and young adults, especially young women and individuals from the LGBTQ+ community. We collaboratively work together to identify goals and to create a plan to move toward them. In counseling, we work on enhancing self-esteem, self-worth, and independence by targeting negative beliefs. Clients and I have worked through a host of concerns including anxiety, depression, OCD, adjusting through life transitions, breakups, and identity issues.
I have a soft spot for working with adolescents and young adults, especially young women and individuals from the LGBTQ+ community. We collaboratively work together to identify goals and to create a plan to move toward them. In counseling, we work on enhancing self-esteem, self-worth, and independence by targeting negative beliefs. Clients and I have worked through a host of concerns including anxiety, depression, OCD, adjusting through life transitions, breakups, and identity issues.
(234) 230-1889 View (234) 230-1889
Photo of Libby Bauman, LPCC
Libby Bauman
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44223
My name is Libby and I am a licensed professional clinical counselor (LPCC). I have experience working with individuals, children, adolescents, families, and groups, as well as with a variety of concerns, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, family conflict, behavior challenges, grief, social skills, and self-esteem. It is important to me to provide trauma-informed, culturally competent care.
My name is Libby and I am a licensed professional clinical counselor (LPCC). I have experience working with individuals, children, adolescents, families, and groups, as well as with a variety of concerns, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, OCD, family conflict, behavior challenges, grief, social skills, and self-esteem. It is important to me to provide trauma-informed, culturally competent care.
(330) 919-5579 View (330) 919-5579
Photo of Jamie Lizak, MA, LPCC-S, Counselor
Jamie Lizak
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
Are you looking to make a change, but aren't sure where to begin? Maybe you're wanting to improve your relationships, navigate a life transition, better understand your emotions, or learn new ways to cope with depression or anxiety. You do not have to embark on this journey alone, connecting with a counselor is a great place to start. I believe that we flourish when we find relationships that empower us to embrace ourselves fully, challenge us when we're stuck, and honor our unique perspectives.
Are you looking to make a change, but aren't sure where to begin? Maybe you're wanting to improve your relationships, navigate a life transition, better understand your emotions, or learn new ways to cope with depression or anxiety. You do not have to embark on this journey alone, connecting with a counselor is a great place to start. I believe that we flourish when we find relationships that empower us to embrace ourselves fully, challenge us when we're stuck, and honor our unique perspectives.
(234) 235-3661 View (234) 235-3661
Photo of Michael Murray, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Murray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
Accepting new clients Monday-Thursday, offering day time openings, in person and telehealth for all Ohio residents. Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, identity issues, or relationship issues? Do you feel exhausted, confused, or lost just trying to get through the day when it seems so easy for everyone else? Do you hope that your life could be better? Now more than ever, many people are feeling overwhelmed with anxiety and depression about trauma, grief, or simply finding their identity which makes them feel fulfilled.
Accepting new clients Monday-Thursday, offering day time openings, in person and telehealth for all Ohio residents. Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, identity issues, or relationship issues? Do you feel exhausted, confused, or lost just trying to get through the day when it seems so easy for everyone else? Do you hope that your life could be better? Now more than ever, many people are feeling overwhelmed with anxiety and depression about trauma, grief, or simply finding their identity which makes them feel fulfilled.
(234) 540-2370 View (234) 540-2370
Photo of Laurie A Spenik, MSW, LISW-S, EMDR, CIT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laurie A Spenik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, EMDR, CIT
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, substance use, or have daily life challenges, I am here to help you learn how to be your best self! Life presents many challenges and never be afraid to ask for help. Many children and adults have struggled due to social isolation, due to COVID. Many of my current clients have struggled with addiction, depression, and anxiety because of past trauma. It may be sexual abuse as a child, witnessing violence, being involved in an accident, struggling just to get out of bed for the day. Don't give up on yourself, you deserve to live your best life. Just remember today is the day!
Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, substance use, or have daily life challenges, I am here to help you learn how to be your best self! Life presents many challenges and never be afraid to ask for help. Many children and adults have struggled due to social isolation, due to COVID. Many of my current clients have struggled with addiction, depression, and anxiety because of past trauma. It may be sexual abuse as a child, witnessing violence, being involved in an accident, struggling just to get out of bed for the day. Don't give up on yourself, you deserve to live your best life. Just remember today is the day!
(330) 304-4531 View (330) 304-4531
Photo of Marysa Williams, PsyD, Psychologist
Marysa Williams
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
Dr. Williams provides therapeutic services to children, adolescents, adults, caregivers and families exhibiting a diversity of emotional and behavioral health concerns, including but not limited to, depression, self-esteem, anger, anxiety, divorce, adjustment disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder/trauma, ADHD, learning disorders, behavioral disorders, and parent/caregiver concerns. Dr. Williams strives to build hope and resilience in her clients, while working collaboratively and fostering independence so that her clients no longer need the support of therapy. Schedule now at effectivecounseling.org
Dr. Williams provides therapeutic services to children, adolescents, adults, caregivers and families exhibiting a diversity of emotional and behavioral health concerns, including but not limited to, depression, self-esteem, anger, anxiety, divorce, adjustment disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder/trauma, ADHD, learning disorders, behavioral disorders, and parent/caregiver concerns. Dr. Williams strives to build hope and resilience in her clients, while working collaboratively and fostering independence so that her clients no longer need the support of therapy. Schedule now at effectivecounseling.org
(833) 944-7571 View (833) 944-7571
Photo of Ashley Nelson - Cultivate Counseling & Consulting, Counselor
Cultivate Counseling & Consulting
Counselor
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44223
Some of these challenges may include, trauma, parenting, death, loss, divorce, depression, anxiety, ADHD, behavioral issues, addiction, self-harm, and suicide, or complex mental health issues.
2024 is here...Does that sound exciting or completely overwhelming? Does it feel like your life is less manageable? Are you struggling to express your wants and needs? If you need guidance finding your way through a challenging period in your life, we would like to help. Our time together can be short and solution-focused or much longer, depending on the nature of your concerns and your progress in therapy. We use several approaches to therapy which include modalities such as trauma informed, DBT, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational interviewing. Our staff are accepting new Medicaid clients as early as next week!
Some of these challenges may include, trauma, parenting, death, loss, divorce, depression, anxiety, ADHD, behavioral issues, addiction, self-harm, and suicide, or complex mental health issues.
2024 is here...Does that sound exciting or completely overwhelming? Does it feel like your life is less manageable? Are you struggling to express your wants and needs? If you need guidance finding your way through a challenging period in your life, we would like to help. Our time together can be short and solution-focused or much longer, depending on the nature of your concerns and your progress in therapy. We use several approaches to therapy which include modalities such as trauma informed, DBT, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational interviewing. Our staff are accepting new Medicaid clients as early as next week!
(330) 237-4464 View (330) 237-4464
Photo of Meredith Budowanec, MEd, LPCC-S, Counselor
Meredith Budowanec
Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
effectivecounseling.org Start living your best life today! Offering brief effective counseling solutions to get you and your family the life that you want. Utilizing evidence based practices that are clinically proven to effectively treat anxiety, depression, social problems, family distress, and behavioral issues. Excelling in providing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to effect positive long term change. Self schedule your first appointment online at www.effectivecounseling.org
effectivecounseling.org Start living your best life today! Offering brief effective counseling solutions to get you and your family the life that you want. Utilizing evidence based practices that are clinically proven to effectively treat anxiety, depression, social problems, family distress, and behavioral issues. Excelling in providing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to effect positive long term change. Self schedule your first appointment online at www.effectivecounseling.org
(330) 964-5433 View (330) 964-5433
Photo of Nyema Bedell, LPCC-S, Counselor
Nyema Bedell
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44223
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in anxiety, depression, grief, ADHD, PTSD, complex trauma and other mental health diagnoses.
We all need someone who will listen and walk alongside us. Someone that will provide support, healing, and encouragement during our difficult times in life." I strive to provide a safe, confidential and non-judgmental environment to assist individuals, couples and/or children during every season of life.
I specialize in anxiety, depression, grief, ADHD, PTSD, complex trauma and other mental health diagnoses.
We all need someone who will listen and walk alongside us. Someone that will provide support, healing, and encouragement during our difficult times in life." I strive to provide a safe, confidential and non-judgmental environment to assist individuals, couples and/or children during every season of life.
(234) 386-1054 View (234) 386-1054
Photo of Julia Dee, LPC
Julia Dee
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44223
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio and South Carolina with over 20 years of practical therapeutic experience and education in the mental health field. I specialize in women's issues, Anxiety, Coping Skills, Depression, Trauma, PTSD, and behavior patterns in your adult life that stem from stressors, abuse, neglect, and trauma experienced in childhood. I utilize a mix of modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Trauma Focused, Strength-Based, Attachment-based, and Psychodynamic therapy. I believe we are all works in progress, and balance in life is essential to improving one's life.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio and South Carolina with over 20 years of practical therapeutic experience and education in the mental health field. I specialize in women's issues, Anxiety, Coping Skills, Depression, Trauma, PTSD, and behavior patterns in your adult life that stem from stressors, abuse, neglect, and trauma experienced in childhood. I utilize a mix of modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Trauma Focused, Strength-Based, Attachment-based, and Psychodynamic therapy. I believe we are all works in progress, and balance in life is essential to improving one's life.
(614) 683-2918 View (614) 683-2918
Photo of Griffin T Brown, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Griffin T Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
If you are experiencing depression, anxiety, or undergoing big life changes, I can help! If you have been drinking or using drugs we can find other ways to cope.
I am so happy you found me! Perhaps something doesn't feel "right" in your life. Maybe you feel particularly stressed or sad and don't know why. I offer a unique approach to counseling in which I integrate humor with well researched methods of helping people. Together we can navigate the curveballs that life throws your way. After helping thousands of people in my career, I have found that everyone has strengths. Together we will harness your strengths and strive to create the life you deserve. You deserve hassle-free, individualized care!
If you are experiencing depression, anxiety, or undergoing big life changes, I can help! If you have been drinking or using drugs we can find other ways to cope.
I am so happy you found me! Perhaps something doesn't feel "right" in your life. Maybe you feel particularly stressed or sad and don't know why. I offer a unique approach to counseling in which I integrate humor with well researched methods of helping people. Together we can navigate the curveballs that life throws your way. After helping thousands of people in my career, I have found that everyone has strengths. Together we will harness your strengths and strive to create the life you deserve. You deserve hassle-free, individualized care!
(330) 532-7523 View (330) 532-7523
Photo of Christina T. Hoehn-Shackelford, MSEd, LPCC-S
Christina T. Hoehn-Shackelford
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
I specialize in working with college students & adults in the areas of anxiety, depression, adjustment issues, stress, trauma, & relational issues.
Have you been struggling with anxiety and are unsure of how to manage it? Do you feel stressed in social situations or in public spaces? Are you tired of having nervous energy, unhelpful thoughts, and physical symptoms related to stress? Or are you dealing with relationship problems? Feeling as though you need to learn better communication skills and ways to deal with your partner? Or need to address past trauma or disturbing events/experiences? Or struggling with negative thinking and depression? Or simply life changes that you're struggling to adjust to? These are the areas that I specialize in. Together, let's change your life.
I specialize in working with college students & adults in the areas of anxiety, depression, adjustment issues, stress, trauma, & relational issues.
Have you been struggling with anxiety and are unsure of how to manage it? Do you feel stressed in social situations or in public spaces? Are you tired of having nervous energy, unhelpful thoughts, and physical symptoms related to stress? Or are you dealing with relationship problems? Feeling as though you need to learn better communication skills and ways to deal with your partner? Or need to address past trauma or disturbing events/experiences? Or struggling with negative thinking and depression? Or simply life changes that you're struggling to adjust to? These are the areas that I specialize in. Together, let's change your life.
(216) 242-4617 View (216) 242-4617
Elizabeth Reigner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44224  (Online Only)
In my role as a therapist, I help people improve the quality of their lives. Everyone has challenges, but there are techniques that can reduce anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and improve life satisfaction and wellness. I use Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Unyte Safe and Sound Protocol, Positive Psychology, and Self-Compassion Psychology as treatment modalities.
In my role as a therapist, I help people improve the quality of their lives. Everyone has challenges, but there are techniques that can reduce anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and improve life satisfaction and wellness. I use Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Unyte Safe and Sound Protocol, Positive Psychology, and Self-Compassion Psychology as treatment modalities.
(419) 871-3891 View (419) 871-3891
Photo of Bethany Conry, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bethany Conry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44222  (Online Only)
Hi there! Let's talk. If you're struggling with depression, anxiety, career, or pregnancy-related issues, I'm here to help. Reaching out to begin therapy can be intimidating, but I hope you take the time to reach out for help. I'm here for you.
Hi there! Let's talk. If you're struggling with depression, anxiety, career, or pregnancy-related issues, I'm here to help. Reaching out to begin therapy can be intimidating, but I hope you take the time to reach out for help. I'm here for you.
(614) 412-5590 View (614) 412-5590
Photo of Jacquelyn Bell, LPCC-S, Counselor
Jacquelyn Bell
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221  (Online Only)
I'm here as an unbiased listener. We work together to understand your needs; building a trusting relationship. I work with adults experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship hurdles, trauma, or adjustment-related concerns. Our work will vary based on the individual; there is no one size fits all. I utilize a holistic approach as mind, body, and spirit are the foundation of who we are. I believe what we eat and how we move has an impact on our thoughts and behaviors; taking care of our bodies can make a difference on how the mind works.
I'm here as an unbiased listener. We work together to understand your needs; building a trusting relationship. I work with adults experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship hurdles, trauma, or adjustment-related concerns. Our work will vary based on the individual; there is no one size fits all. I utilize a holistic approach as mind, body, and spirit are the foundation of who we are. I believe what we eat and how we move has an impact on our thoughts and behaviors; taking care of our bodies can make a difference on how the mind works.
(440) 485-3834 View (440) 485-3834
Photo of Kate Stewart, M Ed, LPCC, Counselor
Kate Stewart
Counselor, M Ed, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
I am an EMDR trained clinical counselor. My passion is working with adults with trauma-related disorders, depression, and anxiety. While creating a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship, I strive to work with individuals to relieve stress from the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and trauma. I enjoy assisting people in learning new and positive coping skills to integrate into their everyday lives. My goal while facilitating treatment is to provide the support, resources, and techniques you need to accomplish your personal goals.
I am an EMDR trained clinical counselor. My passion is working with adults with trauma-related disorders, depression, and anxiety. While creating a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship, I strive to work with individuals to relieve stress from the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and trauma. I enjoy assisting people in learning new and positive coping skills to integrate into their everyday lives. My goal while facilitating treatment is to provide the support, resources, and techniques you need to accomplish your personal goals.
(330) 593-4059 View (330) 593-4059
Photo of Barbara A Frye, LPC, Counselor
Barbara A Frye
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221  (Online Only)
Change can feel scary and stressful. Standing at a crossroads can feel uncertain and overwhelming. Sometimes our life circumstances change, other times we decide that what we are doing now, is no longer working for us. My focus is working with people who are experiencing anxiety, depressed mood, grief, loss, addictions, trauma, PTSD, and other adjustments and life transitions. This could involve changes in relationships, family, spirituality, health, career, education, or living situation. It could include death, healing wounds and inner children, identifying and enforcing boundaries, and identifying and changing limiting beliefs.
Change can feel scary and stressful. Standing at a crossroads can feel uncertain and overwhelming. Sometimes our life circumstances change, other times we decide that what we are doing now, is no longer working for us. My focus is working with people who are experiencing anxiety, depressed mood, grief, loss, addictions, trauma, PTSD, and other adjustments and life transitions. This could involve changes in relationships, family, spirituality, health, career, education, or living situation. It could include death, healing wounds and inner children, identifying and enforcing boundaries, and identifying and changing limiting beliefs.
(330) 446-3047 View (330) 446-3047
Photo of Marcie L Nithang, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Marcie L Nithang
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, stress management, grief and loss, family conflict, peri-natal and postpartum mood disorders, and addressing spiritual issues.
I work with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families struggling with a wide range of issues. Whether it is anxiety in childhood or adulthood, marital conflict, grieving the loss of a loved one, or navigating motherhood, I understand that we all need connection and validation. We need to know we are not alone in whatever we are facing in life. Also, a common struggle for many is lacking a sense of purpose or meaning in their lives, often leading to frustration and despair. I am passionate about helping clients understand the importance of finding purpose.
I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, stress management, grief and loss, family conflict, peri-natal and postpartum mood disorders, and addressing spiritual issues.
I work with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families struggling with a wide range of issues. Whether it is anxiety in childhood or adulthood, marital conflict, grieving the loss of a loved one, or navigating motherhood, I understand that we all need connection and validation. We need to know we are not alone in whatever we are facing in life. Also, a common struggle for many is lacking a sense of purpose or meaning in their lives, often leading to frustration and despair. I am passionate about helping clients understand the importance of finding purpose.
(234) 231-8572 View (234) 231-8572
Photo of Rose Miletic, MA, LPCC, NCC , Counselor
Rose Miletic
Counselor, MA, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44222  (Online Only)
I have professional experience working in varied amount of mental health settings such as those that served children with SPMI, adults with substance abuse, addiction, personality disorders, chronic pain, anxiety, depression, psychosis, and complex trauma.
The kind of client I most enjoy working with is an individual or group of persons who are able to be open to change and continue to stay open to the collaborative and creative process. Some clients that I have had the best outcomes with learned to trust their decision to stay focused on their healing and prioritized it. I have a passion for using therapy as a catalyst for transformative change.
I have professional experience working in varied amount of mental health settings such as those that served children with SPMI, adults with substance abuse, addiction, personality disorders, chronic pain, anxiety, depression, psychosis, and complex trauma.
The kind of client I most enjoy working with is an individual or group of persons who are able to be open to change and continue to stay open to the collaborative and creative process. Some clients that I have had the best outcomes with learned to trust their decision to stay focused on their healing and prioritized it. I have a passion for using therapy as a catalyst for transformative change.
(740) 842-8566 View (740) 842-8566
Photo of Carolyn Erbaugh, LPCC
Carolyn Erbaugh
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44221
A warm welcome to all courageous seekers. Do you struggle with anxiety/social anxiety, stage of life changes, grief, low self worth, confidence, assertiveness, boundaries, identity, or relationships? I would love to help you get unstuck, to heal, and reconnect to your wisdom in these areas and more. I truly believe there is a path to finding greater mental and emotional resilience, psychological flexibility and creative ways to find peace in the body and mind. I am a down to earth, direct/dynamic, experienced, holistic provider who will help you to help yourself cope, accept what is difficult, and reduce anxiety and depression.
A warm welcome to all courageous seekers. Do you struggle with anxiety/social anxiety, stage of life changes, grief, low self worth, confidence, assertiveness, boundaries, identity, or relationships? I would love to help you get unstuck, to heal, and reconnect to your wisdom in these areas and more. I truly believe there is a path to finding greater mental and emotional resilience, psychological flexibility and creative ways to find peace in the body and mind. I am a down to earth, direct/dynamic, experienced, holistic provider who will help you to help yourself cope, accept what is difficult, and reduce anxiety and depression.
(330) 510-4900 View (330) 510-4900
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Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.