Therapists in Westland, Columbus, OH
![Photo of Sara Grace Bates, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2271c769-4af8-43fb-95dc-c53a998d4cbe/2/320x400.jpeg)
Sara Grace Bates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228 (Online Only)
Ms. Sara Bates is a Licensed Independent Social Worker with Supervision Designation trained in Trauma-Informed Care for All, Family Therapy, Perinatal Therapy, Sex-Positive Therapy, Pleasure Education and Intimacy Coaching, Couples Counseling, CBT, DBT, and IFS; treating both adolescents and adult populations. Her clinical approach is to meet the clients where they are, by building on personal strengths and supporting them through life’s difficult challenges. She provides EAP services as a contractor, for local and federal law enforcement agencies. Reiki Master/Teacher certified, for stress relief practices and coping strategies.
Ms. Sara Bates is a Licensed Independent Social Worker with Supervision Designation trained in Trauma-Informed Care for All, Family Therapy, Perinatal Therapy, Sex-Positive Therapy, Pleasure Education and Intimacy Coaching, Couples Counseling, CBT, DBT, and IFS; treating both adolescents and adult populations. Her clinical approach is to meet the clients where they are, by building on personal strengths and supporting them through life’s difficult challenges. She provides EAP services as a contractor, for local and federal law enforcement agencies. Reiki Master/Teacher certified, for stress relief practices and coping strategies.
![Photo of Joseph Reis, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8617dfde-8d08-458a-95bf-d0442f067b6a/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am passionate about helping others work through their challenges and discover their strengths. I believe we already possess what we need but sometimes require others to help us see it more clearly. My approach is to get a full picture of your life and to highlight practical opportunities for growth. Through validation and encouragement, I want to make sure you do not feel alone in your struggles. Instead, I want you to feel supported, capable and confident!
I am passionate about helping others work through their challenges and discover their strengths. I believe we already possess what we need but sometimes require others to help us see it more clearly. My approach is to get a full picture of your life and to highlight practical opportunities for growth. Through validation and encouragement, I want to make sure you do not feel alone in your struggles. Instead, I want you to feel supported, capable and confident!
![Photo of Cheryl Marye Allen - Counseling, Ltd., MS, LPCC-S, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3e5939ad-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
We are a professional counseling firm with experienced counselors in Sexual Abuse, Relationship/Marital Counseling, Family counseling, Codependency Counseling, Gender Identity, Incarceration/Probation Counseling, and specialize in Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counseling for adults and teens, as well as Trauma and PTSD.
We are a professional counseling firm with experienced counselors in Sexual Abuse, Relationship/Marital Counseling, Family counseling, Codependency Counseling, Gender Identity, Incarceration/Probation Counseling, and specialize in Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counseling for adults and teens, as well as Trauma and PTSD.
![Photo of Maureen Scelza, IMFT-S, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a2ee633c-e172-4abe-8c48-91c2f7313ebe/1/320x400.jpeg)
Maureen Scelza
Marriage & Family Therapist, IMFT-S
Verified Verified
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228
Waitlist for new clients
"The secret of change is to focus all your energy not on fighting the old, but on building the new." Starting therapy can come with many emotions; fear, sadness, confusion, desperation, or many of the other emotions we all have. Despite that, you are here, and I know the strength it requires make that step. Therapy is a deeply personal and unique process. Together, we will work to establish your goals and we will work at your pace towards resolution. I am free of judgement towards all things that make you, you.
"The secret of change is to focus all your energy not on fighting the old, but on building the new." Starting therapy can come with many emotions; fear, sadness, confusion, desperation, or many of the other emotions we all have. Despite that, you are here, and I know the strength it requires make that step. Therapy is a deeply personal and unique process. Together, we will work to establish your goals and we will work at your pace towards resolution. I am free of judgement towards all things that make you, you.
![Photo of Christy Behrendt-Perez, LPCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4537434d-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Looking for a counselor can be exciting and intimidating as the first step towards your healing or having more peace in your life. Whatever the need, I am glad you are here and looking into doing more for yourself or your family. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and work with individuals, couples, families, and children. I specialize in working with those with anxiety, depression, trauma, addictions, and people who want better communication and peace in their lives. Whatever your struggle, you do not have to go through it alone.
Looking for a counselor can be exciting and intimidating as the first step towards your healing or having more peace in your life. Whatever the need, I am glad you are here and looking into doing more for yourself or your family. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and work with individuals, couples, families, and children. I specialize in working with those with anxiety, depression, trauma, addictions, and people who want better communication and peace in their lives. Whatever your struggle, you do not have to go through it alone.
![Photo of Christina R Hall, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f7caf13f-62c3-45af-aff2-ab78de32d040/2/320x400.jpeg)
Christina R Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228
I enjoy working with clients who may be struggling with issues such as depression, anxiety, emotional management, poor self-esteem, experiencing grief and loss; who are motivated and open to change and doing homework, and who desire to be a healthier version of themselves.
I enjoy working with clients who may be struggling with issues such as depression, anxiety, emotional management, poor self-esteem, experiencing grief and loss; who are motivated and open to change and doing homework, and who desire to be a healthier version of themselves.
![Photo of Beth (Bethany) McElheny, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/65f08c3b-b35b-42fd-9204-30744ff2cd0c/3/320x400.jpeg)
Beth (Bethany) McElheny
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228
Not accepting new clients
I understand the strength that it takes to reach out for support. Life and relationships can be painfully complicated and messy. I am here to work through your concerns along with you and to provide support while you navigate challenges and life transitions. I will remain focused on your treatment goals and conduct sessions in an ethical and professional manner.
I understand the strength that it takes to reach out for support. Life and relationships can be painfully complicated and messy. I am here to work through your concerns along with you and to provide support while you navigate challenges and life transitions. I will remain focused on your treatment goals and conduct sessions in an ethical and professional manner.
![Photo of Cara Snyder, LICSW, LIMHP, CMSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4c43d0b7-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Cara Snyder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LIMHP, CMSW, LISW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228 (Online Only)
Change. Anxiety. Feeling stuck. Confusion. Loss. Chronic illness. Depression. Sleep. Relationships. Stress. Life feels like a struggle. Together we will develop a plan that uses evidence-based methods to help you identify and achieve your goals. I value your unique story and am dedicated to helping you stay motivated as you take steps toward improved mental wellness.
Change. Anxiety. Feeling stuck. Confusion. Loss. Chronic illness. Depression. Sleep. Relationships. Stress. Life feels like a struggle. Together we will develop a plan that uses evidence-based methods to help you identify and achieve your goals. I value your unique story and am dedicated to helping you stay motivated as you take steps toward improved mental wellness.
![Photo of Austin Rausch, MS, LPCC, LICDC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bdc1a916-9dd4-4f6a-92e6-870c9c2ff81d/1/320x400.jpeg)
Experiencing the weight of intense emotions like depression or anxiety is common. There might be a perceived insurmountable distance between yourself and your loved ones. Dissatisfaction with relationships involving parents, children, or significant others is not uncommon. It can sometimes feel like nobody truly comprehends what you're going through. Whether dealing with family or relationship challenges, anxiety, depression, trauma, or other life stressors, therapy can be a pivotal step toward healing.
Experiencing the weight of intense emotions like depression or anxiety is common. There might be a perceived insurmountable distance between yourself and your loved ones. Dissatisfaction with relationships involving parents, children, or significant others is not uncommon. It can sometimes feel like nobody truly comprehends what you're going through. Whether dealing with family or relationship challenges, anxiety, depression, trauma, or other life stressors, therapy can be a pivotal step toward healing.
![Photo of Kris J Snyder, IMFT, MBA , Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0d2cb3dd-2c2b-4079-ac72-4f211710c781/2/320x400.jpeg)
Kris J Snyder
Marriage & Family Therapist, IMFT, MBA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228
Hello, and congratulations on taking the first steps toward self-healing and self-mastery. I am an Independently Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (IMFT) with over 30+ years of experience in the mental health field. I have worked across several states and gained valuable experience connecting and collaborating with a diverse clientele, addressing a wide range of issues. I have also co-facilitated several Sue Johnson's Hold Me Tight weekend retreats.
Hello, and congratulations on taking the first steps toward self-healing and self-mastery. I am an Independently Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (IMFT) with over 30+ years of experience in the mental health field. I have worked across several states and gained valuable experience connecting and collaborating with a diverse clientele, addressing a wide range of issues. I have also co-facilitated several Sue Johnson's Hold Me Tight weekend retreats.
![Photo of Sophie Hans, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0e57177f-2e78-42f8-adab-1ee8e40d5cf0/2/320x400.png)
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
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![Photo of Kelsi Rooks, MA , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ad2f1ee5-6f47-4ba4-bedf-16018431cc8e/1/320x400.png)
Kelsi Rooks
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPC
Verified Verified
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228
Are you struggling to feel heard and validated? Are you having difficulty managing your emotions, finding purpose, or processing lived experiences? Are you in need of someone capable of providing guidance, active listening, empathetic understanding, & who can provide them with the tools to succeed? Are you open to gaining the knowledge and skills used in everyday life to help you grow and improve your overall well-being? I offer coping skills, resources, and knowledge to overcome any mental health challenges you may be facing. Instilling your self-confidence to succeed and walking this journey alongside you.
Are you struggling to feel heard and validated? Are you having difficulty managing your emotions, finding purpose, or processing lived experiences? Are you in need of someone capable of providing guidance, active listening, empathetic understanding, & who can provide them with the tools to succeed? Are you open to gaining the knowledge and skills used in everyday life to help you grow and improve your overall well-being? I offer coping skills, resources, and knowledge to overcome any mental health challenges you may be facing. Instilling your self-confidence to succeed and walking this journey alongside you.
![Photo of Jessica Gilliland, MSW, LSW, CDCA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c62fb808-67ab-471e-a8c2-a395097fb05f/1/320x400.jpeg)
Jessica Gilliland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW, CDCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228
I have a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology from Ohio University and a Master’s Degree in Social Work from the University of Kentucky. In addition, I am also certified in Clinical Social Work and Substance Misuse Disorder. I began her therapeutic career as a Mental Health Therapist in a male youth residential behavioral treatment facility, treating children of all ages. I have also worked in outpatient therapeutic settings, in-patient substance abuse treatment facilities, as well as many others.
I have a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology from Ohio University and a Master’s Degree in Social Work from the University of Kentucky. In addition, I am also certified in Clinical Social Work and Substance Misuse Disorder. I began her therapeutic career as a Mental Health Therapist in a male youth residential behavioral treatment facility, treating children of all ages. I have also worked in outpatient therapeutic settings, in-patient substance abuse treatment facilities, as well as many others.
![Photo of Dr. Noriyo Shoji-Schaffner, PhD , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0c12c1d6-0f2f-4b69-9c99-c810ddc0c0cc/1/320x400.png)
Dr. Noriyo Shoji-Schaffner
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD , LPC
Verified Verified
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228
Are you navigating personality disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety & depression, marital & familial conflicts, & grief? Are you ready to explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to improve your well-being by being open to asking tough questions, tackling big issues, and pursuing outcomes with perseverance? My goal is to provide support in improving relationships, managing stress, overcoming trauma, adopting healthier coping skills, & embracing fulfilling life options. My 15 years of clinical experience as a racial/ethnic minority practitioner has allowed me to cultivate expertise to assist racial/ethnic minority groups.
Are you navigating personality disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety & depression, marital & familial conflicts, & grief? Are you ready to explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to improve your well-being by being open to asking tough questions, tackling big issues, and pursuing outcomes with perseverance? My goal is to provide support in improving relationships, managing stress, overcoming trauma, adopting healthier coping skills, & embracing fulfilling life options. My 15 years of clinical experience as a racial/ethnic minority practitioner has allowed me to cultivate expertise to assist racial/ethnic minority groups.
![Photo of Joshua Stanley, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2f00f159-57fc-4dab-9320-cc271ba75b28/2/320x400.png)
My ideal client is an individual who is open to working as a team and benefiting from a therapeutic relationship in which honesty, accountability, and empathy are paramount. While a client’s concerns are unique and personal, there is nothing they cannot overcome through effective therapeutic interventions and a highly-trained and relatable clinician.
My ideal client is an individual who is open to working as a team and benefiting from a therapeutic relationship in which honesty, accountability, and empathy are paramount. While a client’s concerns are unique and personal, there is nothing they cannot overcome through effective therapeutic interventions and a highly-trained and relatable clinician.
![Photo of Janaye Guess, MSW , LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3e39e6ac-2057-4865-90c6-d4a3b270dbc5/2/320x400.png)
Janaye Guess
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW , LISW
Verified Verified
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228
I enjoy working with people who struggle with depression and/or anxiety. Ideally, their goals would be to improve their overall functioning and quality of life. My ideal client would be able to put in the necessary work to accomplish their goals. My therapy style is authentic, empathetic, and validating. I believe in incorporating various treatment modalities that are based on the individual needs of my clients.
I enjoy working with people who struggle with depression and/or anxiety. Ideally, their goals would be to improve their overall functioning and quality of life. My ideal client would be able to put in the necessary work to accomplish their goals. My therapy style is authentic, empathetic, and validating. I believe in incorporating various treatment modalities that are based on the individual needs of my clients.
![Photo of Jarrod Beyler, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0422dc5e-927c-49fb-a9cd-1b98daef5aa6/2/320x400.jpeg)
Jarrod Beyler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228
I am a social worker and can help you with beating depression and anxiety. I see patients remotely via telemedicine services. In addition to my degree in social work, I have served in the US Army. I have experience working with clients who experience PTSD, depression, bipolar, grief, ADHD, and other mental health conditions. I would like to help my clients reach their goals and help them in finding the right tools to beat their conditions.
I am a social worker and can help you with beating depression and anxiety. I see patients remotely via telemedicine services. In addition to my degree in social work, I have served in the US Army. I have experience working with clients who experience PTSD, depression, bipolar, grief, ADHD, and other mental health conditions. I would like to help my clients reach their goals and help them in finding the right tools to beat their conditions.
![Photo of Raquel Garrett, ME , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a68ca666-4f17-4c89-bfdc-1a97d91ad4e4/1/320x400.png)
Raquel Garrett
Licensed Professional Counselor, ME , LPC
Verified Verified
Westland, Columbus, OH 43228
Are you struggling with anxious or ruminating thoughts, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, lethargy, lack of motivation, or isolation, which may have been manageable previously but now is an issue? You may struggle with creating a support network or having boundaries with others. Are there unresolved trauma issues that you may not be acknowledging? You are looking for insight & help with your active symptoms, like managing your anxiety, ruminating thoughts, or negative self-talk. You would like to develop coping skills that are easily applicable to your daily routine while increasing the quality of your supports.
Are you struggling with anxious or ruminating thoughts, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, lethargy, lack of motivation, or isolation, which may have been manageable previously but now is an issue? You may struggle with creating a support network or having boundaries with others. Are there unresolved trauma issues that you may not be acknowledging? You are looking for insight & help with your active symptoms, like managing your anxiety, ruminating thoughts, or negative self-talk. You would like to develop coping skills that are easily applicable to your daily routine while increasing the quality of your supports.
![Photo of Diana Cofsky, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ed17d419-02ae-43cc-ae10-44e607410a64/2/320x400.png)
I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years. I am a lifelong resident of South Jersey and obtained my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia.
I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years. I am a lifelong resident of South Jersey and obtained my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia.
![Photo of Jeanie Lisk, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/88b1bb35-5e92-4393-8b32-c9e03c04d62f/1/320x400.png)
Do you feel like no one hears you? Have you been told that you are unable to be helped? Are you chronically suicidal or struggling with emotions? Do you feel like you don't fit in and are looking for a connection? Do you want to feel normal and find a connection?
Do you feel like no one hears you? Have you been told that you are unable to be helped? Are you chronically suicidal or struggling with emotions? Do you feel like you don't fit in and are looking for a connection? Do you want to feel normal and find a connection?
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Westland, Columbus, OH
40+
Average cost per session
$130
Therapists in Westland, Columbus, OH who prioritize treating:
98% | Depression |
93% | Anxiety |
80% | Self Esteem |
73% | Relationship Issues |
71% | Stress |
71% | Life Transitions |
68% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
7 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
92% | Aetna |
92% | Cigna and Evernorth |
89% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
How Therapists in Westland, Columbus, OH see their clients
88% | In Person and Online | |
12% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
66% | Female | |
34% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Westland, Columbus?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.