Therapists in Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH

Photo of Meghan Montalvo - One Session at a Time LLC, IMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
One Session at a Time LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, IMFT
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111
Being trained in Marriage and Family Therapy isn't just about working with couples. It is best to state that relationships are my passion. Be it with the self: your thoughts, fears, concerns, spirituality, etc...or with others: a friend, sibling, partner, etc. Whether it's focusing on anxieties, communication, troubling thoughts, trauma, or depression, I founded One Session at a Time to provide an accepting, safe environment for those who want to challenge themselves in their journey toward self growth either on their own or with another.
Being trained in Marriage and Family Therapy isn't just about working with couples. It is best to state that relationships are my passion. Be it with the self: your thoughts, fears, concerns, spirituality, etc...or with others: a friend, sibling, partner, etc. Whether it's focusing on anxieties, communication, troubling thoughts, trauma, or depression, I founded One Session at a Time to provide an accepting, safe environment for those who want to challenge themselves in their journey toward self growth either on their own or with another.
(216) 868-8462 View (216) 868-8462
Photo of Shana Cronican, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shana Cronican
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Shana Cronican and I completed a Masters in Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies, a Masters in Social Work with an independent license credential (LISW). With over twenty years of experience, advocacy, education and direct service; my adult life is dedicated to improving the lives of survivors and individuals whom seek guidance and help in order to strengthen their lives, relationships and purpose.
Hello! My name is Shana Cronican and I completed a Masters in Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies, a Masters in Social Work with an independent license credential (LISW). With over twenty years of experience, advocacy, education and direct service; my adult life is dedicated to improving the lives of survivors and individuals whom seek guidance and help in order to strengthen their lives, relationships and purpose.
(216) 877-8422 View (216) 877-8422
Photo of Crishna Wilburn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Crishna Wilburn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker (LISW-S) with over 8 years of experience with providing therapy to children, families and adults. I received my Master’s in Social from The Ohio State University. I am passionate about meeting clients right where they are at and coming along side them to support them in reaching their goals. I seek to provide a nonjudgmental space where clients feel welcomed and safe.
I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker (LISW-S) with over 8 years of experience with providing therapy to children, families and adults. I received my Master’s in Social from The Ohio State University. I am passionate about meeting clients right where they are at and coming along side them to support them in reaching their goals. I seek to provide a nonjudgmental space where clients feel welcomed and safe.
(216) 867-6755 View (216) 867-6755
Photo of Kimberlee Vich, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kimberlee Vich
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Greetings, My name is Kimberlee Vich MA LPCC-S. I received my undergraduate degree from Ohio University and my graduate degree from Franciscan University. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with Supervisory status in the State of Ohio. I have worked in the mental health field for over 20 years, and my expertise is related to working with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, and substance abuse disorders.
Greetings, My name is Kimberlee Vich MA LPCC-S. I received my undergraduate degree from Ohio University and my graduate degree from Franciscan University. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with Supervisory status in the State of Ohio. I have worked in the mental health field for over 20 years, and my expertise is related to working with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, and substance abuse disorders.
(216) 478-5948 View (216) 478-5948
Photo of Janine Toliver, Psychologist
Janine Toliver
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
My name is Dr. Janine Toliver and I am a licensed Psychologist in Ohio. I am passionate about helping people find balance and the healthiest version of themselves! I specialize in working with clients who struggle with addiction, depression, relationship problems, insomnia, trauma, abuse, and women-specific issues.
My name is Dr. Janine Toliver and I am a licensed Psychologist in Ohio. I am passionate about helping people find balance and the healthiest version of themselves! I specialize in working with clients who struggle with addiction, depression, relationship problems, insomnia, trauma, abuse, and women-specific issues.
(216) 208-8397 View (216) 208-8397
Photo of Linda Garcia-Cruz, MSSA, LISW, RYT 200, REIKI, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Linda Garcia-Cruz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW, RYT 200, REIKI
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Finding a safe and inviting space can help you endure the distress of beginning an unknown journey towards healing. The right therapy can help you expand your capacity to tolerate discomfort and life's stressors. Together, we can learn to listen to your body's story, sit with difficult emotions and energy that your body has not metabolized. Together, we can reprocess past traumas that have shaped your core negative self beliefs that keep you from reaching your full potential.
Finding a safe and inviting space can help you endure the distress of beginning an unknown journey towards healing. The right therapy can help you expand your capacity to tolerate discomfort and life's stressors. Together, we can learn to listen to your body's story, sit with difficult emotions and energy that your body has not metabolized. Together, we can reprocess past traumas that have shaped your core negative self beliefs that keep you from reaching your full potential.
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Photo of Tasha Willaford, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tasha Willaford
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
I am a dually licensed professional clinical counselor with supervision designation (LPCC-S) and marriage and family therapist (MFT) with over 6 years of experience ranging from couples counseling, family work to individually focused therapy focused on managing significant depression and anxiety. I enjoy supporting clients as they walk through different ages and stages in their lives and celebrate with them when they achieve that "ah ha" moment.
I am a dually licensed professional clinical counselor with supervision designation (LPCC-S) and marriage and family therapist (MFT) with over 6 years of experience ranging from couples counseling, family work to individually focused therapy focused on managing significant depression and anxiety. I enjoy supporting clients as they walk through different ages and stages in their lives and celebrate with them when they achieve that "ah ha" moment.
(216) 999-4480 View (216) 999-4480
Photo of Lisa Goins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Goins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111
Lisa holds a LISW with the Marriage and Family Therapist Board of Ohio. Lisa believes that building trust and maintaining confidentiality are among the most important qualities to the creation of an effective therapeutic relationship. She is dedicated to providing a nonjudgemental environment for sharing life's ups and downs. Lisa received a Bachelor’s degree in Sociology from Baldwin Wallace University and a Master’s degree in Social Work (MSSA) from Case Western Reserve University. She has specialized in adolescent psychology and human development, family therapy, and solution focused approaches.
Lisa holds a LISW with the Marriage and Family Therapist Board of Ohio. Lisa believes that building trust and maintaining confidentiality are among the most important qualities to the creation of an effective therapeutic relationship. She is dedicated to providing a nonjudgemental environment for sharing life's ups and downs. Lisa received a Bachelor’s degree in Sociology from Baldwin Wallace University and a Master’s degree in Social Work (MSSA) from Case Western Reserve University. She has specialized in adolescent psychology and human development, family therapy, and solution focused approaches.
(216) 999-5357 View (216) 999-5357
Photo of Chanell Elston, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chanell Elston
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Chanell received her BA in Criminology( 2011) and her Masters degree in Social work from Cleveland State University (2015). She has been an Independently Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LISW-S) since 2019. She achieved her supervision designed in 2021. Chanell has worked with youth, women, veterans and seniors in a variety of counseling settings including residential, home and hospitals. Her focus has been working with individuals in crisis and with those who have found themselves coping with adversity. She has extensive experience working with clients who have experienced trauma, loss and grief.
Chanell received her BA in Criminology( 2011) and her Masters degree in Social work from Cleveland State University (2015). She has been an Independently Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LISW-S) since 2019. She achieved her supervision designed in 2021. Chanell has worked with youth, women, veterans and seniors in a variety of counseling settings including residential, home and hospitals. Her focus has been working with individuals in crisis and with those who have found themselves coping with adversity. She has extensive experience working with clients who have experienced trauma, loss and grief.
(216) 424-4858 View (216) 424-4858
Photo of Matthew McGuire, Licensed Professional Counselor
Matthew McGuire
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Creating a space for self acceptance and validation is a big first step of what I intend to facilitate as a therapist. I believe you are a unique individual with a common problem.Through neutralizing guilt and shame, we are able to uncover our deeper wants and emotions. I believe in my abilities to encourage clients towards locating their truest self. I don’t simply approach you as a clinical diagnosis, rather I enjoy helping you figure out WHY you might be depressed, anxious, etc. My tone is pensive, yet positive. I believe that being well is not just about an absence of suffering, but also striving towards a sense of purpos
Creating a space for self acceptance and validation is a big first step of what I intend to facilitate as a therapist. I believe you are a unique individual with a common problem.Through neutralizing guilt and shame, we are able to uncover our deeper wants and emotions. I believe in my abilities to encourage clients towards locating their truest self. I don’t simply approach you as a clinical diagnosis, rather I enjoy helping you figure out WHY you might be depressed, anxious, etc. My tone is pensive, yet positive. I believe that being well is not just about an absence of suffering, but also striving towards a sense of purpos
(216) 279-7830 View (216) 279-7830
Photo of Angela Anderson, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela Anderson
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Did something happen? Maybe you expected it, maybe it came out of nowhere. Either way, you haven’t been the same since. Or maybe you aren’t sure why you feel the way you do. You have good days, good moments. But when the bad ones come, you feel stressed out, stuck, and tired – so tired. I help people like you every day. I specialize in working with adults and teens who deal with stress and anxiety. We uncover root causes and help your mind and body to feel calmer.
Did something happen? Maybe you expected it, maybe it came out of nowhere. Either way, you haven’t been the same since. Or maybe you aren’t sure why you feel the way you do. You have good days, good moments. But when the bad ones come, you feel stressed out, stuck, and tired – so tired. I help people like you every day. I specialize in working with adults and teens who deal with stress and anxiety. We uncover root causes and help your mind and body to feel calmer.
(216) 424-3349 View (216) 424-3349
Photo of Gail Campbell, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gail Campbell
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
I am Dr. Gail Campbell, a Professional Clinical Counselor, with 28 years of experience in assisting individuals, marriages and families through life situations and transitions. I am a graduate of Ashland Theological Seminary which further enhances my skill set. I can provide spiritual insights in addition to other therapeutic techniques for those looking for help with the whole person’s body, mind, and spirit. I am passionate about dispelling the isolation and loneline
I am Dr. Gail Campbell, a Professional Clinical Counselor, with 28 years of experience in assisting individuals, marriages and families through life situations and transitions. I am a graduate of Ashland Theological Seminary which further enhances my skill set. I can provide spiritual insights in addition to other therapeutic techniques for those looking for help with the whole person’s body, mind, and spirit. I am passionate about dispelling the isolation and loneline
(216) 424-5462 View (216) 424-5462
Photo of Emily Grady, LPCC-S, Counselor
Emily Grady
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
I think the basis for good therapy is a collaborative relationship that fosters an environment for healing and growth. As a therapist, I strive to build this kind of trust so that you can work through grief, shame, anxiety, or any other heaviness you're carrying in a safe space. I'm passionate about working with people navigating life transitions, and about supporting people navigating grief and loss. Whether you're about to graduate from college, contemplating parenthood, or struggling with career transitions, I'd love to talk with you about how you can feel empowered and make the best choices for you.
I think the basis for good therapy is a collaborative relationship that fosters an environment for healing and growth. As a therapist, I strive to build this kind of trust so that you can work through grief, shame, anxiety, or any other heaviness you're carrying in a safe space. I'm passionate about working with people navigating life transitions, and about supporting people navigating grief and loss. Whether you're about to graduate from college, contemplating parenthood, or struggling with career transitions, I'd love to talk with you about how you can feel empowered and make the best choices for you.
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Photo of Nancy Nickerson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nancy Nickerson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Life can feel overwhelming at times. Negative thoughts and feelings can interrupt attempts to have a balanced, peaceful existence. I am skilled at working in partnership with a willing person to identify such unhelpful interruptions and I will work in unison with you to develop better choices. In particular, we can, step by step, identify positive ways to reward improved behaviors so that you feel better sooner! I have been a Social Worker for 46 years. I worked for the Ohio Department of Mental Health for 20 years. In 1992, I earned a Master's Degree in Social Work, with a concentration in Clinical Mental Health.
Life can feel overwhelming at times. Negative thoughts and feelings can interrupt attempts to have a balanced, peaceful existence. I am skilled at working in partnership with a willing person to identify such unhelpful interruptions and I will work in unison with you to develop better choices. In particular, we can, step by step, identify positive ways to reward improved behaviors so that you feel better sooner! I have been a Social Worker for 46 years. I worked for the Ohio Department of Mental Health for 20 years. In 1992, I earned a Master's Degree in Social Work, with a concentration in Clinical Mental Health.
(216) 284-3947 View (216) 284-3947
Photo of Karen Coffey
Karen Coffey
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Karen Coffey! I'm excited to meet you and work with you on your therapy goals. I work primarily with adult women who are navigating relational issues, anxiety, depression, grief, career, faith concerns, caregiver support, and family and life adjustment issues.
Hello, I'm Karen Coffey! I'm excited to meet you and work with you on your therapy goals. I work primarily with adult women who are navigating relational issues, anxiety, depression, grief, career, faith concerns, caregiver support, and family and life adjustment issues.
(216) 867-6564 View (216) 867-6564
Photo of Marissa Wood, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marissa Wood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Whether for yourself or for your child, it is often a vulnerable decision to step into therapy. Regardless if this is your first experience seeking therapy or if you are looking for a new provider, we can all benefit from additional support to help us grow and heal through life’s various transitions. If you are seeking a provider who is willing to work at your pace while encouraging you along the way, you have come to the right place. Throughout my practice I have had the honor of working with various populations with diverse needs.
Whether for yourself or for your child, it is often a vulnerable decision to step into therapy. Regardless if this is your first experience seeking therapy or if you are looking for a new provider, we can all benefit from additional support to help us grow and heal through life’s various transitions. If you are seeking a provider who is willing to work at your pace while encouraging you along the way, you have come to the right place. Throughout my practice I have had the honor of working with various populations with diverse needs.
(216) 465-6191 View (216) 465-6191
Photo of Vivien Roman Hampton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Vivien Roman Hampton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Vivien (she/her/ella). I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I completed my undergraduate degree in Psychology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. I also have a Graduate certificate in Women in Public Policy and Politics and completed my Masters in Social Work at Salem State University. I have largely worked in historically marginalized spaces (BIPOC, LGBTQIA2S, and Veterans) as these are also spaces I identify with as well as with those who identify as allies to these communities. I have been fortunate to have a variety of experiences in my work in mental health that have challenged me and given me
Hi! My name is Vivien (she/her/ella). I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I completed my undergraduate degree in Psychology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. I also have a Graduate certificate in Women in Public Policy and Politics and completed my Masters in Social Work at Salem State University. I have largely worked in historically marginalized spaces (BIPOC, LGBTQIA2S, and Veterans) as these are also spaces I identify with as well as with those who identify as allies to these communities. I have been fortunate to have a variety of experiences in my work in mental health that have challenged me and given me
(216) 412-9024 View (216) 412-9024
Photo of Joanette Pulskamp Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joanette Pulskamp Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Jo is a Licensed Independent Social Worker in Ohio with over 20 years of experience working in community and hospital settings. She has worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, adoption, parenting special needs children, and managing the struggles of being a caregiver to the geriatric and chronically ill population. Her therapy style is casual, warm, and interactive. She believes in treating every client with respect, sensitivity, and kindness.
Jo is a Licensed Independent Social Worker in Ohio with over 20 years of experience working in community and hospital settings. She has worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, adoption, parenting special needs children, and managing the struggles of being a caregiver to the geriatric and chronically ill population. Her therapy style is casual, warm, and interactive. She believes in treating every client with respect, sensitivity, and kindness.
(216) 270-7465 View (216) 270-7465
Photo of Samantha Sobecki, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Samantha Sobecki
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111
There are times in your life when you may feel helpless, depressed, anxious, or even be experiencing conflict with the people you love. Past trauma may be impacting your present day in the form of anxiety and stress. When we are in dark places, it can be difficult to understand that healing and hope are possible. As a counselor, I work with adults who are navigating change, processing trauma, and building skills to improve their wellness. I can help you or your loved ones heal. My therapeutic process is person-centered. I recognize that we are all different individuals with different needs
There are times in your life when you may feel helpless, depressed, anxious, or even be experiencing conflict with the people you love. Past trauma may be impacting your present day in the form of anxiety and stress. When we are in dark places, it can be difficult to understand that healing and hope are possible. As a counselor, I work with adults who are navigating change, processing trauma, and building skills to improve their wellness. I can help you or your loved ones heal. My therapeutic process is person-centered. I recognize that we are all different individuals with different needs
(216) 304-4492 View (216) 304-4492
Photo of Ally McCarley - Flourish CLE, MA, LPCC-S, ATR, RYT-200, Counselor
Flourish CLE
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, ATR, RYT-200
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Ally McCarley. I am a licensed professional clinical counselor, registered art therapist, and registered yoga teacher. I believe that everyone is capable of healing and growth if given the right tools and support. I also believe that all parts of your self and your story deserve to be heard, honored, validated and sometimes challenged in a safe, supportive space. I have extensive training in many trauma informed modalities including Art Therapy, Yoga, Mindfulness and Meditation, Therapeutic Play, parts of self and EMDR and utilize a blend of these treatments depending on a client's particular needs and experiences.
Hello! My name is Ally McCarley. I am a licensed professional clinical counselor, registered art therapist, and registered yoga teacher. I believe that everyone is capable of healing and growth if given the right tools and support. I also believe that all parts of your self and your story deserve to be heard, honored, validated and sometimes challenged in a safe, supportive space. I have extensive training in many trauma informed modalities including Art Therapy, Yoga, Mindfulness and Meditation, Therapeutic Play, parts of self and EMDR and utilize a blend of these treatments depending on a client's particular needs and experiences.
(216) 485-3781 View (216) 485-3781
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH

30+

Average cost per session

$109

Therapists in Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH who prioritize treating:

92% Depression
92% Anxiety
77% Stress
69% Life Transitions
64% Grief
64% Trauma and PTSD
54% Anger Management

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% Aetna
95% Cigna and Evernorth
92% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, OH see their clients

92% Online Only
8% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Kamm's Corner, Cleveland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.